1. British Film
Key Focus: Institutions &
Audience.

2. History of film – the last 60
years.
 The French Lumière brothers are credited with inventing
cinema in 1892, by projecting a lantern through celluloid
movie reels. They brought their touring show to London
in 1896.
 The first actual British film is said to be 'Incident at
Clovelly Cottage' made in 1896 by Robert Paul and Birt
Acres, who built and ran their own movie camera. From
then on, the film Industry was born in Britain, with help
from American financiers, eager to capitalise on British
industry, design and ingenuity. In 1914, during the First
World War, 25% of the films shown in Britain were
British.
 Alfred Hitchcock's 'Blackmail' in 1929 is credited with
being Britain's first talking picture.From this point on,
between the wars, British film grew and developed it's
range.

3. The 50's and 60's: A Boom Time
for British Cinema
 After Britain recovered from the war effort, the film Industry sparked
into overdrive, with a series of successful themed movies: the Ealing
Comedies, the Doctor films (introducing the young star Dirk
Bogarde), the St. Trinian films, and then the hugely successful
'Carry On' films, starring Sid James, Kenneth Williams, and Frankie
Howard. The Hammer studios started producing its popular
'Hammer Horror' series at the end of the 50's, using readily available
locations and cheap effects.
 The 1960's saw a huge boom in British film: the 'Kitchen Sink'
realism promoted through such classics such as John Osbourne's
'Look Back in Anger' (1958), directors such as Tony Richardson
forming Woodfall Films in partnership with the playwright Osbourne;
other radicals such as Lindsay Anderson, and then the birth of
James Bond in 1962 with 'Dr. No'.

4. Into the 80’s
 The 80's saw the British film industry deep in the
doldrums with all the studios split up, either being
closed used for T.V. production or hired out for
independent filmproduction. A saving grace was the
special effects industry that had sprung up as an
important part of movie making. Many big,
Hollywood blockbusters that relied heavily on
special effects were made exclusively or at least, in
part there. Superman; Star Wars and of course
James Bond movies continued to be made at
Pinewood.

5. Key Facts in the last 30 years
 1982 -Channel 4 establishes Film on Four under David
Rose, with a remit to make feature films for television but
with a view to cinema release. In its first year, Film on
Four launches 20 films with an average budget of
£300,000.
 1984 - Video Recordings Act - This act makes it an
offence for a video recording to be sold or hired if it
contained a work which had not been certificated by the
British Board of Film Censors. It introduced certificates of
'Uc' (for young children), 'U', 'PG', '15', '18' and 'R18' (for
sexually explicit material) for videos.

6.  1989 - British Board of Film Classification introduces '12'
category for cinema films, preventing admission to
people under twelve.
 1996 – Lottery Film fund set up for hard hit British film
industry.
 1997 - Introduction of the DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)
format onto the UK market, the most successful
domestic media format since the launch of the compact
disc in 1983.
 2000- The UK Film Council is launched by the
government. Answering to the Department of Culture,
Media and Sport, it initially has a budget of £22m a year

7.  2002 - Following trials in Norwich, the BBFC changes the
theatrical 12 certificate to 12A, and permits children of
any age to see films with that classification provided
under-twelves are accompanied by a parent or
responsible guardian.
 The rest you can find yourself on the
internet!!!!!!

8. BFI Timeline
 On this website you will find a detailed
timeline of key directors and information
regarding British film over the last 100 years.
 http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/timeline/index

9. Film Techniques
 Cross cutting  Lighting
 Colour  Shots/Angles
 Special effects  Editing
 Mise-en-Scene  Sound effects
 Cinematography  Sound

10. Shots

11. Shots …
 The use of different shot sizes can influence
the meaning which an audience will interpret.
 The size of the subject in frame depends on
two things: the distance the camera is away
from the subject and the focal length of the
camera lens.

12. The 1st Special effects
 The history of special effects begins even before the
invention of the camera itself. During the 1700s,
magicians utilized many techniques to perform
optical illusions and astound their audiences. These
techniques formed the foundations of special
effects.
 One of the most used effects in magic shows during
this period was the summoning of the dead -
spiritism. A small box with a light source and a semi-
transparent slide was used to project images of
historical figures onto columns of smoke or billowing
cloth.

13. Digital Effects
 The greatest changes in the revolution of Special
Effects happened in the 20th century,
with computers. Computers helped revolutionized
the world of Special Effects in movies. Now with
computers we are able to create sceneries we
would never think possible.
 With the help of computers we can create people,
buildings, animals, monsters, aliens, and many
other creations. Our creations in the computers can
come out to life with a touch of a button. Special
Effects have gone to the extreme with the use of
computers. We could even build and resink the
"Titanic" with the use of computers.

14. Types of Special effects:
 3-D film for movie history
 3-D computer graphics
 Bluescreen/Chroma key
 Bullet time
 Computer-generated imagery
 Digital compositing

15. Famous Special effect films
 Disney Pixar – Monsters Inc, Toy Story, Cars
 Alien series
 Transformers
 Saving Private Ryan
 Star Wars
 Apollo 13
 Gladiator
 Terminator

16. Editing
 A Roll  Master shot
 B Roll  Match cut
 Cross cutting  Montage
 Cutaway  Point of view shot
 Dissolve  Screen direction
 Establishing shot  Sequence shot
 Fast cutting  Smash cut
 Flashback  Slow cutting
 Insert  Split screen
 Jump cut  SMPTE time code
 Keying  Shot reverse shot
 L cut ("Split edit")  Talking head
 Wipe

17. Research Task
 Research the following term and make
detailed notes on how it works, what it does
and any key factors you can research.
Cinematography