1. EDITORIAL
GRAPHENEand DERIVATES : PHYSICO- CHEMICAL and TOXICOLOGY properties in
the m- Rna VACCINE MANIFACTURING STRATEGY
Needed specific proof of absence for the regulatory aspects
AUTHORS
1)Luisetto M IMA academy Marijnskaya , professorship toxicology , pharmacology
natural science branch italy
2) Tarro G ,President of the T & L de Beaumont Bonelli Foundation for Cancer
Research, Naples Italy
3) Edbey K, Professor, Departmentof Chemistry, Libya PhysicalChemistry,
University of Benghazi, Libya
Keywords : Graphene, covid -19 , m RNA, vaccine, side effects ,
toxicology,chemistry manifacturing tecnhnology and materials, contaminations,
impurity
Corresponding author :luisetto M maurolu65@gmail.com +393402479620 italy PC
29121
Abstract
Observing thefact that every year various registerd and authorized drugs are
recalled by the public regulatory agency ( in example last Ranitidin cases due by the
possibility of impurity presence of a cancerogenic sustantia ) it is interesting to
observethe innovative production strategy of somem RNA vaccine .

2. Also for the bio- technological drugs product the regulatory agency ask quality
stantard for impurity for the obiously safety implications.
The biotechnological drugs , as the classic chemical drugs , due by the complex
manifacturing process useraw material and industrialprocedurethat require
Great quality monitoring according the GMP normativerules.
So it is no to strange to discuss of impurities in this new kind of products
And also for the covid-19 vaccine.
Introduction
This work startby recent and really interesting new evicence ( DISINFECTIONad
Natura Docet Darkfield microscopeanalysis n 1/ 2022 ) and other research works
published also by university professors and other professionals . ( CAMPRA P
univerisy of ALMEIRA , YOUNG R O , YOUNG Mi LEE et al , GIOVANNINI F et al) .
Before of all it was done a review of interesting article related the chemico- physical
and toxicological property of graphene derivates ( also woks published before the
Covid-19 Pandemia) as well as distribution profile related the way of
subministration.
Itwas also analyzed ADR charactheristics that somerecent Covid-19 vaccinehave
reported in the pharmacovigilance center ( national and international ) .
Great attention was done towards the verify of the manifacturing technology used
in field od
m RNA vaccine since formthe research in oncology.
Fromliterature Grapheneand Grafene Oxide GO and other derivates are subjectof
many use in bio- technological research : in diagnostic field but also in production
and expecially in last decades.
Itis possibleto report Carrier or adiuvant or extractive property ( there are study
that show increase in immune responceafter their use) , and objectof research for
INTRA NASAL covid-19 vaccine.

3. Properties to improve RNA extraction- purification in manifacturing field.
( absrobtion property, increase RNA stability )
In someliterature are described use of pegylated nanolipids whit graphene oxide
In m RNA Vaccineresearch development. ( some producers can providethis raw
material and the technical and security sheet are easy available on internet ) .
On literature as well as by bio-technological producers there are variuos products
made of MAGNETIC MICROBEAS used for extraction of RNA derivates.
This are all use Knowed at today and easily verifible in biomedical database since
not suspicious times .
Interesting also to note as there is also a PREPRINT written by the CEO of a great
pharmaceutical industry that produces innovative covid-19 vaccineand other
researcher of the same indutry reportamong the reagent for production of a covid-
vaccine per non human primates magnetic micro beads . ( see reference on article
under publication as reported ).
(And on literature are reported article works about grapheneGO - magnetic
microbeads.).
Materials andmethods
With an observationalpoin of view some relevant literature is analyzed in order to
producea global conclusion related the topics of this work .
Results
Fromliterature :
Results
Are reported reference ( 1-46)

