Management Information System, DBMS, File System and All important information

2. Presented To:

3. Presented By:

5. Introduction
“A system which does not use any computer devices. All
data would be kept in other ways , mainly paper. “
Uses: Manual system use in daily basis routine work such as
 Index files of Recipes
 Paper phone book
 Paper Dictionary
Structure: its done by hand that could be typing all your
information into notepad

6. Examples:
 People would have hand written letters
or used typewriters instead of word
processor.
 Graphs & Diagrams would have been
drawn by hand instead of using
Computer Software to do them .

7. Advantages:
 Large reduction in cost of hardware &
software.
 Availability of user-friendly accounting
software package.
 It is relatively cheaper like maintaining a
manual system.

8. Disadvantages:
 Data Duplication
 Lack of Security
 Common Error
 Inconsistency of data
 Repetition of work
 Too much paper work
 Space consuming

10. Introduction
“It is a method of storing and organizing
arbitrary collection of data in a form that is
human readable.”
Uses:
 File system used to organized and
represent access to any data.
 File System are used on data storage
devices.

11. Structure
 File system is a section of hard disk that
has been allocated to contain files.
File System
/User /tamp /var /home

12. Example:
 Disk File System
 Optical Discs
 Flash File System
 Database File System
 Transaction File System
 Network File System
 Flat File System

13. Advantages
 Give access to uniform data to group of
users
 Useful when many users exists on many
systems with each other’s name
directory located on every single
machine.
 Reduced overall disk storage cost.

14. Disadvantages
 Program data dependence
 Lengthy development times
 Duplication of data
 Limited data sharing
 Security risk

16. Introduction
“Database is an organized collection of
related data that is stored in an efficient and
compact manner.”
Purpose:
The purpose of database is to help people
and organization keep track of things.

17. Structure
External
Level
Conceptual
Level
Internal
Level
How user
understands
the
organization
of data
It is a level of
indirection
between
external and
internal
How data is
physically
stored.

18. Examples
 A system that maintains component part
details for a car manufacture.
 An advertising company keeping details
of all clients.
 A training company keeping course
information and particular details.
 An organization maintaining all sales
order information

19. Advantages
 Reduced updating errors and increase
consistency.
 Reduced data entry, storage and
retrieval costs.
 Facilitated development of new
application programs
 Reduced data redundancy.
 Improved data security.

20. Disadvantages
 Database system are complex and time
consuming to design.
 Substantial hardware and software start-
up costs.
 Initial training required for all programmers
and users.

21. Relational Database Model

22. Introduction
“Relational database organized data in two-
dimensional tables called relation.”
Uses:
 it can be used for storing large amount
of data.

23. Table
Row
(tuple)
Column
(attribute)
A row cannot
be identified
by its position
in the table
Column that
uniquely
identifies each
row in the
table

24. Examples
Roll No. Name Class
1352 Ansa Khalid Msc
1324 Komal Iftikhar Msc.
1460 Gazala Rai Msc
1342 Tehrim Shehzad Msc.

25. Advantages
 Data Integrity
 Data independence
 Structural independence
 Data consistency & Accuracy
 Easy data retrieval & sharing

26. Disadvantage
 Calculation become rigid while working
with the larger data.
 Slow in performance.
 It requires more knowledge to
implement.
 Once the database created it is not
changed easily.

28. Introduction
“A database model is the structure or format of
a database.”

29. Models

30. Hierarchical Database Model
“Organize data in a series like a family tree or
organization chart”
Structure:
 In which data is organized into a tree-
like structure.
 The structure allows representing
information using Parent/child
relationship.

31. Car
Engine Body Wheels
Left Door Right Door Seats

32. Advantages
 This is good for one-to-many
relationship.
 It can store large numbers of segment
and process information efficiently.
 It is a simple structure and minimize disk
input and output.

33. Disadvantages
 It is less user-friendly.
 It creates inflexibility and programming
complexity.
 It is difficult to recognize the database
as hierarchy has to be maintained.

34. Network Database Models
“ This conceived as a flexible way of
representing objects and their relationships.”
Employee
Supervisor Department
Project

35. Advantages
 Ability to handle more relationship type.
 Ease of data access
 Data integrity
 Data independence

36. Disadvantages
 System complexity
 Lack of Structural independence

37. Object Oriented Database
Models
“It actually manages the data access and the
querying of the data from the databases.”
Object oriented
Database Model
Name
Year
Advisor
Classes

38. Advantages
 The amount of information that can be
modeled by an OODBMS Is increased.
 It is also easier to model this information.
 This is also able to have higher modeling
capabilities through extensibility.

39. Disadvantages
 Data and operations are separated.
 Inadequate for current problems.
 Causing an added training cost for
developers.