Dr. Eric Lugada. M.B.Ch.B, PhD Medical Epidemiologist. Transformational leader in the global/public health. Program Director - Department of Defence HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (DHAPP) Uganda. University Research Co., LLC (URC) and Center for Human Services (CHS), Kampala, Uganda.
2. Epidemiology
• Incidence, distribution, and possible control of
diseases
• Analysis of the distribution (who, when, and
where) & determinants of health and disease
conditions in defined populations.
• Attempt to determine factors are associated
with; diseases (risk factors) & protection
against disease (protective factors)
3. Biomedical science
• Set of applied sciences; natural science or formal
science
• physiology, anatomy, microbiology, pathology,
pharmacology, biochemistry
• Apply knowledge, interventions & technology in
healthcare & public health
• build competency to diagnosis, manage and prevent
disease
• health monitoring, product development, biomedical
research & innovation, medical education
4. Uganda’s disease burden
• Dual burden of both infectious and non-communicable diseases
• Infectious:
• National HIV prevalence 6.2% (F:7.6, M:4.7) UPHIA 2016/17
• Uganda has the world's highest malaria incidence, 478
cases per 1,000 population per year. Ranked 6th among
African countries
• Non-communicable disease:
• 24.3% adults have hypertension, 1.3% have diabetes and 5%
of the pop is obese (WHO 2014)
• 3 cases of cancer per 1000 (WHO 2017)
5. disease burden
• Dominated by communicable diseases,
account for over 50% of morbidity and
mortality
• Malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB, respiratory tract
infections and diarrheal diseases
• Epidemic-prone and vaccine-preventable
diseases are the leading causes of illness and
death
• Cholera, measles, Hepatitis A, B &E, ebola
6. Cause
• Lifestyle habits; smoking, multiple sexual
partners, sedentary life styles, excessive
alcohol & poor food
• Poor health systems; 51% rural pop no
access to health care
• Insufficient health workers
• Inadequate drugs & medical supplies
7. CAUSE
• Inadequate controls; substandard, spurious,
falsely labelled, falsified or counterfeit
medicines
• Emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to
the rampant inappropriate use of medicines
• Irrational prescription practices
• Unreliable health information; quality,
timeliness and completeness of data
8. Cause
• Lack of resources to recruit, deploy, motivate
and retain human resources for health
• Lack of a functional national disease
surveillance system
• Inadequate and inappropriate national health
planning
• Poor quality of the health care services
9. outlook
• 75% of life years lost to premature death
across Uganda due to preventable diseases
• Perinatal & maternal-related conditions,
malaria, acute respiratory infections,
diarrhea, HIV/AIDS, TB & malaria.
• 76% of the disease burden is preventable
10. Health care challenges
• New and emerging infectious diseases
• Changing disease patterns
• Demographic changes
• Rising costs of health care
• Globalisation
11. Solution
• Health promotion
• Disease prevention
• Biomedical interventions; immunization,
VMMC
• Timely and appropriate treatment against
fever, diarrhea and pneumonia
• Access to HIV/AIDS control and prevention
services
12. Solution
• Early detection and response to disease
outbreaks
• Construction of sanitary facilities and the
promotion of good hygienic practices
• Increased access to preventive and curative
Primary Health Care services
13. Strengthen health systems
• Leadership and governance
• Health financing
• Human resources for health
• Health services delivery
• Health information systems
• Access to essential medicines
14. Biomedical interventions
• HIV:
• VMMC, HIV post-exposure prophylaxis,
community sensitization on condom use &
distribution
• Biomedical waste management
• Infection control; injection safety