4. Discussion
So related to all of this , matching the evidence of sometest on vials of vaccine as
well as reseacth on dark filed miscrosocpy and related the fact that the toxicological
profile of this particles seem to correlate with the ADRreported ( rare thrombosys
, pericarditis and other ).
Also the chemico-phyicalproperties of this particles are so peculiar and make
possibleto give explanation of somephenomena.
According the authors it is clear that it is needed to deeply investigate this evidence
verifying the manifacturing technological process in order to clear if are presence
or not possible pollutants residues of production even if this are not declared and
reported on official techincal sheet and registered by public health authorities.
(In the raw materials , reagents of final product).
The pharmaceutical producers useoften to buy raw materials form other producers
The same author submitto the researcher to analyzea more wider and significative
number of vials of the various vaccinefor covid-19 , trought various and certified
independet laboratory and using the blind technique.
To confirm this proposalthere are the evidence collected in some university as in
some research study reported ( TURIN UNIVERSITY- CHEMISTRYfaculty ,
CAMPRA P. - UNIVERSITYOF ALMERIA professor CHEMICAL SCIENCE).
Regarding the contaminants it is of interest to report thay in 26 August2021 BBC
news Coronavirus pandemic Japan suspends 1.6 million Moderna doses over
contamination fears A staff of Japan"s supermarketgroup Aeon receives a doseof
the Moderna vaccine“Japan has suspended the use of about 1.63 million doses of
the Moderna vaccine due to contamination.
A metallic substantia the react with magnete finded in some lots .

5. Of interest finally to remember two recent italian judgesententia : PISA EFIRENZE
2022 it was recognized in one cause- effect relationship between a covid-19
vaccination and a Thromobocitopenia reaction in an 16 years old ,and in the other
case the judge written that this vaccine are experimental , Dna invasive, potentially
of irreversibleeffect and not prevedile at today .
Even if this drugs areofficially registered by regulatory agency during the last years
In example somecountries restricted uses of some covid-19 vaccinein determinate
subpopulation even initially not done .
The same some technical sheet was recomded to be updated by EMA PRAC
introducing some Rare ADR not presentin the first approved VACCINE oneor also
changed the name of the vaccinein order To update registrativedocuments
reporting new controindications.
Conclusion
As global concusion it is possibleto ask to the innovative vaccine producers to
provideofficial written proof of chemico-analytical absence of graphene and
derivates in the final vaccine product.( the same by the international regulatory
agency ).
The same to providefull clarification of the bio-technological manifacturing process
Even if there are patent of industrialsecret

6. REFERENCES
1)Campra, P. (2021, June28). Grapheneoxide detection in aqueous suspension:
Observationalstudy in optical and electron
microscopy.https://www.docdroid.net/rNgtxyh/microscopia-de-vial-corminaty-dr-
campra-firma-e-1-fusionado-pdf
2) Young, R. O. (2021, February 5). Scanning & Transmission Electron Microscopy
Reveals GrapheneOxide in CoV-19 Vaccines. Dr. Robert
Young. https://www.drrobertyoung.com/post/transmission-electron-microscopy-
reveals-graphene-oxide-in-cov-19-vaccines
3) Foreign Materials in Blood Samples of Recipients of COVID19 Vaccines
Young Mi Lee MD1, Sunyoung Park MD, PhD, IBCLC2, and Ki-Yeob Jeon MD, PhD,
ScD3
1 Hanna GynecologistClinic Doryeong-ro 7, KumgSung Building, 2nd Fl., Jeju, Jejudo,
63098, Republic of Korea (SouthKorea), Tel: +82-64-711-7717, E-mail:
youngmil95@gmail.com(ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1210-4726)
4) disinfection 1/ 2022 organo diA.T.T.A. (AssociazioneTossicologie Tecnici
Ambientali) Analisi al microsopio in campo scuro sulsanguedi 1006 soggetti
sintomatici dopo vaccinazionecon due tipi di vaccino a M rna
5)J. Phys. Mater. 3 (2020) 034009https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/ab9317
Journalof Physics: Materials
Graphene, other carbon nano-materials and the immune system:
toward nanoimmunity-by-design

