An overview of data analysis and visualisation programmes and tools.

1. OVERVIEW OF TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND DATA VISUALISATION
MARIÉ ROUX
MANAGER: RESEARCH IMPACT SERVICES
KIRCHNER VAN DEVENTER
HEAD: RESEARCH COMMONS

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Data Cleaning
 Statistical analysis
 Visualisation applications and services
 Code help: Wizards, libraries, APIs
 GIS/mapping
 Temporal data analysis
 Text/word clouds
 Infographics
 Social and other network analysis
 Working with Colour

3. INTRODUCTION
 This workshop will give an overview of tools and will not consists of in-depth training for each tool
 Presenters are not experts in the field of data analysis and visualisation, but are able to make a selection
of the most important tools

4. DATA CLEANING
Microsoft Excel
The most common tool used for manipulating spreadsheets and
building analyses. With decades of development behind it, Excel
can support almost any standard analytics workflow and is
extendable through its native programming language, Visual
Basic. Excel is suitable for simple analysis, but it is not suited
for analyzing big data — it has a limit of around 1 million rows —
and it does not have good support for collaboration or versioning.
Consider more modern cloud-based analytics platforms for large
and collaborative analyses.
Learn more: Data cleaning in Excel

5. DATA CLEANING
DataWrangler
(For the most recent version of the tool, see the
free Trifacta Wrangler)
 Why wrangle? Too much time is spent manipulating
data just to get analysis and visualisation tools to read
it. Wrangler is designed to accelerate this process:
spend less time fighting with your data and more time
learning from it.
 Wrangler allows interactive transformation of messy,
real-world data into the data tables analysis tools
expect. Export data for use in Excel, R, Tableau, Protovis,
...
 Demo video: https://vimeo.com/19185801

6. DATA CLEANING
OpenRefine
OpenRefine is a powerful tool for working with messy data:
cleaning it; transforming it from one format into another; and
extending it with web services and external data. It was borne out
of a project started by Google (and used to be called Google
Refine), but is now an open source project hosted on Github.
 What can it do? Best tool to work with if you need to tidy up
messy data. ‘Wrangle' messy or un-structured data to make it
more structured. This is a necessary first step if you want to
analyse the data in a spreadsheet or other statistical analysis
tool. Finding and removing duplicates; grouping similar data;
trim whitespace from beginning and end of values; Translate
street addresses to lat/lng coordinates, etc.
 Learn more: Explore data; Clean and transform data; Reconcile
and match data

7. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
R
R is a language and environment for statistical computing
and graphics.
 What can it do: R started off as a statistical analysis
language with built-in support for graphics and handling
certain common data formats such as spreadsheet-like
rows and columns. It is now also used for mapping,
dashboards, interactive Web apps etc.
 Disadvantage: The fact that R runs on the command line
means that users will have to take the time to learn which
commands do what, and not all users will be comfortable
with a text-only interface.
 Learn more: Computerworld Beginner's Guide to R / 60+
resources to improve your R skills / R tutorials
Source: https://data-flair.training/blogs/why-
learn-r/

8. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
RStudio
 What can it do: RStudio is a set of integrated tools designed to
help you be more productive with R. It includes a console, syntax-
highlighting editor that supports direct code execution, and a
variety of tools for plotting, viewing history and managing your
workspace.
 Learn more: RStudio education; RStudio tutorial; Coursera: Open
Source tools for Data Science; Introduction to RStudio (Princeton
University)

9. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Notepad++:
 What it does: Notepad++ is a free source code editor and
Notepad replacement that supports several languages. It
supports tabbed editing, which allows working with multiple
open files in a single window.
 Learn more: User manual and tutorials; Beginners guide to
Notepad++; Introduction for beginners (YouTube)
NppToR
 What it does: NppToR aims to extend the functionality of
code passing to the Notepad++ code editor. It is a
companion utility that facilitates communication between R
and Notepad++. It provides code passing from Notepad++
into the windows R Gui.
 Learn more: Help with NppToR

10. OTHER STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TOOLS
 SAS (Analytics Software & Solutions): Leader in analytics.
Through innovative analytics, BI and data management software
and services, SAS helps turn data into better decisions.
 SPSS: The SPSS® software platform offers advanced statistical
analysis, a vast library of machine learning algorithms, text analysis,
open source extensibility, integration with big data and seamless
deployment into applications.
 Statistica: An advanced analytics software portfolio that provides
enterprise and desktop software for statistics, data analysis, data
management, data visualization, data mining (also called predictive
analytics), and quality control.
 Campus licenses for above: IT ‘s Software Hub
(http://www.sun.ac.za/softwarehub ) for students where you can
download Statistica, Mathematica, SAS and SPSS directly. Log in
with your SU username and password.

11. QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
Atlas.ti
 What it does: A powerful workbench for the
qualitative analysis of large bodies of textual,
graphical, audio and video data. Sophisticated
tools help to arrange, reassemble, and manage
material in creative, yet systematic ways.
 Advantages: Use of automatic network layouts;
Word frequencies can be visualized as tables
and as word clouds; support text, PDF, survey,
audio, video and graphical files; -lots of built-in
functions for coding, retrieving, analyzing,
visualizing and exporting
 Learn more: Video tutorials / Quick tour and
manuals / Creating and assigning codes /
Library guide on Atlas.ti, University of Utah /
Advice on coding in Atlas.ti / PGSkills workshop
Source: https://atlasti.com/2016/12/23/rethinking-atlasti8/

12. QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
Dedoose
 What it does: A cross-platform app for analyzing qualitative
and mixed methods research with text, photos, audio, videos,
spreadsheet data and more.
 Advantages: User-friendly; easy storage on a cloud; affordable
pricing (you only pay for the months in which you use it); full
qualitative and mixed methods support; interactive
visualisations and analytics
 Learn more: Dedoose resources; Review of Dedoose

13. DEDOOSE DASHBOARD

14. DEDOOSE EXCERPTS AND CODING

15. VISUALISATION APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES
Tableau Public
 What it does? This tool can turn data into any number of visualisations, from
simple to complex. You can drag and drop fields onto the work area and ask the
software to suggest a visualisation type, then customize everything from labels
and tool tips to size, interactive filters and legend display. Tableau Public offers a
variety of ways to display interactive data. You can combine multiple connected
visualisations onto a single dashboard, where one search filter can act on
numerous charts, graphs and maps; underlying data tables can also be joined.
 Learn more: Several short training videos available on the Tableau site, where
you can also find downloadable data files that you can use for practice.

16. VISUALISATION APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES
Microsoft Power BI
 What it does: This is Microsoft's general Business
Intelligence (BI) platform, with data wrangling and
visualisation for many different data sources
(without Excel's row limits), as well as a web service
that allows for streaming data and scheduled data
updates.
 This is simple to use for basic visualisations and
report creation and makes it fairly easy to do data
exploration. It will handle files too large for Excel.
Runs R scripts within the desktop software and can
generate many R visualisations.
 Learn more: Free data visualization with Microsoft
Power BI: Your step-by-step guide as well
as training resources from Microsoft.

17. VISUALISATION APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES
Google Data Studio
 What it does: This service is designed to create
dashboards and reports from multiple data sources. The
focus is on Google sources such as Google Sheets,
Google Analytics and BigQuery, but some other sources
are supported as well.
 You can create meaningful, shareable charts and graphs
with a few clicks — just drag and drop. Customise
everything from colours to logos, add shapes and images,
insert dynamic controls, and easily give viewers a way to
select the data they want to see in a report from multiple
sources — including Analytics, Google Ads, Google
Search Console, YouTube, and Campaign Manager.
 Learn more: Data Studio video tutorials / Gallery with
examples.

18. VISUALISATION APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES
RAWGraphs
 What it does: The idea behind RAWGraphs is to provide a
tool that allows people without coding skills to produce
visualisations on their own. Originally conceived for
graphic designers to complete a series of tasks that were
unavailable in other tools, it evolved into a platform that
provides simple ways to map data dimensions onto visual
variables.
 Basically RAWGraphs allows users to easily and quickly
create data visualisations that can be exported and edited
in graphics software (such as Adobe Illustrator and Sketch).
 Learn more: Using RAWGraphs

19. CODE HELP: WIZARDS, LIBRARIES, API’S
 D3.js
D3.js is a JavaScript library for manipulating documents based on data. D3 helps you bring data to life
using HTML, SVG, and CSS. D3’s emphasis on web standards gives you the full capabilities of modern
browsers without tying yourself to a proprietary framework, combining powerful visualization components
and a data-driven approach to DOM manipulation.
 Exhibit
A Publishing Framework for Data-Rich Interactive Web Pages. Exhibit lets you easily create web pages with
advanced text search and filtering functionalities, with interactive maps, timelines, and other visualisations.
 Google chart tools
Display live data.
 JavaScript InfoVis Toolkit
What sets this tool apart from many others is the highly polished graphics it creates from just basic code
samples. Since this is not an application but a code library, you must have coding expertise in order to use
it.

