power curriculum

1. DAY 3

2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases &
Infections

3. STIs and STDs
 STI stands for Sexually Transmitted Infections
 STD stands for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
 An STD is the later stages of a STI.
 We want to give you a medically-accurate
understanding of the risks of sexual activity by
explaining STI transmission and how diseases
move through a population.
 We aren’t just trying to scare you to death – we
want you to know the truth as you make big
decisions in your life.

4. SEX
 In the medical community, sex is
defined as:
ANYTHING that puts you in
contact with the blood, body
fluids, or skin in the genital area -
puts you at risk for STIs and STDs.

5. SEX
 ANYTHING that puts you in contact with the
blood, body fluids, or skin in the genital
area- puts you at risk for STIs and STDs.
 Body Fluids that carry STIs & STDs:
Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Saliva
Breast milk, in the case of HIV

6. SEX
 ANYTHING that puts you in contact with the
blood, body fluids, or skin in the genital
area- puts you at risk for STIs and STDs.
 This includes:
Vaginal sex
Oral sex
Anal sex
Touching in genital area

7. Who has an STI or STD?
1 in 5 Americans has an STI
and
you can’t tell by looking at them.

8. Who has an STI or STD?
1 in 5 Americans has an STI
and
you can’t tell by looking at them.
WATER example

9. STIs & STDs
 In 1950, there were 2 commonly known STIs.
 Today, there are 27 significant STIs & STDs. The
current risks are much bigger than ever before. We
are going to look at 7 of the most common STIs
now.
 No one just happens upon an STI. In most cases
(except babies at birth and tainted blood
transfusions) a person has to do something risky
to get it. Cannot be spread by casual contact and
can be avoided.
 A common misperception is that a toilet seat can
spread infection; this isn’t likely, since the bacteria
or parasite need warm, moist environments to live

10. Pus Causing Diseases

11. Chlamydia
 The most common reported bacterial STI in the US,
with an estimated 3 million new cases/year.
 Transmitted by all the body fluids except breast milk.
 Bacterial—curable with antibiotics if it is detected.
 Can get with or without visible symptoms—up to 50% of
men and 75% of women show no symptoms – but they
are contagious.
 If symptoms show up, it is usually pus and burning in
the genital area, especially when urinating. Women also
have lower abdominal pain.

12. Chlamydia

13. Gonorrhea
 Street name: "The Clap”
 An estimated 700,00 Americans get new infections
annually.
 Transmitted by all the body fluids except breast milk
 Bacterial—curable with antibiotics if it is detected
 Majority of those infected don’t have symptoms.
 If symptoms show up, it is usually pus and burning in
the genital area (reportedly feels like one is urinating
razor blades)
 Affects body organ systems other than genital
organs

14. Gonorrhea

15. Gonorrhea in an Eye

16. Chlamydia & Gonorrhea
Chlamydia and Gonnorhea: hard to spell but easy to get!”
No signs
No symptoms
No babies
if left untreated

17. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)
 Untreated Chlamydia & Gonorrhea cause Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease (Up to 40% of women with
untreated chlamydia develop PID)
 PID is a general term for infection of the uterus
lining, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. Most cases of
pelvic inflammatory disease are caused by
bacteria that move from the vagina or cervix into
the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvis.
 Leads to infertility, chronic pain & ectopic
pregnancy (Major cause of infertility in women)
 The most common cause of PID is sexual contact
without protection.

18. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)
Healthy Uterus
Fallopian Tube

19. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)

20. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)
Diaphragm
Adhesions
Liver

21.  Street name: “Trick”
 Estimated 7.4 milllion cases occur in the US each year.
 Transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex
 Caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite,
Trichomonas vaginalis. Can be cured with antibiotics if
diagnosed.
 One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases,
mainly affecting 16-to-35-year old women
 About 70% of infected people have no visible symptoms
.
 If there are symptoms, there may be a mild, frothy, foul-
smelling discharge or painful irritation of the urethra.
Trichamoniasas

22. Trichamoniasas

23. Trichamoniasas

24. Ulcerative Diseases

25. Herpes
 Two Types:
 Herpes Type 1 (HSV-1) - cold sores, fever blisters and chancre sores
(not an STI, but can be transmitted sexually)
 Herpes Type 2 (HSV-2) – genital Herpes
 Transmitted through all fluids (except breast milk) and skin-to-skin
contact - without visible symptoms and whether or not taking treatment
medication
 Viral—INCURABLE. Once infected, the person will have the disease,
and be contagious, for the rest of his/her life
 Between 85-90% of people with HSV-2 don’t know it, but they are
contagious.
 Symptoms are small blisters, skin ulcers in the genital area, and a
difficulty urinating. Can take medicine to help control the blisters, but
can not be cured.