7. Arianna Gazzi, Laura Fusco, Marco Orecchioni, Silvia Ferrari5, Giulia Franzoni
,J Stephen Yan, Matthias Rieckher, Guotao Peng, Matteo Andrea Lucherelli, Isabella
Anna Vacchi
,Ngoc Do Quyen Chau, Alejandro Criado, Akcan Istif, Donato Mancino, Antonio
Dominguez,Hagen Eckert, Ester V´azquez, Tatiana Da Ros, Paola Nicolussi6, Vincenzo
Palermo, Björn
Schumacher, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Yiyong Mai, Cecilia Clementi, Matteo Pasquali
,Xinliang Feng, Kostas Kostarelos, Acelya Yilmazer, Davide Bedognetti
, Bengt Fadeel ,Maurizio Prato Alberto Bia
6) Nanoscale. 2016 Feb 14;8(6):3785-95. doi: 10.1039/c5nr09208f. Epub 2016 Jan
27.
Functionalized grapheneoxide serves as a novelvaccine nano-adjuvantfor robust
stimulation of cellular immunity
Ligeng Xu , Jian Xiang, Ye Liu, Jun Xu, Yinchan Luo, Liangzhu Feng, Zhuang Liu, Rui
Peng DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09208f
7) ChemistryOpen. 2021 Jul;10(7):666-671. doi: 10.1002/open.202000200. Epub
2021 Apr 7.
A Novel Graphene Quantum Dot-Based mRNA Delivery Platform
Ya Liu , Changhong Zhao , Alan Sabirsh , Lilei Ye , Xiaoqiu Wu , Hongbin Lu , Johan Liu
DOI: 10.1002/open.202000200
8) The new era of vaccines: the “nanovaccinology
A. FACCIOLÀ, G. VISALLI, P. LAGANÀ, V. LA FAUCI, R. SQUERI,
G.F. PELLICANÒ, G. NUNNARI, M. TROVATO, A. DI PIETRO

8. European Review for Medical and PharmacologicalSciences 2019; 23: 7163-7182
9) Journal List FrontMed (Lausanne) v.8; 2021 PMC8211875
FrontMed (Lausanne). 2021; 8: 648005.
Large-Sized GrapheneOxide Nanosheets IncreaseDC–T-Cell Synaptic Contact and
the Efficacy of DC Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Qianqian Zhou,Hongjing Gu,Sujing Sun,Yulong Zhang,Yangyang Hou,Chenyan Li,Yan
Zhao,Ping Ma … See all authors
Firstpublished: 16 August2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202102528
10) 2021 Jun 4. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.648005
Nanomedicine: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to COVID-19
Arjun Sharma,KonstantinosKontodimas, and Markus Bosmann
11) Small Methods. 2021 Sep 15; 5(9): 2100402.
Published online 2021 Jul28. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202100402
Nano-technology‐Assisted RNA Delivery: From Nucleic Acid Therapeutics to COVID‐
19 Vaccines
Chiara Rinoldi, Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian, PawelNakielski, Xiaoran Li, Anna Liguori,
Francesca Petronella, Dario Presutti, Qiusheng Wang, Marco Costantini, Luciano
De Sio, Chiara Gualandi, Bin Ding, Filippo Pierini
12) InternationalJournalof Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research 2(1), May 10,
2021 Page| 38 WorseThan the Disease? Reviewing Some PossibleUnintended
Consequences of the mRNA Vaccines
AgainstCOVID-19StephanieSeneff1 and Greg Nigh IJVTPR

9. 13) Trends in molecular medicine e, July 2022, Vol. 28, No. 7
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007
Adverseeffects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines:
the spikehypothesis
Ioannis P. Trougakos , Evangelos Terpos, Harry Alexopoulos, Marianna Politou,
Dimitrios Paraskevis, Andreas Scorilas, Efstathios Kastritis, Evangelos Andreakos, and
Meletios A. Dimopoulos
14) Published: 31 October 2016
Toxicity of graphene-family nano-particles: a general review of the origins and
mechanisms
Lingling Ou, Bin Song, Huimin Liang, Jia Liu, Xiaoli Feng, Bin Deng, Ting Sun &
Longquan Shao
Particle and Fibre Toxicology volume13, Article number: 57 (2016)
15) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011Jul;3(7):2607-15. doi: 10.1021/am200428v.
Epub 2011 Jun 30.
Cytotoxicity of grapheneoxide and graphenein human erythrocytes and skin
fibroblasts
Ken-Hsuan Liao 1, Yu-Shen Lin, Christopher W Macosko, Christy L Haynes
DOI: 10.1021/am200428v
16) J Appl Toxicol. 2015 Oct;35(10):1211-8. doi: 10.1002/jat.3187. Epub 2015 Jun
23.
Accumulation and toxicity of intravenously-injected functionalized grapheneoxide in
mice

