Strengthening the Security of Maritime Operations - CDE themed call launch presentations 24 Jan 2013

Agenda
10:00 Introduction to CDE
10:25 Maritime security problems & challenges
11:00 Technical Q&A
11:10 BREAK
Previous CDE activity case study on
11:40
maritime security
12:00 Perspective from horizon scanning
12:20 Technical challenges summary
12:40 CDE proposal guidance + general Q&A
13:00 LUNCH
14:00 One-to-one meetings

Centre for Defence Enterprise
Strengthening the Security
of Maritime Operations

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www.science.mod.uk/enterprise cde@dstl.gov.uk
(c) 2013 Dstl
UNCLASSIFIED / FOR PUBLIC RELEASE

Supporting Innovators

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(c) 2013 Dstl

Innovation = Advantage

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(c) 2013 Dstl
© Crown Copyright
© Crown Copyright MOD 2011

Prove the value of novel, high-
risk, high-potential-benefit
research

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(c) 2013 Dstl
© Crown Copyright MOD 2011 UNCLASSIFIED / FOR PUBLIC RELEASE

The aim of CDE

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(c) 2013 Dstl

To enable development of cost-
effective capability advantage

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(c) 2013 Dstl

for Defence and Security

Crown Copyright
(c) 2013 Dstl

“National Security Through
Technology” White Paper
‘Building on the CDE success in providing efficient
access to innovation, we will broaden its remit to
cover both the defence and security domains. As
part of this, we will seek ways to provide more
support to small- and medium-sized enterprises in
the development of routes to market for potential
products and to enhance communication
mechanisms between CDE and our suppliers’
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(c) 2013 Dstl

Support to SMEs

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Communicating requirements

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CDE advantages
• Accessible
• Rapid assessment
• Benevolent IP arrangements
• 100% funding
• Easy contracting
• Quick paying
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(c) 2013 Dstl

Enduring challenges

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(c) 2013 Dstl
© Crown Copyright

High risk – high benefit

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(c) Crown Copyright Dstl 2011
2013 Dstl

CDE funds proof

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(c) 2013 Dstl

Novel fibres for CBR protection

01235 438445
cde@dstl.gov.uk
www.science.mod.uk/enterprise

Crown Copyright
(c) 2013 Dstl

CDE themed calls
Strengthening maritime security Call launch Today
Summary Webinar 5 Feb
Signal processing for low SWaP Webinar 5 Feb 2013

Smart nano-scale materials/structures Call launch 21 Feb 2013

Countering terrorist networks Call launch 19 Mar 2013
Register and further details at www.science.mod.uk under ‘Events and Calls’

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(c) 2013 Dstl

Strengthening the Security of
Maritime Operations
Problems & Challenges

The UK is an island nation
• 9 out of 10 items bought or made by the UK arrives
or leaves by sea.
• 1.5 Million tonnes of maritime freight is dealt with
every day at UK seaports.
• ≈800,000 cubic metres of liquefied natural gas is
delivered at Milford Haven each week.
– Bespoke gas tankers pass through 4 of the 10
“Choke Points” on the world’s oceans:
Straits of Hormuz, Bab-el-Mendeb, Suez, Gibraltar
• Substantial Royal Navy presence is stationed East
of Suez, and elsewhere to keep the sea lanes
open.
Sourced from RnNwebsite

Dstl is part of the
© Dstl 2013 For Public Release Ministry of Defence

Maritime Security (& Constabulary) Operations

• During peace time RN vessels conduct a wide variety of
operations including defence (short of war) and security
(including Constabulary)

– RN vessels are rarely
utilised for the primary
purpose for which they are
procured – namely
warfighting.

– RN vessels are not
designed to undertake
their most frequent roles.

Dstl is part of the

Scope of this call
• Three challenges have been identified which would
significantly aid the Royal Navy in the conduct of maritime
security operations:

1. Improving determination of
unlawful activity at sea
2. Improving the response to
hostile activity at sea
3. Improving small arms
accuracy at sea.

Sourced from Wikipedia

Dstl is part of the

Challenge 1
Improving determination of unlawful
activity at sea

Dstl is part of the

What is the problem?
• RN vessels are tasked with interdicting vessels that are
involved in illegal activities
– such as piracy, transportation of weapons or terrorist activities.
• But vessels employed in illegal activities can look exactly the
same as those employed in legal activities

Commercial Dhow Pirate Dhow

Dstl is part of the

Current approach & issues
• Currently RN crew are required to board suspicious looking
craft and conduct a search for illegal cargo, or evidence of
illegal activities
– boarding is usually achieved using the ship’s RHIB
• Boarding a vessel at sea carries risk:
– the target crew may be armed
– there is often a language barrier
– there is the potential for mis-
understandings
• In short, boarding can be dangerous!
• Plus, current approach is time consuming
Dstl is part of the

I have come from the
What might help! local fishing village

I can’t under-
stand what you

• A mind-reading device are saying

(or a lie detector)
• A Babel Fish
• X-ray spectacles
• Note, these are intended to be suggestions to
stimulate ideas rather than be realistic MOD
requirements!

