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PUB5754 Finding Empirical Evidence
1. Finding Empirical
Evidence
PUB5754 – Clinical Epidemiology
Finding Empirical
Evidence
PUB5754 – Clinical Epidemiology
Lucia Ravi
Librarian
Medical and Dental Library
Lucia Ravi
Librarian
Medical and Dental Library
2. Research Purpose
Develop a health promotion review that addresses a core
risk factor associated with NCD’s using empirical evidence
•Impact and consequence of the health risk factor in Australia
(500 words)
•Known causes of the risk factor and population burden based
on review papers (1200 words)
•Summary of known preventative actions - focus no more then 4
intervention strategies using high level EBP (1800 words)
Assessment Summary:
3. Research Skills
– Construct an effective search strategy
– Know what types of medical resources are
available and how to search them
– Understand the different levels of hierarchies
of evidence available to them;
– focus your search strategy on high level,
synthesised sources of evidence
Relevant Search Skills:
4. Search Strategy
Risk Factor: impact, causes, context in Australia
Identifying key concepts, terms:
Unhealthy Eating Impact Australia
“poor diet” causes
consequences
reasons
Western Australia
WA
5. Search Strategy
Risk Factor: impact, causes, context in Australia
Adding Boolean logic, truncation and phrases:
“Unhealthy Eating”
OR
Impact
OR
Australia
OR
“poor diet”
Nutrition
Obesity
Obes*e/ity
causes
consequences
Reason*s
epidemiology
Etiology
Western Australia
WA
Austral* ia, ian, s
• Use quotations “…….” to search for a phrase
• Use asterix * to find all term derivatives
• Use OR to search for/identify all similar concepts
• Use AND to combine concepts and identify results that include both
AND
AND
6. Boolean Logic
AND retrieves all the articles with both
‘Diabetes’ and ‘Indigenous’
OR retrieves all the articles containing either
‘Aboriginal’ or ‘Indigenous’ or both
NOT retrieves all the articles containing
‘Indigenous’ but not those about
‘Canada’
7. Search Tips
Phrases and Truncation:
smok* = smoke, smoker, smoking
Austral* = Australia, Australian, Australians,
Australasian
4. Use Quotation Marks for Phrases
“cigarette smoking”
8. Search Strategy
Constructing a search string
(“unhealthy eating” OR “poor diet” OR obes*)
AND
(“austral*)
AND
(impact OR cause* OR epidemiology OR etiology OR
aetiology)
In most databases enclosing terms in brackets will help order
how concepts will be searched.
10. Search Tips Grey Literature
Have a go:
Search one of the sources
•AIHW
•ABS
•WHO
Identify one possible item
Share with a neighbour
YouTube Link
11. Research Purpose
Develop a health promotion review that addresses a core
risk factor associated with NCD’s using empirical evidence
•Impact and consequence of the health risk factor in Australia
(500 words)
•Known causes of the risk factor and population burden based
on review papers (1200 words)
•Summary of known preventative actions - focus no more then 4
intervention strategies using high level EBP (1800 words)
Assessment Summary:
12. Search Databases
Australian Context
Have a go:
Search one of the sources
•AUSTHealth
•Heath & Medical
Complete
•CINAHL Plus
Identify one possible item
Save or send an item
Share with a neighbourYouTube Link
14. Hierarchy of Evidence
The hierarchy of evidence is:
•A hierarchy of the likely best evidence
•Designed to be used as a shortcut by busy
clinicians and researchers to find the best evidence
•Assists researchers to conduct their own rapid appraisal
University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. (2011). The 2011 Oxford CEBM levels of evidence: introductory
document. Retrieved from:
http://www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-Introduction-2.1.pdf
17. Evidence Based Guidelines and
Summaries
• Developed by synthesising the highest
level of evidence available
• Provide recommendations supported
by that evidence
• May take into account resources and
practices relevant to the organisation
• Concise and clinically relevant
18. Hierarchy of Evidence
National Health and Medical Research Council. (2009). NHMRC Levels of Evidence and
Grades for Recommendations for Developers of Clinical Practice Guidelines. Retrieved from:
https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/guidelines/developers/nhmrc_levels_grades_evidence_120423.pdf
20. Clinical Practice Resources
Have a go:
Search one of the sources
•BMJ Best Practice
•UpToDate
•ClinicalKey
Share with a neighbour
Clinical Practice YouTube Link
21. Search Systematic Review
Databases for Interventions
Have a go:
Search one of the sources
•Cochrane
•Medline
•Embase
•PsychInfo
Save searches and items
Share with a neighbour
YouTube Link
22. Contact the University Library
http://library.uwa.edu.au
9346 7570 – Medical and Dental Library
medref-lib@uwa.edu.au
http://facebook.com/UWALibrary
@UWALibrary
Hinweis der Redaktion
Hi,
My name is ……… and I’m one of the Science Librarians at the Barry J Marshall Library.
Stress the importance in research of always having your research question in mind.
Some important points about the requirements of this assessment (and research)
Having decided on the health risk area you are to focus on you need to be able to discuss its impact and consequence here in Australia (I will give you some tips on this)
Second point is asking you to expand more on the known causes, how they impact different populations.. again most relevant here in Oz, if your promotional review is targeting an Australia audience but perhaps more too as based on high level reviews.. (As you search and you may need to think about ways you limit to demographics, or etiology (the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.) or epidemiology (the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health).
Third point – shift from context and causes to interventions – (ask who knows what EBP stands for – Evidence based Practice – referring to evidence higher in the levels of hierarchy – show of hands familiarity with these concepts – assure will cover briefly and show where further resources can be found)/
This workshop will focus on developing these research skills so as to support you in answering the questions about your risk factor for your promotional review.