10. Kai-Ping Wen 1, Ying-Chieh Chen 2, Chia-Hui Chuang 2, Hwan-You Chang 3, Chi-
Young Lee 1, Nyan-Hwa Tai
DOI: 10.1002/jat.3187
17) ACS Nano. 2011 Jun 28;5(6):4987-96.doi: 10.1021/nn201092p. Epub 2011May
20. Thrombus inducing property of atomically thin graphene oxide sheets
Sunil K Singh 1, Manoj K Singh, Manasa K Nayak, Sharda Kumari, Siddhartha
Shrivastava, JoséJ A Grácio, Debabrata Dash
DOI: 10.1021/nn201092p
18) Nanoscale
Exploration of grapheneoxide as an intelligent platform for cancer vaccines†
Check for updates
Hua Yue, Wei Wei, Zonglin Gu, Dezhi Ni, Nana Luo, Zaixing Yang, Lin Zhao,
Jose Antonio Garate, Ruhong Zhou, Zhiguo Su and GuanghuiM
19) Nanoscale
Functionalized grapheneoxide serves as a novelvaccine nano-adjuvantfor robust
stimulation of cellular immunity† Check for updates
Ligeng Xu, Jian Xiang, Ye Liu, Jun Xu, Yinchan Luo, Liangzhu Feng,a Zhuang Liu
and Rui Peng
20) Intranasalvaccination with influenza HA/GO-PEI nano-particles provides
immune protection against homo- and heterologous strains
Chunhong Dong , Ye Wang, Gilbert X. Gonzalez, +5 , Yao Ma, Yufeng Song, Shelly
Wang , Sang-Moo Kang, Richard W. Compans, and Bao-Zhong Wang
Edited by Peter Palese, Icahn Schoolof Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York

11. May 3, 2021https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024998118 Vol. 118 | No. 19
21) Volume 2021 |ArticleID 5518999 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518999
Review Article
Grapheneas Nanocarrier in Drug Delivery
Federica Valentini, Andrea Calcaterra, Vincenzo Ruggiero,Mattia Di Giacobbe,
Maurizio Botta and Maurizio Talamo
JSM Nano-technology & Nanomedicine
22) J Control Release. 2016 Aug 10;235:222-235. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.007.
Epub 2016 Jun 4.
Efficient mRNA delivery with graphene oxide-polyethylenimine for generation of
footprint-freehuman induced pluripotent stem cells
Hye Yeon Choi , Tae-Jin Lee , Gwang-Mo Yang , Jaesur Oh , Jihye Won , Jihae Han ,
Gun-Jae Jeong Jongpil Kim , Jin-HoiKim , Byung-Soo Kim , Ssang-Goo Cho
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.007
23) Adv Drug Deliv Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 Oct1.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016 Oct1; 105(PtB): 109–144.
Published online 2016 May 3. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.028
Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nano-materials
Gaurav Lalwani,MichaelD’Agati, Amit Mahmud Khan, and Balaji Sitharaman