• Technologies are needed that can lead to:
• highlighting those targets of greatest interest
• reducing the numbers of boardings necessary
• reducing the risk to RN/RM crew

Dstl is part of the

Challenge 2
Improving the response to hostile
activity at sea

Dstl is part of the

• All RN crew have the right to use lethal effectors in self-defence
• In Maritime Security Operations use of lethal effectors is an act of last
resort
• Aspiration for a graduated and proportional response, because:
– the targets are not military
– they look civilian and legal
– they probably are civilian and legal
• Two distinctive cases:
– Exclusion Zone
keeping small craft away from an RN ship, or an area of interest
– Interdiction
ensuring small & large craft have slowed down, or come to a complete stop
so that a boarding can take place

Dstl is part of the

Exclusion zone
• Keeping unknown craft away from the ship
– level of response varying according to distance from the ship
– enable establishment of intent
– provide time for decision making

Area Denial

Non-Lethal Force

Robust Warning

Dstl is part of the

Interdiction
• Need to stop or slow down a craft
so that it can be boarded or
investigated
• Effect is required to be non-lethal
and non-destructive
• But, effect should be graduated and
proportional in response to the
suspect craft and their crew
– Priority is non-damaging response
– If the craft is damaged you are
responsible for its safe return to port

Dstl is part of the

What might help!
• Repellent force fields (or
other non-lethal effectors)
• A weather-control device
Green – must be OK
• Pinpointed warnings to approach
• Note, these are intended to be suggestions to
stimulate ideas rather than be realistic MOD
requirements!

• Technologies are
needed that can lead
to: • stopping the craft
• stopping the craft from getting too close
• providing a clear warning
• increasing time for decision making
Dstl is part of the

Challenge 3
Improving small arms accuracy
at sea

Dstl is part of the

Mk44 7.62mm Mini-Gun

• Primary weapon for Force Protection in
Maritime Security Operations are small
arms
– manually operated
– cheap and easy to stow away

L7A2 7.62mm GPMG
• How can we increase their performance?
– ensure small arms operators are well trained
and competent
– make the weapons easier to fire accurately
– increase the lethal effect

Dstl is part of the

Issues with training
• Guns are dangerous!
• Live fire training can be arranged but is not
straight forward
• Non-live fire is easier to arrange but is not
always representative

• For training to be useful you need to
measure performance
• Current approach, hits can only be counted
when the craft is brought ashore

Dstl is part of the

What might help!
• An automatic hit counter
• Augmented reality
• Remote targeting system

• Technologies are needed that
can lead to:
• prioritising training when and where it is needed
• improving marksmanship
• increasing the safety of RN/RM crew

Dstl is part of the

Proposals are invited that can
demonstrate a proof-of-concept to meet
one or more of the challenges

Dstl is part of the

A perspective from horizon
scanning

© Crown Copyright 2013. Published with the permission of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
on behalf of the Controller of HMSO. Dstl publication reference: DSTL/PUB69923.

Techniques for information access

• In searching, we describe what is (likely to be)
interesting before we retrieve it.

• In scanning, we realise what’s interesting after we’ve
retrieved it.

Dstl is part of the
UNCLASSIFIED Ministry of Defence
© Crown Copyright Dstl 2013

A RADAR
analogy

time

Dstl is part of the

Searching for excitement
Look for developments described as, eg…

 revolutionary  ground-breaking
 unprecedented  paves the way
 world’s first  closer to reality
 first time
 orders of magnitude  …
 paradigm
 previously impossible

Dstl is part of the

MARITIME
SECURITY

Surveillance, dete Psychological
ction and (determining
tracking intent)

Distraction, mis-
Sensing Robotics Sensors
information, illusion

Aerial Psychology Biometrics
Biometrics
vehicles

Marking or tagging Preventing
individuals and access
vessels

Materials Robotics NLW Robotics

Physical
Modelling Materials
barriers

Defence Training

Automatic Improved Cost
Weapons
control learning efficiency

Escape
Dstl is part of the

Novel propulsion
ContraPel
• a propeller system that works above the
waterline
• said to carry out “...all the functions of both
propellers and water-jets with none of the
drawbacks of either”
(credit: Hk kng, Wikipedia)