26. Herpes

27. Herpes

28. Herpetic Whitlow of the Finger

29. Syphillis
 Highly contagious
 Transmitted through all fluids (except breast milk) & skin-to-
skin contact
 Bacterial—curable with antibiotics in early stages if
detected.
 Occurs in three stages, during which the symptoms may
advance from small painless chancre sores to fever and
lesions, and eventually to brain damage, paralysis and
destruction ofarteries and organs.
 If not cured by early 2nd stage, irreversible central nervous
system damage occurs. People die of syphilis during the
third stage.

30. Syphillis
STAGE1

31. Syphillis
STAGE2

32. Ulcerative Diseases &
Pregnancy
 Devastating to infants if contracted during
vaginal delivery. Pregnant moms must
deliver via c/section to protect baby.
 Death in 50% of cases
 50% chance of being perfectly normal
 Severe central nervous system damage possible
 Untreated diseases can also be transmitted in
the uterus and symptoms show up in children
later in their life.

33. Bloodborne Diseases

34. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
 Approximately 1.2 million people living with
HIV/AIDS in the US. Over 565,000 have died of
AIDS.
 Viral
 Transmitted through all fluids, including breast
milk
 Affects immune system – virus invades certain
white cells in the blood and destroy them so the
body can’t fight off even the simplest infections.
 HIV leads to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome). People die of AIDS—because their

35. HIV

36. HIV

37. Skin-to-Skin Only Diseases

38. Human Papillomavirus
(HPV)
 Street name: genital warts
 Transmitted by skin-to-skin contact only—condom effectiveness against
HPV is inconclusive. There is some indication that they can help reduce
infection, but that’s only if the disease is living in skin cells covered by a
condom (and there’s really no way of knowing that for sure).
 Only 2 strains cause warts (types 6 & 11). There are 15 high-risk strains
of HPV. Three of the 15 cause 75% of the cancer that results from HPV
(types 16, 18, 45).
 Leading cause of cancer-related death in women - 99% of cases of
cervical cancer are caused by HPV
 It’s almost impossible to detect HPV infection in men, unless warts show
up.
 90% of HPV cases resolve on their own. The other 10% causes warts or
cancer.
 It can take up to 18 months to remove all of the HPV warts, but the

39. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

40. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

41. HPV Polyp on Vocal Chords

42. HPV Vaccine
 Two HPV vaccines are licensed by the FDA and recommended by
CDC. These vaccines are Cervarix and Gardasil.
 Both vaccines protect against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18, which are
the worst strains. Types 16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancer.
Together, the 4 types cause 90% of genital warts.
 Both vaccines are safe.
 Both vaccines are made with very small parts of the human
papillomavirus (HPV) that cannot cause infection.
 Both vaccines are given as shots and require 3 doses.
 So far, it can only guarantee protection for up to 5 years, and only for
the 4 strains for girls and 2 strains for boys. And, like all vaccines, there
are some who have severe reactions to it. More studies are ongoing.
 While this is a good step to help reduce HPV infection, it is not a cure,
and it is not 100%.

43. STI & STD Frequency
 There are 27 significant STIs.
 There are 19 million new cases of STIs in the US each year.
 Of those, nearly half (9.1 million) are 15-25 year olds.
 That’s one young adult every 3.3 seconds. Count it off!
 Half of sexually active teens will get an STI.
 Do you know where in the USA has the highest rate of STDs?

44. STI & STD Frequency
 There are 27 significant STIs.
 There are 19 million new cases of STIs in the US each year.
 Of those, nearly half (9.1 million) are 15-25 year olds.
 That’s one young adult every 3.3 seconds. Count it off!
 Half of sexually active teens will get an STI.
 Do you know where in the USA has the highest rate of STDs?
MISSISSIPPI – right where you live! (and the highest
chlamydia & gonorhea rates are in Lee & Itawamba Counties)
 Contracting an STI can have life-altering consequences. Some
people die. Most don’t – but many live with consequences that
change their lives, and the lives of their spouses and children,
forever.

