Shortly described about Liver and Kidney Disease

1. Kidney and Liver Diseases
Presented by-
Md. Imran Hossain

2. Overview
• Kidney disease
• The types of kidney disease
• The symptoms of kidney disease
• The risk factors for developing kidney disease
• Kidney disease diagnosis
• Kidney disease treatment and prevention
• Liver Diseases
• Symptoms of Liver Diseases
• Causes of Liver Diseases
• Risk Factor of Liver Disease
• Prevention of Liver Disease

3. Kidney disease
• The kidneys are a pair of fist-sized organs located at the bottom of the rib cage
• They are mainly responsible for filtering waste products, excess water, and other
impurities out of the blood
• Diseases occur when our kidneys become damaged and can’t perform their function
• Damage may be caused by diabetes, high blood pressure, and various other chronic
conditions
• Kidney disease can lead to other health problems, including weak bones, nerve
damage, and malnutrition

4. Fig: Kidney Stone Disease.

5. The types of kidney disease
• Chronic kidney disease
– It’s commonly caused by high blood pressure. High blood pressure is dangerous for
the kidneys because it can increase the pressure on the glomeruli.
• Kidney stones
– It occurs when minerals and other substances in the blood crystallize in the kidneys,
forming solid masses.
– Kidney stones usually come out of the body during urination

6. CONT.
• Glomerulonephritis
• Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli
• Glomerulonephritis can be caused by infections, drugs, or congenital abnormalities
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts to grow
in the kidneys. These cysts can interfere with kidney function and cause kidney
failure
• Urinary tract infections
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections of any part of the urinary
system. Infections in the bladder and urethra are the most common

7. The symptoms of kidney disease
• Fatigue
• Difficulty concentrating
• Trouble sleeping
• Poor appetite
• Muscle cramping
• Swollen feet or ankles
• Puffiness around the eyes in the morning
• Dry, scaly skin
• Frequent urination, especially late at night

8. The risk factors for developing kidney disease
• Have high blood pressure
• Have other family members with chronic kidney disease
• Diabetic

9. Kidney disease diagnosis
• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
– This test will measure how well our kidneys are working and determine the stage
of kidney disease.
• Ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) Scan
• Kidney biopsy
• Urine test
• Blood creatinine test

10. Kidney disease treatment and prevention
• Control diabetes through insulin injections
• Cut back on foods high in cholesterol
• Cut back on salt
• Start a heart-healthy diet that includes fresh fruits, veggies, whole grains, and low-fat
dairy products
• Quit smoking
• Increase physical activity
• Lose weight

11. Liver Diseases
• The liver is essential for digesting food and ridding our body of toxic substances.
• Liver disease can be inherited or caused by a variety of factors that damage the liver,
such as viruses and alcohol use.
• Obesity is also associated with liver damage.
• Over time, damage to the liver results in cirrhosis, this can lead to liver failure known
as a life-threatening condition .

13. Symptoms of Liver diseases
• Skin and eyes that appear yellowish (jaundice)
• Abdominal pain and swelling
• Swelling in the legs and ankles
• Itchy skin
• Dark urine color
• Pale stool color, or bloody or tar-colored stool
• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite

14. Causes of liver diseases
• Infection
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• Immune system abnormality
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Genetics
• Hemochromatosis
• Wilson's disease
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
• Cancer and other growths
• Other
• Chronic alcohol abuse
• Fat accumulating in the liver such as
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

15. Risk factors in liver diseases
• Heavy alcohol use
• Injecting drugs using shared needles
• Tattoos or body piercings
• Blood transfusion
• Exposure to other people's blood and body
fluids
• Unprotected sex
• Exposure to certain chemicals or toxins
• Diabetes
• Obesity

16. Prevention of liver diseases
• We should avoid risky behavior.
• Get vaccinated.
• Use medications wisely.
• Avoid contact with other people's blood and body fluids
• Take care with aerosol sprays.
• Protect the skin. When using insecticides and other toxic chemicals, wear gloves, long
sleeves, a hat and a mask.
• Maintain a healthy weight. Obesity can cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

18. Thank You