12. 24) Front. Med., 04 June 2021
Sec. Infectious Diseases –Surveillance, Prevention and Treatment
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.648005
This article is part of the Research Topic
Coronavirus Disease(COVID-19): Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical
Management and Public Health Response, Volume II
Nanomedicine: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to COVID-19
Arjun Sharma, Konstantinos Kontodimas and Markus Bosmann
25) Ahn, M.; Song, J.; Hong,
B.H. Facile Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as Novel
Transfection Agents for mRNA and pDNA. Nano-materials 2021, 11, 2816.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112816
26) Review Article
Assessmentof the toxic potential of graphenefamily nano-materials☆
Author links open overlay panelXiaoqingGuoNanMei
Journalof Food and Drug Analysis
Volume 22, Issue1, March 2014, Pages 105-11
27) Nano-materials (Basel). 2017 Mar 8;7(3):59. doi: 10.3390/nano7030059.
Chitosan-Functionalized GrapheneOxide as a Potential Immunoadjuvant
Ting Yan , Huijie Zhang , Dandi Huang , Shini Feng , Morihisa Fujita , Xiao-Dong Gao
DOI: 10.3390/nano7030059

13. 28) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020Sep 2;12(35):39014-39023. doi:
10.1021/acsami.0c12078. Epub 2020 Aug 24.
Lentinan-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Is an Effective Antigen Delivery System
That Modulates InnateImmunity and Improves AdaptiveImmunity
Zhenguang Liu , Jin He , Tianyu Zhu , Cong Hu , Ruonan Bo , Adelijiang Wusiman
Yuanliang Hu , Deyun Wang
29) ACS Nano. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05062. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
Efficient Lymph Node-Targeted Delivery of Personalized Cancer Vaccines with
Reactive Oxygen Species-Inducing Reduced GrapheneOxide Nanosheets
Cheng Xu , Hao Hong , Yonghyun Lee , Kyung Soo Park , Mingjiao Sun , Tianrui Wang
, Marisa E Aikins , Yao Xu , James J Moon
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05062
30) Turkey developing intranasalCOVID-19 vaccine.
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkey-developing-intranasal-covid-19-
vaccine/2192492
31) An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development
by Anna K. Blakney ,Shell Ip 2 andAndrew J. Geall
Academic Editor: Norbert Pardi
Vaccines 2021, 9(2), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020097

14. 32) nature reviews drug discovery review articles article
Published: 12 January 2018
mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology
Norbert Pardi, Michael J. Hogan, Frederick W. Porter & Drew Weissman
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
33) GrapheneOxide Conjugated Magnetic Beads for RNA Extraction
Dr. Xuan-Hung Pham,AhruemBaek,TaeHan Kim,Dr. Sang Hun Lee,Dr. Won-Yeop
Rho,Prof. Woo-JaeChung,Prof. Dong-Eun Kim,Prof. Bong-Hyun Jun
16 May 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201700554
Chemistry an ASIANjournal
34) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018Sep 12;10(36):30227-30234. doi:
10.1021/acsami.8b12522. Epub 2018 Aug 30.
GrapheneOxide as a Bifunctional Material toward Superior RNA Protection and
Extraction
Yuhui Liao , Xiaoming Zhou , Yu Fu , Da Xing
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12522
35) Preprint: A prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spikeRNA vaccine is highly immunogenic and
prevents lung infection in non-human primates bioRxiv preprintdoi:
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.08.280818
Annette B. Vogel, Isis Kanevsky, YeChe , Kena A. Swanson , Alexander Muik ,
Mathias Vormehr , Lena M. Kranz , Kerstin C. Walzer , Stephanie Hein , Alptekin
Güler , Jakob Loschko , Mohan S. Maddur , Kristin Tompkins , Journey Cole , Bonny
G. Lui , Thomas

