revesion course, egyptian fellowship 20-1-2013

1. Intelligence
(‫)الذكاء‬
Professor Tarek A. Okasha
Professor of Psychiatry
Okasha Institute of Psychiatry
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
Secretary for Scientific Meetings
World Psychiatric Association

2. Definition
Intelligence:
Is the general ability to solve
intellectual problems on the basis
of past learning and present grasp
of essentials

3. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
‫معدل الذكاء‬
Mental Age
________________________ X 100
Chronological Age

4. Growth of Intelligence ‫نمو الذكاء‬
Increases steadily and progressively to
age of 13 or 15 then more slowly to the
age of 16 or 18
Constancy Intelligence ‫ثبات الذكاء‬
IQ is constant with fluctuations of 5–10
points
Intelligence between Environment
and Heredity
Environment can enrich IQ up to 20-30
points

5. Distribution of Intelligence
Genius Over 140
Superior IQ 120 - 140
Above average IQ 110 - 120
Average IQ 90 - 110
Below average IQ 80 - 90
Borderline IQ 70 - 80

6. Distribution of Intelligence
60% of the population 90 -110
15% of the population 110 -120
15% of the population 80 -90
5% of the population > 120
5% of the population < 80

7. Above Superior
Borderline Below Average IQ
IQ Average Average Intelligence
MR Genius
70 80 90 100 110 120 140
5% 15% 60% 15% 5%

8. Composition of Intelligence
1. Verbal comprehension
2. Word fluency
3. Numbers
4. Perceptual
5. Reasoning
6. Rote memory
7. Spatial comprehension

9. Intelligence tests
For children
1. Stanford Binet Scale (2-18 years)
2. Wechsler Pre-school intelligence
scale (up to 5 years)
3. Wechsler Intelligence scale for
children (5-15 years)
4. The coloured progressive matrices
5. Goodenough draw a man test
6. Portus Mazes

10. Intelligence tests
For adults
1. Wechsler adult intelligence scale
(WAIS) (16-64 years)
2. Progressive Matrices
3. Primary mental abilities

11. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
A) Verbal scales (6 categories)
1. Information
2. Comprehension
3. Arithmetic
4. Similarities
5. Digit span
6. Vocabulary

12. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
B) Performance scales (5 categories)*
1. Digit symbol
2. Picture completion
3. Block design
4. Picture arrangement
5. Object assembly
*scored for speed and accuracy

13. Group differences in intelligence
Men Vs Women
Black Vs White Vs Yellow
City Vs Village children
Occupation of the father

14. Uses of Intelligence tests
Educational purposes
Vocational guidance
Level of intellectual deterioration
Intellectual improvement
Social and intellectual harmony
between spouses

15. Reliability ‫الثبات‬
Consistency of measurement.
(test gives similar results with same person at
different times)
Validity ‫الصدق‬
Positive correlation of the test with its
purpose.
(actually measures what is needed to be
measured)

16. Mental Retardation
“Generalized Learning Disability”
Represents nearly 5% of the
population
Mortality rate is high
Many co-morbid physical illnesses
Better called “Generalized
Learning Disability”

17. Mental Retardation
“Generalized Learning Disability”
Type % IQ Prognosis
Idiot 5 Below 25 Non educable
‫المعتوه‬ Non trainable
Imbecile 20 25 - 50 Trainable
‫اللبله‬
Moran 70 50 - 80 Trainable
‫الوهوك‬ Educable
Borderline 5 80 - 90 Life in simple
‫البين لبينى‬ environment

18. Mental Retardation
“Generalized Learning Disability”
Type % IQ
Profound MR 5 Below 20
Severe MR 20 20 - 34
Moderate MR 20 35 - 49
Mild MR 50 50 - 69
Borderline 5 80 - 90

19. IQ and school success
IQ and occupation
Role of Compensatory education?
Is National Intelligence Declining?

20. Abilities ‫القدرات‬
Achievement ‫النجاز‬
The actual ability and can be measured directly
by the use of tests
Aptitude ‫القدرة‬
The predictable ability and can be measured by
specially devised tests.
Capacity ‫الستعداد‬
The potential ability and can be known indirectly
from the unequal achievement of individuals
who have equal intensive experience and
training.

21. Abilities ‫القدرات‬
Idiot Savants (Talented idiots)
Arithmetical prodigies
Reading disability (dyslexia)
Divergent Thinking
Fluency
Mental shift
Emotional Quotient (EQ)
‫الذكاء العاطفي‬