Be able to identify and effectively search a range of medical/health resources to locate information relevant to addressing each of the review requirements.
Construct an effective search strategy
Know what types of resources are available and how to search them
Understand that search results will deliver different levels of evidence and focus their search strategy on high level, synthesised sources of evidence.
Understand the different levels of hierarchies of evidence available to them;
Have strategies for limiting to and evaluating these
Before you start any search, it’s important to spend a little bit of time:
Breaking down your search topic identifying the core concepts important to your research,
Coming up with other keywords/terms used to describe your topic and thinking about how you combine them.
Other terms you could add:
Nutrition
Obesity
For impact:
Do you know of any medical terms that could help:
Epidemilogy – study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events
Aetiology
It is worth putting some thought into what your concepts are and how you might
Before you start any search, it’s important to spend a little bit of time:
Breaking down your search topic identifying the core concepts important to your research,
Coming up with other keywords/terms used to describe your topic and thinking about how you combine them.
Other terms you could add:
Nutrition
Obesity
For impact:
Do you know of any medical terms that could help:
Epidemilogy – study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events
Aetiology
It is worth putting some thought into what your concepts are and how you might
Remember our boolean logic terms? What are they?
Note: the NOT excludes items containing both ‘indigenous’ and Canada – potentially relevant results? Use NOT with caution, generally for refining a search only or for multiple meanings of the same word, eg China (country) vs china (porcelain).
Use the truncation symbol (usually an asterisk) to broaden your search.
Explain Boolean and Brackets.
Explain that you use broad terms at this early stage, can increase specificity if retrieving too many results.
Would not necessarily use all of the terms developed, you are starting a process of seeing which work best in the different resources we will search.
Who is familiar with the term Grey Literature and can tell me what it is?
Often used to refer to government or non-government, organisation or agency sources of information (reports, data etc) that are gathered by them and that may not otherwise be able to be located in bibliographic databases which have as their greater focus published items such as books, articles and research… sometimes reports are captured in some databases.
Can represent the most direct route to information about a specific population, especially in a country like Australia.
Population health guide: Statistics, reports and website page:
Explain what a subject guide is and what it is.. Direct to the guide and to search for their specific risk factor…
Example:
Example: View Subject, Publication and Data tab to see if there is information on your topic OR try searching your terms within a website
Stress the importance in research of always having your research question in mind.
Some important points about the requirements of this assessment (and research)
Having decided on the health risk area you are to focus on you need to be able to discuss its impact and consequence here in Australia (I will give you some tips on this)
Second point is asking you to expand more on the known causes, how they impact different populations.. again most relevant here in Oz, if your promotional review is targeting an Australia audience but perhaps more too as based on high level reviews.. (As you search and you may need to think about ways you limit to demographics, or etiology (the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.) or epidemiology (the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health).
Third point – shift from context and causes to interventions – (ask who knows what EBP stands for – Evidence based Practice – referring to evidence higher in the levels of hierarchy – show of hands familiarity with these concepts – assure will cover briefly and show where further resources can be found)/
Example: View Subject, Publication and Data tab to see if there is information on your topic OR try searching your terms within a website
This pyramid represents the hierarchy of evidence that can be used to answer clinical questions. It will help lead you to the best resources where you can find evidence for your question. The higher the level of evidence (clinical importance) the less information out there for you to find. Higher levels of evidence are problem focused.
In your exploration of EBP and hierarchies of evidence you may come across slightly different hierarchies, this is the UWA FMDHS endorsed hierarchy of evidence.
This pyramid represents the hierarchy of evidence that can be used to answer clinical questions. It will help lead you to the best resources where you can find evidence for your question. The higher the level of evidence (clinical importance) the less information out there for you to find. Higher levels of evidence are problem focused.
In your exploration of EBP and hierarchies of evidence you may come across slightly different hierarchies, this is the UWA FMDHS endorsed hierarchy of evidence.
More information about the hierarchy: The bottom layer of the main hierarchy – single studies – has its own hierarchy depending on the original type of study performed.
Systematic Reviews aim to– use a transparent process to identify, appraise, and summarise studies in relation to a defined clinical question.
They summarise a particular set of similar studies often focused on a particular intervention , but they are not a survey of available evidence. They may or may not include a meta-analysis. The final report will include their search strategies, keywords, subject headings.
EB Guidelines: use evidence drawn from systematic reviews and studies. Problem focussed.
EB Summaries: drawn on systematic reviews or the best available primary studies to integrate the highest level of available evidence and thereby provide a full range of management options for your given problem.
You will not find any decision support systems – because the problem they consider is so focussed. But the library provides access to a range of resources covering the other levels of the pyramid.
This pyramid represents the hierarchy of evidence that can be used to answer clinical questions. It will help lead you to the best resources where you can find evidence for your question. The higher the level of evidence (clinical importance) the less information out there for you to find. Higher levels of evidence are problem focused.
In your exploration of EBP and hierarchies of evidence you may come across slightly different hierarchies, this is the UWA FMDHS endorsed hierarchy of evidence.
Shown them how to navigate to this Guide from the UWA website.
Library’s guide to resources for answering clinical questions. The second tab in the guide that you can see here lists EBP resources available through the library catalogue, and tells which level of evidence you will find within.
You can see a table of different resources we have, and the level of evidence you can find in each. The green button next to each connects to a database-specific guide that lists tips for searching, tips on how to broaden or narrow your search, the best clinical use of the information, and positives and negatives of that particular resource. Includes tips on how to broaden your search and how to narrow your search, and tips on using truncation and wildcards.
Example: View Subject, Publication and Data tab to see if there is information on your topic OR try searching your terms within a website
Example: View Subject, Publication and Data tab to see if there is information on your topic OR try searching your terms within a website