The document discusses different types of computer network topologies. It describes a bus topology where all devices connect to a central cable. A ring topology forms a closed cable loop connecting all devices. In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of each, noting that a bus topology is easy to implement but a single break disables the network, while a star topology is more expensive but faults are easy to isolate.

2. By:
Saad-ur-Rehman

3. Computer Networking

4. What is a Computer Network?
A network consists of 2 or more
computers connected together
and they can communicate and
share resources.

6. TOPOLOGY
NETWORK
STAR
RING
BUS
PEER TO PEER
CLIENT-SERVER
PYSHICAL / WIRELESS
TWISTED PAIR, COAXIAL, FIBRE OPTIC
INFRARED, RADIOWAVE, SATELLITE
NIC
HUB
ROUTER
MODEM
ACCESS
POINT
LAN
MAN
WAN
INTRANET
EXTRANET
INTERNET
TCP/IP
NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
CLIENT SOFTWARE
ARCHITECTURE TYPES
TECHNOLOGY
PROTOCOL
SOFTWARE
MEDIUM
DEVICES
192.168.1.3

7. HUB
Terminator

8. HUB HUB

13. USB
wireless
Adapter

18. X

19. Need of Computer Network
File sharing
Resource sharing
Communication and collaboration
Remote access
Data protection

20. Network Cabling
Network Topology

22. What is cable?
What cable types are available?
How do cables work?
How are cables used in
networking?
How are connections made?
Overview

23. Cable:
cables are used to connect one
network device to other network
devices or to connect two or more
computers to
share printer, scanner etc

24. Common network cable types
Coaxial cable
Unshielded
twisted pair
Fiber optic

26. UTP characteristics
Unshielded
Twisted (why?) pairs
 of insulated conductors
Covered by
insulating sheath

28. UTP categories
Category 1 Voice only (Telephone)
Category 2 Data to 4 Mbps (Localtalk)
Category 3 Data to 10Mbps (Ethernet)
Category 4 Data to 20Mbps (Token ring)
Category 5
Category 5e
Data to 100Mbps (Fast
Ethernet)
Data to 1000Mbps (Gigabit
Ethernet)

29. Cat5e cable
1000Mbps data capacity
For runs of up to 90 meters
Solid core cable ideal for structural
installations (PVC or Plenum)
Stranded cable ideal for patch
cables
Terminated with RJ-45 connectors

31. RJ45 connector

32. Making connections - Tools
Cat5e cable
RJ45 connectors
Cable stripper
Scissors
Crimping tool

33. Making connections - Steps
1. Strip cable end
2. Untwist wire ends
3. Arrange wires
4. Trim wires to size
5. Attach connector
6. Check
7. Crimp
8. Test

34. Step 1 – Strip cable end
Strip 1 – 1½” of insulating sheath
Avoid cutting into conductor insulation

35. Step 2 – Untwist wire ends
Sort wires by insulation colors

36. Step 3 – Arrange wires
TIA/EIA 568A: GW-G OW-Bl BlW-O BrW-Br
TIA/EIA 568B: OW-O GW-Bl BlW-G BrW-Br

37. Step 4 – Trim wires to size
Trim all wires evenly
Leave about ½” of wires exposed

38. Step 5 – Attach connector
Maintain wire order, left-to-right, with RJ45
tab facing downward

39. Step 6 - Check
Do all wires extend to end?
Is sheath well inside connector?

40. Step 7 - Crimp
Squeeze firmly to crimp connecter
onto cable end (8P)

41. Step 8 – Test
Does the cable work?

42. http://pc-
accessories.tradebang.com
Find the trusted manufacturers of
computer cables & connectors

45. Network Topology

46. DEFINITION
What is a Topology ?
The physical topology of a network
refers to the configuration of cables,
computers and other peripherals.

47. TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Three commonly used network topologies
are:-
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology

48. BUS TOPOLOGY
All computers and devices
connected to central cable or bus.
Consists of a main run of cable
with a terminator at each end.
Popular on LANs because they
are inexpensive and easy to
install.

49. BUS TOPOLOGY

50. RING TOPOLOGY
Cable forms closed ring or loop,
with all computers and devices
arranged along ring.
Data travels from device to
device around entire ring, in
one direction.
Primarily is used for LANs,
but also is used in WANs.

51. RING TOPOLOGY

52. STAR TOPOLOGY
All devices connect to a
central device, called
hub.
All data transferred
from one computer to
another passes through
hub.

53. STAR TOPOLOGY

54. In the mesh topology each computer are connected with
each other by separate cable. Create point to point
connection to every device on network. If one cable fail
data always has alternative path to get to its destination.
On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using
mesh topology with leased line.
This type topology generally use in military area.
MESH TOPOLOGY

55. DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE THREE
TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF THE THREE OF
NETWORK TOPOLOGY?

56. SUMMARY
BUS TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION
•All computers
and devices
connected to
central cable
ADVANTAGE
peripEasy to connect
a computer or
heral to a linear bus.
•Requires less cable
length than
a star topology.
DISADVANTAGE
•Entire network shuts
down if
there is a break in the
main cable.
•Terminators are
required at both
ends of the backbone
cable.
•Difficult to identify
the problem
if the entire network
shuts down.

57. SUMMARY
RING TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION
•Cable forms
closed ring or
loop, with all
computers and
devices arranged
along ring.
ADVANTAGE
•Data is quickly
transferred without a
‘bottle neck’.
•The transmission of
data is relatively
simple as packets
travel in one direction
only.
DISADVANTAGE
•Data packets must pass
through every computer
between the sender and
recipient therefore, this
makes it slower.
•If any of the nodes fail
then the ring is broken
and data cannot be
transmitted successfully.
•It is difficult to
troubleshoot
the ring.

58. SUMMARY
DEFINITION
•All devices
connect to a
central device,
called hub.
ADVANTAGE
•Easy to install and
wire.
•Security can be
implemented
in the hub/switch.
DISADVANTAGE
• Requires more
cable length
than a linear topology.
If the hub or
concentrator fails,
nodes attached are
disabled.
More expensive than
linear bus topologies
because of the cost of
the concentrators.
STAR TOPOLOGY
•Easy to detect faults
and to
remove parts

59. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
DEFINITION
•In the mesh
topology each
computer are
connected with
each other by
separate cable..
ADVANTAGE
•1.Provide redundant
path between device..
The network can be
expanded without
disruption to current
user..
DISADVANTAGE
Require more cable
then other topology .
Complicated
implementations.
MESH TOPOLOGY

62. Thanking
You …