CycloGyro
• vertical takeoff and landing
• nearly unrestricted manoeuvrability
• no rotating items outside the airframe
• small outside dimension
• very low noise level compared with helicopters
• potentially low fuel consumption in gliding flight
• ability to reverse thrust for landing on moving
platforms
(credit: Seg9585, Wikipedia)
(adapted from http://d-dalus.com/en/home.html)
Please note: the appearance of this
technology in no way constitutes an
Dstl is part of the
UNCLASSIFIED
endorsement by Dstl or MOD. The original
Ministry of Defence
© Crown Copyright Dstl 2013 authors’ claims for the efficacy of their
developments are taken at face value.

Technology for marking/tracking
• In 2009, RFID micro-transponders were glued
to live ants in order to study their behaviour
(Bristol University).
• Hitachi produce an RFID chip that is just
0.05mm2
• But range is limited by antenna size...
(credit: Lightwarrior2, WikiPedia)

• ...University of Illinois and US company ChamTech
Operations have each developed nanoparticle
mixes that can be sprayed on to vertical objects to
act as antennae.
• The approach extended the readable range of an
RFID tag from 1.5 to 200m
Dstl is part of the
UNCLASSIFIED
Ministry of Defence

Determining intent
• US Navy said to be testing a
UAV helicopter with a new 3D
sensor package to identify
pirate vessels ‘hiding’ among (credit: Thomas Kretzer, DronePedia)
other shipping.
• But could a simpler Pilot View - video
UAV also play a role? transmitters to stream
images to a PC or smart
– Pilot View and/or phone
– Microphone and Tx
– Speech-to-speech translation Microphone and FM Tx
Range: up to 500 metres
– Remote biometrics Output : >60mW
– On-chip imaging RADAR,...
Dstl is part of the
UNCLASSIFIED
Ministry of Defence

• Bullet Flight App Training
(credit:
– Inputs hardware profile and weather data Editor182,
– provides highly detailed fire control solutions WikiPedia)

out to 3000m
– $29.99
• US Advanced Distributive Learning Initiative (ADL)
• Augmented/mixed reality
– US/ONR uses multiple sensors to determine a
trainee's viewpoint, while virtual
equipment and effects are
inserted into the real-world view
through glasses, goggles or a visor.
– AR-based training uses real physical
(credit: Antonio Zugaldia, (credit: Giovanni Vincenti,
WikiPedia)
devices so the trainee develops
WikiPedia)
sensorimotor skills.
Dstl is part of the
UNCLASSIFIED
Ministry of Defence

Technologies for illusion
• As a wild card, what are the long-term possibilities for
stand-off techniques that are capable of creating illusion,
deception and disorientation in a potential
attacker?
– Optical. A number of technical developments project
images into free space. Some require a scattering
medium such as fine water mist or smoke to provide
the ‘screen’, others attempt to operate without.
– ‘Direct retinal writing’, is already
incorporated into some advanced head (credit: WikiMedia.org)
up displays.
– Acoustic. Low-frequency beams can be achieved using
non-linear parametric transmission (e.g. ‘Audio Spotlight’).
– Pressure. Touchable holograms have been demonstrated
along with effects created by high pressure vortices.
(credit: OpenVoxel.org)
– Projected augmented reality?
Dstl is part of the
UNCLASSIFIED
Ministry of Defence

So what?!
• We hope that this short description of just a few
emerging technologies hints at the very wide range
of approaches that might be taken towards
improving maritime safety.
• In some situations, existing methods are struggling
to deliver the required performance.
• Truly innovative ideas are welcomed within this
CDE process.

Dstl is part of the

Strengthening the Security of
Maritime Operations
Examples, demonstrations and
what we are looking for in a winning
proposal

What are we looking for?
• We do want to fund
– De-risking of critical technologies or components
– System or sub-system testing in a simplified scenario
– System or sub-system testing in a maritime environment
– Adaptation of a mature technology to a maritime environment or a new
role
• We do NOT want to fund
– Generation of a paper study
– Development of a computer simulation
– Solutions that are likely to be unaffordable
– Work that is not challenging

Dstl is part of the

Challenge 1 – Improving determination of unlawful activity at sea

• We want proposals for breakthroughs in the way that unlawful activity can be
detected
• This could include detecting weapons and illegal cargo that may be concealed
• We do want
– Proposals that can be deployed at range from the RN ship
– Proposals that can be deployed from or away from the ship
– Exploitation of technologies from other areas
• We do not want
– Proposals that cause unintentional harm to the crew of the suspect craft
– Proposals that cause unintentional damage the suspect craft

Dstl is part of the

Challenge 1 – Improving determination of unlawful activity at sea

• Solutions to this challenge would mean
– the RN could target its interdictions more discriminatively
– lower risk to the safety of the ship’s crew
– lower risk to the safety of the crew of the suspect craft

Dstl is part of the

Challenge 2 – Improving the response to hostile activity at sea

• Case 1: Exclusion Zone.
• Case 2: Interdiction.