20. GIS / MAPPING
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
 What it does
 Programs that create, edit, visualise, analyse and
publish geospatial information on Windows, Mac,
Linux, BSD (Android coming soon)
 Can open digital maps on your computer, create
new spatial information to add to a map, create
printed maps customised to your needs and
perform spatial analysis.
 Interactive tool for data analysis, integration and
visualisation.
 Convey information in an intuitive and accessible
manner
 For example:
 Google Maps
 Waze
https://qgis.org/en/site/index.
html

21. QUANTUM GIS (QGIS)
 Major open-source GIS program
 Accessible and functional
 Free to download, small installation size and low
system requirements compared to other open-source
GIS
 Can import, edit and save most spatial file formats
 Significant user-base and online documentation offers
a wide community of support
 Integrates with other open-source GIS and extends its
capabilities
 Multiple plugins and tools allow for greater
customisation
 User-friendly interface
https://qgis.org/en/site/

22. OTHER OPEN SOURCE GIS/MAPPING TOOLS
GRASS GIS
https://grass.osgeo.org/
OpenJUMP
http://www.openjump.org/
OpenLayers
https://openlayers.org/
OpenStreetMap
https://openstreetmap.org
CARTO
https://carto.com
Free to try for 12 months

23. TEMPORAL DATA
ANALYSIS
 Temporal data is data that represents a state in time, such as land-
use patterns, total rainfall over a certain period.
 Can be used to analyse weather patterns and other environmental
variables, monitor traffic conditions, study demographic trends,
etc.
Examples of temporal data.
Source: https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/map/time/what-is-temporal-data.htm

24. TEMPORAL DATA VISUALISATION TOOLS
D3.js (https://d3js.org/)
 What it is
 JavaScript library for manipulating documents based on data
 Uses HTML, SVG and CSS
 Allows for animation and interaction in data visualisation
 Pros
 Massive community of support
 Highly flexible in design choices
 Free to use
 Cons
 Requires knowledge of coding and then learning D3 on top of that

25. TEMPORAL DATA VISUALISATION TOOLS
Observable (https://observablehq.com/)
 What it is
 A website where you can learn to use D3.js and
other data visualisation tools through tutorials and
practical training

26. TEMPORAL DATA VISUALISATION TOOLS
Timeline JS (https://timeline.knightlab.com/)
 What it is
 A user-friendly website where you can create timelines following an easy set of instructions
 Can create visually rich, interactive timelines

27. TEXT/WORD CLOUDS
Wordle (http://www.wordle.net/)
 What it does
 Converts keywords into a visual ‘cloud’
 Quick way to determine the frequency of
words in a text
 Need to install Java to run the program
IBM Word-Cloud Generator
 Can be used within R through plugin
 For more advanced users
Example of a word cloud using the text Heart of
Darkness by Joseph Conrad (1899)

28. INFOGRAPHICS
Canva (https://www.canva.com/)
 Free to use graphic design platform (with
optional upgrade plans for more advanced
use)
 Can create social media graphics,
presentations, posters and infographics
Infogram (https://infogram.com/)
 Free to use (with optional upgrade plans for
more advanced use)
Piktochart (https://piktochart.com/)
 Free to use, but limited to the creation of 5
graphics
Example of Canva’s
many templates

29. SOCIAL AND OTHER
NETWORK ANALYSIS
Gephi (https://gephi.org/)
 What it is
 Free to use
 Useful for visualizing statistical information, including
relationships within networks
NodeXL (https://www.smrfoundation.org/nodexl/)
 What it is
 An Excel plugin that can display network graphs
from a list of connections
 Optimised for analysing online social media
 Drawback
 Requires Excel to run
Example of a Gephi visualisation

30. WORKING WITH
COLOUR
ColorBrewer
(https://colorbrewer2.org/)
 An online tool designed
to help with selecting
appropriate colour
schemes for maps and
other graphics
 The provided map does
not depict actual data,
but rather serves as a
carefully designed
diagnostic tool for
evaluating individual
colour schemes
 It provides you with
your chosen colours’
codes to apply to your
own map

31. USEFUL LINKS
 http://www.kwantu.net/blog/2016/12/28/how-to-clean-up-messy-data-using-open-refine
 https://atlasti.com/2016/12/23/rethinking-atlasti8/
 https://www.visualisingdata.com/resources/
 https://www.computerworld.com/article/2507728/enterprise-applications-22-free-tools-for-data-
visualization-and-analysis.html?page=10
 http://selection.datavisualization.ch/
 https://steemit.com/utopian-io/@scipio/how-to-do-data-visualization-using-rawgraphs

32. Questions?