Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Cathy King. 2020. “The Evolving Collection and Shift to Open.” Presented at the Research Information Exchange, February 14, 2020, Melbourne, Australia.

1. The Evolving Collection
and Shift to Open
LYNN SILIPIGNI CONNAWAY, PH.D. – DIRECTOR OF LIBRARY TRENDS AND USER RESEARCH
CATHY KING – EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, DELIVERY SERVICES

2. Executive Director, Delivery Services
Cathy King
Director, Library Research and User Trends
Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Ph.D.

3. Defining Open Content
• Digital​
• Accessible immediately and online​
(no technical barrier)
• Freely available
(no authorization or cost barrier)
• Fully reusable in a digital environment​
(no rights barrier)

4. OCLC Research
oclc.org/research/publications

5. The Open Content Survey
• Broad scope, both in topic and participants
• Designed to engage a global library audience to:
Build a common foundation
for cooperation to widen
access to free, online content
Explore current library
investment in open content
Map and align their
open content efforts

6. Survey Response
705 responses from 82 countries
• 72% are Research and University libraries
• 91% are currently involved in Open Content activities
• Data collected November 12, 2018 – January 31, 2019

7. Total Responses by Region
49% (346)
Americas 15% (106)
Asia Pacific
36% (256)
EMEA

8. Total Responses by Library Type
• 72% from Research
and University
• 8% from Other
Educational

9. Impact of Open Access
"One of the biggest challenges for those of us in academia is how to
convince academics who want to publish that open access
publications are worthwhile, and not predatory." (Librarian, Ghana)
"We have a natural shift in focus to open educational resources and a
reaction to the continuing rising costs of subscription and purchased
content. Open content is a legitimate option to consider." (Librarian,
China)
"Open Access fees are consuming an increasing part of our budget
and now get an explicit line item." (Librarian, United States)
National Library of Australia

10. Impact of Open Access
“As academics, we're not judged on how much we published; it's on
how much other people are citing our work. That really makes me
think about making my work more accessible, which means
publishing in journals that are not behind these paywalls where
people have to be fortunate enough to be at a university that
subscribes to that journal. I want people to read my work who are
not at a university at all.”
(Australian University Faculty, Female, Age 45-54, Social Sciences)
National Library of Australia

11. Content – Collections Grid
Low stewardship High stewardship
In many collections
In few collections
Published Materials,
Licensed/Purchased
(books, journals, databases,
audiobooks)
Special Collections,
Local Digitization
(institutional repositories,
dissertations, archives)
Research and
Learning Materials
(courseware, textbooks,
research datasets/projects)
Open Web
Resources
(OA aggregations, social
media, blogs)

12. The Evolving Collection Landscape
The
Inside-Out
Collection
The
Facilitated
Collection
The
Collective
Collection
Reconfiguration of
research work
Reconfiguration of
information space
Reconfiguration of
library collaboration

13. • Devote more attention to system-wide organization of
collections
– “System” is a consortium, a region or a country
• “Collective collection”
– More focused attention on collective development, management and
disclosure of collections across groups of libraries
Dempsey, Lorcan. 2013. The Emergence of the Collective Collection: Analyzing Aggregate Print Library
Holdings. http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2013/2013-09intro.pdf
The Collective Collection
University of Adelaide

14. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Maturity > 3 yrs No source of
investment
Budget line item FTE Very successful Accelerate
impact
University & Research Libraries:
State of open content activities
Digital Collections Library Digitizing Collections Deep interactions wtih open content
OCLC Global Council 2019 Open Content Survey
Key Insight:
Digitizing print collections:
• Deeply invested
• Mature
• Well-resourced
• Very successful
• Desire to accelerate
impact
The Collective Collection

15. • “Libraries increasingly support the creation, curation and
discoverability of institutional creations
– Research data, preprints, scholarly profiles, academic profiles,
digitized special collections, …”
– Universities want to share these materials with rest of world
• Differentiates universities from each other
Dempsey, L., 2016. Library collections in the life of the user: two directions. LIBER Quarterly, 26(4),
pp.338–359. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10170
The Inside Out Collection
Griffith University

16. OCLC Global Council 2019 Open Content Survey
Key Insight:
Investing in scholarly
communication:
• IRs: Most resourced
and successful
• Support for authors,
less resourced but
desire to accelerate
The Inside Out Collection
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Maturity > 3 yrs No source of
investment
Budget line item FTE Very successful Accelerate
impact
University & Research Libraries:
State of open content activities
Institutional repository Supporting authors Publishing Bibliometrics Data services

17. Increasingly, the library does not assemble collections for
local use, but facilitates access to a coordinated mix of
local, external and collaborative services assembled
around user needs and available on the network.
Dempsey, L., 2016. Library collections in the life of the user: two
directions. LIBER Quarterly, 26(4), pp.338–359.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10170
The Facilitated Collection
Monash University

18. OCLC Global Council 2019 Open Content Survey
Key Insight:
Promoting Discovery:
• Accelerate strategy to
make content openly
accessible
The Facilitated Collection
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Maturity > 3 yrs No source of
investment
Budget line item FTE Very successful Accelerate
impact
University & Research Libraries:
State of open content activities
Supporting users/instructing/digital literacy programs
Selecting open content NOT managed by my library
Promoting the discovery of open content

19. Academic Library Open Content Activities: An Analysis of OCLC Global Council Survey Findings (2020, Titia van der Werf)

20. http://orweblog.oclc.org/the-facilitated-collection-redux-a-note-on-collections-as-a-service-the-university-of-california-and-elsevier/
Example of the Facilitated Collection

21. The
Expectation
of
Now

22. Keeping the User at the Center
Delightful Experience

23. Competing with Illegal Convenience
Source: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone

24. Key Survey Findings
• Interest is growing, Support is strong
• Need for assessment, advocacy, and data
policies at scale
• Research on discoverability and the
standardization of metadata is top of mind

25. 10%
16%
12%
11%
19%
55%
50%
55%
63%
57%
36%
34%
34%
26%
24%
Assessment (n=176)
Selecting open content not managed by the
library (n=302)
Digital Collections Library (n=294)
Deep interactions with open content (n=133)
Promoting the discovery of open content
(n=355)
OCLC supports my library's efforts I see a role for OCLC to support I do not see a role for OCLC to support
Where respondents see OCLC’s Role

26. OCLC’s Open Content Commitment
• Increase access to diverse open content
• Integrate open content into OCLC services
Find out more at oclc.org/research/presentations
The
Shift to
Open

27. OCLC’s Open Content Partners

28. • OERs from reputable institutions
(i.e., textbooks)
• Archives and Special Collections
(i.e., cultural heritage materials)
• IRs and disciplinary repositories
(i.e., research outputs)
Educational and Digitized Content
650+ free, peer-
reviewed, and
openly-licensed
textbooks
Free access to 24M
cultural heritage
resources

29. Open Collections
~500collections with
~5M OA records,
curated by libraries & providers
67M+

30. Improving and Standardizing Metadata
MARC proposal for identifying
OA links
• Designates Access to Online
Resources in Field 856
• Scales to millions of records in
WorldCat
• Increases likelihood of OA link

31. Catering to Lifelong Learners

32. Providing Seamless Access in WorldCat Discovery
Points to more than
25M+ freely
available articles

33. Expanded Visibility
• Streamlining ILL with open
content for fast access
• Showing OA at point of use
• Inspired by OA Button’s
InstantILL prototype (pictured)

34. Intuitive. Smart. Personal
oc.lc/open

35. Questions?

36. Lynn Silipigni
Connaway, Ph.D.
connawal@oclc.org
Cathy King
kingc@oclc.org