15. Ziegenhals , Arianne Plaschke, David Eisel , Sarah C. Dany
, Stephanie Fesser, Stephanie Erbar , Ferdia Bates , Diana Schneider
, Bernadette Jesionek , Bianca Sänger , Ann-Kathrin Wallisch
, YvonneFeuchter, Hanna Junginger , Stefanie A. Krumm , André P. Heinen , Petra
Adams-Quack , Julia Schlereth , Christoph Kröner , Shannan Hall-Ursone
, Kathleen Brasky4 , Matthew C. Griffor, SeungilHan , Joshua A. Lees
, Ellene H. Mashalidis , Parag V. Sahasrabudhe, Charles Y. Tan
, Danka Pavliakova , Guy Singh , Camila Fontes-Garfias , Michael Pride
, Ingrid L. Scully , Tara Ciolino , Jennifer Obregon, Michal Gazi , Ricardo
Carrion, Jr. , Kendra J. Alfson , Warren V. Kalina , Deepak Kaushal
, Pei-Yong Shi5 , Thorsten Klamp , Corinna Rosenbaum
, Andreas N. Kuhn , ÖzlemTüreci, Philip R. Dormitzer ,
Kathrin U. Jansen , Ugur Sahin
Affiliations:
BioNTech, An der Goldgrube12, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
Pfizer, 401 N. Middletown Rd., Pearl River, NY 10965, United States;
Pfizer, 280 ShennecossettRd., Groton, CT 06340, United States;
SouthwestNational Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute,
8715 W.
Military Dr, San Antonio, TX 78227, United States;
University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555,
United States;
Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr, San Antonio, TX 78227,
United States;

16. TRON gGmbH – TranslationalOncology at the University Medical Center of the
Johannes
Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstraße12, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
Correspondence: Prof. Dr. Ugur Sahin, BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube12, 55131
Mainz, Tel: +49 6131 2161 201; Email: Ugur.Sahin@biontech.de
36) Mini-Review
25 October 2006
Magnetic particles for the separation and purification of nucleic acids
Sonja Berensmeier
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology volume 73, pages495–504 (2006)
37) Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Solid-PhaseExtraction for the Enrichment and
Detection of microRNA
He Yan, Youchun Xu, Ying Lu‡, and Wanli Xing
Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 19, 10137–10140
September 21, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03138
38) Advances in carbon nanostructure
Magnetic-Graphene-Based Nanocomposites and Respective Applications
Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova, Beatriz Ortega García, Boris Ildusovich Kharisovand
Ubaldo Ortiz Méndez

17. October 5th, 2016 DOI: 10.5772/64319
39) RSC Advances
DNA and RNA extractions from eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells by graphene
nanoplatelets Check for updates
Ehsan Hashemi, Omid Akhavan, Mehdi Shamsara, Sepideh Valimehra and Reza
Rahighib
40) Vaccine. 2021 Apr 15
2021 Mar 24. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.038
mRNA vaccines manufacturing: Challenges and bottlenecks
Sara Sousa Rosa, Duarte M.F. Prazeres, Ana M. Azevedo, and Marco P.C. Marquesb
41) In vitro Transcription on DNA Templates Immobilized to Streptavidin Coated
MagneSphereParamagnetic Particles
Mingyi Liu, David H Price
1997 JournalPromega Notes
42) Graphene-Coated Iron Nitride Streptavidin Magnetic Beads:
Preparation and Application in SARS-CoV-2 Enrichment
Jianxing Li , Minglian Wang , Runqing Jia , Zhuang Ma ,Xiaoxu Zhang , Jintao Li
,Xiangqian Xiao , Yunzhi Zhou , and Qun Wang

18. 43) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006
2006 Oct25. doi: 10.1007/s00253-006-0675-0
Magnetic particles for the separation and purification of nucleic acids
Sonja Berensmeier
44)Separation and Purification Technology
Volume 267, 15 July 2021, 118616
Separation and Purification Technology
RNase-freeRNA removaland DNA purification by functionalized magnetic particles
Yunhai Fu Qingmei Chen LiJia
45) ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 25 May 2020
Sec. Nanobiotechnology
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00421
Biointerfacing 2D Nanomaterials and Engineered Heterostructures
GrapheneOxide Nano-Concentrators Selectively Modulate RNA Trapping According
to Metal Cations in Solution
Valentina Palmieri, Lorena Di Pietro, Giordano Perini, Marta Barba, Ornella Parolini,
Marco De Spirito, Wanda Lattanzi and Massimiliano Papi

19. 46) Ouranidis, A.; Vavilis, T.;Mandala, E.; Davidopoulou, C.;Stamoula, E.;
Markopoulou, C.K.;Karagianni, A.; Kachrimanis, K.
mRNA Therapeutic Modalities Design, Formulation and Manufacturing under
Pharma 4.0
Principles. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 50.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010050