The document provides information on the use of infinitives and gerunds after certain verbs and expressions in English. It explains that infinitives are used after modal verbs like "may" and "can", as well as verbs like "decide" and "want". Gerunds are used as subjects and objects, after prepositions, and with expressions like "like" and "enjoy". The document also discusses some verbs that can take either a gerund or infinitive with a change in meaning, such as "forget" and "remember". Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the rules.
2. to express purpose
(answering the question WHY?)
I’m saving up to buy a present for my sister.
She’s going to the gym to lose weight.
3. INFINITIVE with to is used…
after some adjectives
surprised, delighted, disappointed, easy,
happy, important, lucky, necessary, normal,
possible
I was delighted to hear she finally got the job.
It is normal to feel nervous before an exam.
It is easy to find a parking spot at this time of the day.
4. INFINITIVE with to is used…
after certain verbs
agree, afford, appear, arrange, ask, choose,
decide, deserve, expect, help, hesitate, hope,
learn, manage, need, offer, prepare,
pretend, promise, refuse, seem, would like,
want:
He decided to stay for some more days.
She refused to go to the new dentist.
They deserve to win the competition.
5. INFINITIVE with TOO and
ENOUGH
too + adjective + infinitive
She is too young to vote.
Adjective + enough + infinitive
They are old enough to vote.
6. Use the INFINITIVE without TO…
(bare infinitive)
• After modal verbs
She may be clever but she is mot very friendly
• With some other verbs like make and let
Javier made Pablo cry
Let me know if you don’t understand
7. GERUND is used…
as the subject or complement of
a clause or sentence
• Smoking makes me feel dizzy.
• My favourite sport is swimming.
8. GERUND is used…
after prepositions
She’s not interested in getting married.
I’m not very good at driving.
9. GERUND is used…
verbs expressing likes and dislikes:
Like, love, adore, hate, detest,
dislike, enjoy, prefer
• and after certain verbs:
Admit, advise, suggest, finish,
imagine, involve, mind, stop,
be worth
10. GERUND is used…
• Be used to
• Get used to
• Can’t help
• Can’t stand
• Adapt to
• Feel like
• It’s no use
• Keep on
• Look forward to
…after these common expressions
11. Verbs followed by either the
gerund or the infinitive
Like, love, hate, prefer are usually
followed by the gerund. However, the
infinitive is also possible.
I love to sunbathe/sunbathing
Begin, start, continue, intend are
followed by the gerund or infinitve with
no change in meaning:
When I arrived it started to
rain/raining.
12. Verbs followed by either the
gerund or the infinitive with a
change of meaning:
forget
remember
regret
stop
13. Remember and forget
I still remember buying my first bike.
I’ll never forget meeting the Queen.
They look back at the past, at things
one did
16. You must remember to pick up Mrs
Lewis from the station.
Don’t forget to buy some milk.
They look forward in time, at things
one still has to do
17. You must remember that you have to fetch Mrs
Lewis from the station.
19. A. I remember feeding the cat.
B. I must remember to feed the cat.
A B
20. I remember
feeding the cat
(after school, when we
still lived in the
countryside).
I must
remember to
feed the cat
(before we leave.)
21. 1. I’ll never forget seeing U2 in concert.
2. Don’t forget to phone me if you need any help.
Which form is used “to recall a previous action”?
Which form is used “to remember what you have
to do”?
22. 1. I’ll never forget seeing U2 in concert.
2. Don’t forget to phone me if you need any help.
Which form is used “to recall a previous action”?
the gerund
Which form is used “to remember what you have
to do”?
the infinitive
23. I regret leaving school at 14 – It was
a great mistake.
It looks back at the past, at something
you are sorry that you did
= I wish ....
...I hadn’t left school
24. • We regret to inform passengers that
the 14.50 train is one hour late.
It is used in announcements of bad
news
25. 1. I regret seeing that film, it was so boring!
