waste management

1. PRESENTATION ON WASTE MANAGEMENT BY
DEBDATTA MUKHERJEE
JYOTI VERMAN
MADHURIMA DHAR
SAYANI BHATTACHARYA

2. What are Wastes?
Substances or objects
 which are disposed of
 or are intended to be disposed of
 or are required to be disposed of
By the provisions of the law.
Disposal - Any operation which may lead to
resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-
use or alternative uses.

3. KINDS OF WASTE
ON THE BASIS OF RHEOLOGY AND
COMPACTNESS:
o Solid wastes : trash domestic, commercial and industrial wastes especially
common as co-disposal of wastes
Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,
cans, papers, scrap iron, and other
o Liquid Wastes : wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds, manufacturing industries and
other sources

4. ON THE BASIS OF PROPERTIES
BIO-DEGRADABLE WASTES
FROM PLANT OR ANIMAL
SOURCES
BROKEN DOWN BY OTHER
LIVING ORGANISMS
Eg-MUNICIPAL WASTE-
GREEN WASTE,FOOD
WASTE,PAPER WASTE AND
BIO DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
ALSO INCLUDE HUMAN
WASTE,MANURE,SEWAGE.
NON BIO-DEGRADABLE
WASTES
CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN
BY OTHER LIVING
ORGANISMS
NOT CAPABLE OF
DEGRADATION OR
DECOMPOSITION.
Eg-PLASTIC,METAL,GLASS.
ALSO INCLUDE DANGEROUS
CHEMICALS,TOXINS AS ARE
PLASTIC GROCERY BAGS

5. ON THE BASIS OF THEIR EFFECTS ON
HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Hazardous wastes
 Non-hazardous

6. SOURCES OF WASTES
Households
Commerce and Industry

7. SOURCES OF WASTES
Agriculture
Fisheries

8. EFFECTS OF WASTE
 Affects our health
Affects our socio-economic
conditions
Affects our coastal and
marine
environment
Affects our climate
Rise in global temperatures
Rise in sea levels

9. METHODS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
Disposal Methods
Land fills
 Convenient
 Inexpensive
 Destruction of food sources
 Desalination
Incineration
 Requires minimum land
 Can be operated in any weather
 Expensive to build and operate
 Continuous maintenance
Recycling methods
Biological reprocessing
 Key to providing a livable
 environment for the future
 Expensive
 Some wastes cannot be recycled
 Technological push needed
Energy recovery
 Pyrolysis
 Gasification

10. METHODS OF PLASTIC WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Options for Plastic Waste Management
Plastics recycling technologies have been
historically divided into four general types –
Primary
Secondary.
Tertiary.
Quaternary.

11. BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
 Organic waste materials, such as plant
material, food scraps, and paper products, can
be recycled using biological composting and
digestion processes to decompose the organic
matter.
 The resulting organic material is then recycled
as mulch or compost for agricultural or
landscaping purposes.
 Waste gas from the process (such as methane)
can be captured and used for generating
electricity.
 An example of waste management through
composting is the Green Bin Program in
Toronto, Canada, where household organic
waste are collected in a dedicated container
and then composted.

12. Waste-to-energy
 The energy content of waste
products can be harnessed directly
by using them as a direct
combustion fuel, or indirectly by
processing them into another type
of fuel.
 Recycling through thermal
treatment ranges from using waste
as a fuel source for cooking or
heating, to fuel for boilers ,to
generate steam and electricity in a
turbine.
 Pyrolysis
 Gasification

13. Waste management concepts
 There are a number of concepts about waste management which vary in their
usage between countries or regions. Some of the most general, widely-used
concepts include:
 .Waste hierarchy - The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and
recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their
desirability in terms of waste minimization. The aim of the waste hierarchy is
to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the
minimum amount of waste.
 Extended producer responsibility - Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is
a strategy designed to promote the integration of all costs associated with
products throughout their life cycle (including end-of-life disposal costs) into
the market price of the product. This means that firms which manufacture,
import and/or sell products are required to be responsible for the products
after their useful life as well as during manufacture.
 Polluter pays principle - Polluter Pays Principle is a principle where the
polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment.

14. DIAGRAM ON WASTE HEIRARCHY

15. Talking Trash: The World's Waste Management
Problem
 Trash is a pervasive but unnoticed part of our lives
 Today, many nations face a looming waste management crisis, as their
landfills reach capacity and continue to degrade the environment.
 Waste management is linked to environmental quality in general, and climate change in
particular.
 Breakdown of bio-degradable wastes like paper, food releases greenhouse gas methane
which traps 70 times more heat than CO2.
 Other heat-trapping gasses like nitrous oxide (nearly 300 times more powerful than
CO2) are emitted when plastics and textiles are burned in incinerators.
Waste management also has a significant impact on human health.
 Chemicals from degrading waste can leak into aquifers and contaminate water supplies.
 Landfills and older incinerators can also release harmful dioxins, a cancer-causing carcinogen
 Air pollutants like NOx and SOx, which make up acid rain and can cause respiratory illnesses.
 Landfills also provide shelter for disease-carrying agents like rats, flies, and other vermin
.

16. PRACTICAL ISSUES IN WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Unplanned growth and development of cities
Lack of awareness
Un sorted waste. mixture of bio-degradable
and non bio-degradable
Some wastes cannot be recycled
Requires proper planning, design, and
Operation.

17. EFFECTIVE WASTE MGMT
STRATEGY.
Minimising or avoiding adverse impacts on the
environment and human health.
Allowing economic development and improvement in the
quality of life.
 The aims of waste management are to:
conserve resources of water, energy, raw materials and
nutrients
control pollution of land, air and water
enhance business performance and maintain corporate
social responsibility
improve occupational health and safety

18. ZERO WASTE POLICY
Many governments and organisations are adopting ‘zero
waste’ policies.
This whole-of-system approach aims to reduce waste at
the source through product design and producer
responsibility.
It also includes waste reduction strategies further down
the supply chain such as:
cleaner production
product dismantling
recycling
repair
reuse.

19. WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS.
 Improve product design to use less materials.
 Use biodegradable materials
 Maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets
 At Source Treatment, Separation of materials
should be done at source
 Encourage people to reuse materials rather than
purchase new ones.
Create awareness among civilians
Change of attitude from the part of the civilians

20. CONCLUSION
Waste management is the collection, transport,
processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of
wastematerials.[1]
The term usually relates to materials
produced by human activity, and is generally
undertaken to reduce their effect on health,
the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is
also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste
management can
involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substance
s, with different methods and fields of expertise for
each.