• We want proposals for new technology that can provide a graduated response to
a suspect craft and their crew
• We do want
– Proposals that can be deployed at range from the RN ship
– Proposals that can be deployed from or away from the ship
• We do not want
– Proposals that cause disproportional harm to the crew of the suspect craft
– Proposals that cause disproportional damage to the suspect craft

Dstl is part of the

Challenge 2 – Improving the response to hostile activity at sea

• Case 1: Exclusion Zone.
• Case 2: Interdiction.

– the RN could keep a suspect craft at an effective exclusion
range from the ship
– suspect craft could be handled appropriately
– lower risk to the safety of the ship and crew and other craft

Dstl is part of the

Challenge 3 – Improving small arms accuracy at sea

• Case 1: Training Aids
• Case 2: Weapon Aids

• We want proposals for new tools that enable operators to improve accuracy at sea
• This could include training aids or methods of providing feedback on marksmanship
accuracy
• We do want
– Proposals that can be employed at sea
– Proposals that enhance live fire and non-live training
• We do not want
– Proposals that would replace the current small arms
– Proposals that provide computer based training only

Dstl is part of the

Challenge 3 – Improving small arms accuracy at sea

• Case 1: Training Aids.
• Case 2: Weapon Aids.

– the RN would have feedback on how well the small arms
operators were able to engage the boat threat
– skilled performance and accuracy would be improved

Dstl is part of the

Call for proposals
• Proposals are invited from all parts of industry and
academia
• Proposals should focus on proof-of-concept
• No cap on value of proposals but
expect to fund proposals that offer innovation in both the
solution and the programme of work
• The proposed programme of work should
affordably demonstrate, or sufficiently prove, de-risking of
your solution

Dstl is part of the

Support
• MOD Technical Partner will be assigned to each project to
provide
Subject Matter Expertise
Interface with the defence and security community
GFX to support development and demonstration activity
• GFX could include
Provision of target craft
Access to small arms and mounts
Assistance in the running of trials on land and at sea
• GFX should be appropriate and clearly stated in the proposal
together with an option if it is not available

Dstl is part of the

Outputs
• Seeking proposals that:
• Offer The Royal Navy the greatest advantage in Maritime
Security Operations
• Offer You the opportunity to develop an understanding of the
maritime problem, and
new skills and knowledge that can be re-used inside and
outside maritime
• Solutions could cross the military and civilian divide and could
have application to non-military security operations in UK
waters
• Exploitation of successful proposals will be actively supported

Dstl is part of the

Know what is available

www.science.mod.uk/enterprise cde@dstl.gov.uk Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
UNCLASSIFIED / For Public Release
Crown Copyright Dstl 2012

Know what is available
Read available
information

Including CDE
manuals

Especially Quick Start
Guide

Ministry of Defence

Developing a CDE proposal

Ministry of Defence

Value from technology

Innovative Future
concept capability

PoC Incremental development

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence

Proposal health check


Contribution to future benefit

Health check
Based on a claim of future benefit
Contribution to realisation of future benefit
Logical programme of work
Evidential outcomes
Demonstration of progress towards goal

Government furnished X

Ministry of Defence

Deadline
Call closes:

17:00 hrs on
Monday 25 February 2013

Ministry of Defence

Call process queries
01235 438445
cde@dstl.gov.uk
www.science.mod.uk/enterprise


Call technical queries

dstlmaritimeinnovation@dstl.gov.uk

Ministry of Defence

Further information
www.science.mod.uk
Events and Calls > Current calls for proposals >
Strengthening the Security of Maritime Operations

Webinar – Tuesday 5 February 2013 14:30-15:30
Details on the call webpage
Email craig.cook@aadktn.co.uk to join
Ministry of Defence

Strengthening the Security of Maritime Operations - CDE themed call launch presentations 24 Jan 2013

Strengthening the Security of Maritime Operations - CDE themed call launch presentations 24 Jan 2013

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