45. What is the Only Fool-Proof Way
to Avoid Pregnancy & STDs?
ABSTINENCE
Abstinence is just saying “NO”.
“I am going to WAIT until the
best time to say YES.”

46. ABSTINENCE
 Abstinence – is a lifestyle choice, not a birth
control method.
 Abstinence is NOT:
 Periodic abstinence
 Sequential monogamy
 Mutual masturbation
 Genital contact, oral or anal sex
 Any physical contact for the purpose of sexual
arousal
 WHY? Any of these behaviors can put you at risk for
STIs

47. ABSTINENCE
 Abstinence is 100% effective against STDs &
STIs.
 There are no failure rates.
 You have no risk of contracting an STI or
having an unwanted teenage pregnancy.
 No worries!
 More teens are choosing abstinence. Over
50% of teens in high school are not having
sexual intercourse.
 About 2/3 of those who are sexually active
wish they had waited.

48. Secondary Virginity
 If you have already had sex, you can choose
today, to say NO to sex from now on till
marriage.
 A new beginning can prevent new diseases and
non-marital pregnancies.
 You can’t change the past, but you can always
decide what’s next.
 No judgment. No shame.
Just a fresh start!
 A brighter, healthier future can result.

49. Relationship Ladder

50. Relationship Ladder
Meet
Text
Date
Hold
Hands
Kiss
Making
Out
Sex
Hug

51. Relationship Ladder
Meet
Text
Date
Hold
Hands
Kiss
Making
Out
Sex
Hug
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
pregnant?

52. Relationship Ladder
Meet
Text
Date
Hold
Hands
Kiss
Making
Out
Sex
Hug
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
pregnant?
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
an STI/STD?

53. Relationship Ladder
Meet
Text
Date
Hold
Hands
Kiss
Making
Out
Sex
Hug
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
pregnant?
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
an STI/STD?
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
your heart
broken?

54. Relationship Ladder
Meet
Text
Date
Hold
Hands
Kiss
Making
Out
Sex
Hug
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
pregnant?
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
an STI/STD?
 Where would you
stop on the ladder
to avoid getting
your heart
broken?
 Where on
the ladder
should
marriage
enter in?

55. Setting Boundaries 101

56. Setting Boundaries 101
 Set It You must first SET their boundaries. Set specific physical
boundaries: “I will not go past holding hands, etc.” Also personal
commitments need to be made such as modesty in dress, the type of date
you want to BE and the type of person you will date, etc.

57. Setting Boundaries 101
 Set It You must first SET their boundaries. Set specific physical
boundaries: “I will not go past holding hands, etc.” Also personal
commitments need to be made such as modesty in dress, the type of date
you want to BE and the type of person you will date, etc.
 Say It You must communicate their boundaries to your dates and
friends. Tell dating partners where your boundaries are, and if they don’t
respect them, give them the boot! Know ways to effectively communicate
“no” when someone is pushing you beyond their boundaries. Tell friends
your boundaries so that they can hold you accountable! The boundaries
discussion needs to happen with a dating partner BEFORE the first date.

58. Setting Boundaries 101
 Set It You must first SET their boundaries. Set specific physical
boundaries: “I will not go past holding hands, etc.” Also personal
commitments need to be made such as modesty in dress, the type of date
you want to BE and the type of person you will date, etc.
 Say It You must communicate their boundaries to your dates and
friends. Tell dating partners where your boundaries are, and if they don’t
respect them, give them the boot! Know ways to effectively communicate
“no” when someone is pushing you beyond their boundaries. Tell friends
your boundaries so that they can hold you accountable! The boundaries
discussion needs to happen with a dating partner BEFORE the first date.
 Show It You must live out your boundaries by the things you do,
where you go, what you wear, how you represent yourself. No wishy-
washiness allowed! If someone is pushing you to go further than you want
to, get up and leave! Communicate clearly “NO!!” Scream and run if you
must!

59. TrustYourself

60. Post-Survey
Answer
honestly.
No names,
please.
These
surveys are
confidential
.