Learn about Type I Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome, an incredibly rare autoimmune disorder often characterized by inefficiencies in the adrenal gland.

1. Type I Polyglandular
Autoimmune
Syndrome

2. 3 Major Symptoms of
PGA-I
 1. Mucocutaneous candidiasis
 Recurring fungal infections.
 2. Hyperparathyroidism
 Tingling sensation in lips and digits.
 Muscle pain, fatigue, and cramping.
 3. Addison Disease of adrenal gland
 Loss of appetite
 Low blood pressure
 Skin color changes
Addison’s Disease

3. Diagnosis
 Destruction of endocrine tissues.
 Symptoms of fungal infections may become chronic.
 May also develop hypogonadism, alopecia, chronic
hepatitis, chronic atrophic gastritis, vitiligo, malabsorption.
Mucocutaneous candidiasis Vitiligo

4. Causes and Risk Factors
 Inherited genetically, mutation in the short arm of chromosome 21.
 Risk Factors
 Reproducing in your own ethnicity.
 Females have a higher rate because of an X-linked inheritance
factor.
 Often diagnosed in kids 3-5 or early adolescence.

5. Epidemiology*
Last mass-recorded occurrence in U.S. in 1999, with 16 patients.
Highest record internationally was found in 1 case per 25,000 Finnish.
ETHNICITES WITH THE HIGHEST RISK RATE OF DIAGNOSIS
Iranian Jews: 1 in 6,500 to 9,000
Sardinians: 1 in 14,000
Finns: 1 in 25,000
Slovenians: 1 in 43,000
Norwegians: 1 in 80,000 to 90,000
Poles: 1 in 129,000
*It’s not contagious or spread, but rather genetically inherited.

6. Treatments and Prognosis
Treatments
 Adrenal gland transplants have had success.
 Vitamin/ mineral hormonal replacement therapy
 Fluconazole to create mucocutaneous candidiasis.
 Oral calcium and vitamin D to help hyperparathyroidism.
 Steroids like prednisone to create hypotension of Addison’s
Disease.
 Prognosis:
 Varies. Depends on which organs are infected.
 If caught early and properly monitored, patients can have
normal lives (includes possibility of producing healthy children).

7. Bibliography
 Addison's Disease. Digital image. Medical Pictures Info. Medical Pictures Info, 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.
 Aldasouqi, Saleh A., MD. "Type I Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ."Medscape. Ed. George T. Griffing,
MD. WebMD LLC, 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.
 Cihakova, Daniela, MD, PhD. "Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type 1 (PAS-1)."Johns Hopkins
Autoimmune Disease Research Center. John Hopkins University School of Medicine, 10 Sept. 2001. Web.
12 Mar. 2014.
 Detailed Analysis of an Idic(Y)(q11.21) in a Mosaic Karyotype. Digital image.Spandidos Publications.
Spandidos Publications, 29 May 2012. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.
 Genetics Home Reference. "Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Type 1." Autoimmune Polyglandular
Syndrome, Type I. Genetics Home Reference, Aug. 2007. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
 Gladerma SA. Mucocutaneous Candidiasis. Digital image. DermQuest. GalDerma, 16 Mar. 2003. Web. 17
Mar. 2014.
 "Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type 1." Counsyl. Counsyl, 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.
 World Vitiligo Day – June 25. Digital image. VITSAF. Vitiligo Support and Awareness Foundation, 2011. Web.
17 Mar. 2014.

8. Philosophy of Composition
 Color Schemes
 White text against a solid color is easily read by the audience.
 The PowerPoint theme seemed to have an intriguing visual scheme.
 The red bar in the right-hand corner is merely a part of the theme, most likely for creating
animations and page jumps within the PowerPoint slides.
 Pictures
 Desired to adequately show each major symptom and cause, and give an example to
resulting symptoms caused by a diagnosis.
 Pictures representing the symptoms are labeled with text.
 Transitions
 I chose to include only fade transitions because I felt other ones would be distracting.
 Spacing and Position
 Desired to keep text in line with title, and pictures relatively in center.
 Text Schemes
 Desired for each text box to be readable, but within the same size standard for all slides
at 20 point for text and 54 for title. However, the BIBLIOGRAPHY page had too much
content to keep to standard.