2. We regret to inform you that we are unable
to repair your car.
Which sentence means that “you are sorry for
what you are going to say?
Which sentence means “to be sorry for a previous
action”?
26. 1. I regret seeing that film, it was so boring!
2. We regret to inform you that we are unable
to repair your car.
Which sentence means that “you are sorry for
what you are going to say?
Number 2 = to infinitive
Which sentence means “to be sorry for a previous
action”?
Number 1 = gerund
30. Let’s practise!
• It's often hard to remember …………
vitamin pills. (TAKE)
• It's often hard to remember to take
vitamin pills.
31. Let’s practise!
• I’ll never forget …………..Halloween with
my grandparents when I was a child.
(CELEBRATE)
32. Let’s practise!
• I’ll never forget …………..Halloween with
my grandparents when I was a child.
(CELEBRATE)
• I’ll never forget celebrating Halloween
with my grandparents when I was a child.
34. Let’s practise!
• I have always regretted ………. up my
piano lessons.(GIVE)
• I have always regretted giving up my piano
lessons
35. Let’s practise!
• The management regrets ………. you that your contract
will not be renewed next month. (INFORM)
36. Let’s practise!
• The management regrets ……….you that your contract
will not be renewed next month. (INFORM)
• The management regrets to inform you that your contract
will not be renewed next month.
37. • He was accused of murdering / to murder
his boss
50. 1 I enjoy to swim
Which is correct ?
2 I enjoy swimming.
51. 1 I enjoy to swim
Which is correct ?
2 I enjoy swimming.
52. 1 I want to study
Which is correct ?
2 I want studying
53. 1 I want to study
Which is correct ?
2 I want studying
54. 1 I finished eating
Which is correct ?
2 I finished to eat
55. 1 I finished eating
Which is correct ?
2 I finished to eat
56. 1 I need to go shopping
Which is correct ?
2 I need going shopping
57. 1 I need to go shopping
Which is correct ?
2 I need going shopping
58. 1 I hope seeing you soon
Which is correct ?
2 I hope to see you soon
59. 1 I hope seeing you soon
Which is correct ?
2 I hope to see you soon
60. 1 I stopped to smoke
Which is correct ?
2 I stopped smoking
61. 1 I stopped to smoke
Which is correct ?
2 I stopped smoking
62. 1 The city is planning to increase the budget.
Which is correct ?
2 The city is planning increasing the budget.
63. 1 The city is planning to increase the budget.
Which is correct ?
2 The city is planning increasing the budget.
64. 1 The doctor advised his patient to do more
exercise
Which is correct ?
2 The doctor advised his patient doing more
exercise
65. 1 The doctor advised his patient to do more
exercise
Which is correct ?
2 The doctor advised his patient doing more
exercise
66. 1 They were surprised to find their son still in
bed
Which is correct ?
2 They were surprised finding their son still in
bed
67. 1 They were surprised to find their son still in
bed
Which is correct ?
2 They were surprised finding their son still in
bed
68. Which is correct ?
2 The teacher suggested to read books
regularly
1 The teacher suggested reading books
regularly
69. Which is correct ?
2 The teacher suggested to read books
regularly
1 The teacher suggested reading books
regularly
70. Which is correct ?
2 We are getting used to living in our new house
1 We are getting used to live in our new house
71. Which is correct ?
2 We are getting used to living in our new
house
1 We are getting used to live in our new house
72. You can find a list of verb
patterns on page 164 of your
book.
73. ___ TO GO ____ GO ___ GOING
choose can
decide
enjoy
expect
hatelet (me)
lovemake (me)
manage may
might
(don’t) mind
must
need
plan
promise
refuse should
stop
want
would like
88. Psychologists think that _________ violent videos
makes some children become interested in
____________ crimes. (watch, commit)
89. Psychologists think that _________ violent videos
makes some children become interested in
____________ crimes. (watch, commit)
watching
committing
