Lubna Mohammad
Samar faraaj

Health promotion
“is the process of enabling people to increase control over
and to improve their health” (Ottawa Charter ’86)
“involves the facilitation of skills in individuals and change
in environments which impact positively on health”
(VicHealth 2005)
“is everyone’s business” (CEO DHCS 2004)

What is health ?
• Health is a dynamic state of complete physical, mental,
• spiritual and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
• (WHO 1998)

Health promotion or
education ?
• Health promotion is a broad umbrella that encompasses
:
• political action to change political policies
• Responsibilities of employer's toward their employees
health Etc.
 Most people knows at least the basics that keeps them
in good health but for unknown reasons they adapt
unhealthy life styles

Health promotion or
education ?
• Health education involves providing info.. For
different individuals for example :
 Youngelder people
 Heavyoccasional drinkers
 Pregnantbaring age women etc….
• Health education has been classified into three
types:
I. Education about body and how to look after
II. How to access and to use health information
III. Education about national and regional policies

Health education
classification
• Primary health education :
 Directed toward healthy people and aims to prevent illness
and to raise health status
• Secondary health education:
 Directed toward ill people and aims to prevent progression
toward chronic state and to restore the patient former statue
ex: stopping smoking ; changing eating habits
• Tartary health education :
 Concerns with educating people and their relatives and carers
how to make the most of the remaining potential for healthy
living . Ex: providing patient with info about side effects of
drugs and how to deal with

Health promotion goals:
• Give people appropriate education and information to
make choices
• Enable people to examine these informed choices
• Help people to develop the skills to analyze and
recognize alternative choices
• Empower people to be able to make informed decisions
about their health

Stages in changing health
behavior
• Precontemplation stage :
 At this stage people can either have no awareness that
they need to change their actions or they do not accept
to change
• Contemplation stage :
 Individuals becoming positively motivated toward healthy
changes
• Commitment stage:
 Individuals are (ready to change)
• Action stage:
 Individuals starts to make changes

Continue….
• Maintenance stage:
 Individuals will need to continue with the action commenced in
the previous stage at this time an individual may struggle with
their self-imposed changes
• Relapse stage:
 Many individuals been through this stage and back to their
former behaviors but this isn't usually the end point as they
might re-enter to the contemplation stage again
• Exit stage:
 When this stage is reached the individuals has changed their
behaviors in a way that they will not relapse the changed
behavior becomes permanent

Health promotion and
pharmacists
• Health promotion activities conducted by pharmacists
have been divided into four separate and distinct
categories:
I. Promoting health and will being (e.g. Nutrition's and
physical activities)
II. Preventing illness (e.g. immunization)
III. Identifying illness (e.g. detecting disease ) this role is
very definite role for community pharmacist
IV. The maintenance of health for those with chronic or
potentially long term conditions (e.g. asthma ; HTN)

Why should pharmacist be
involved in health promotion?
 Uploading their code of ethics :
 (Pharmacist prime concern must be for the will being of
patients and public). RPS
 Their accessibility to the general pubic:
 In practical levels a 6 million visits are made to community
pharmacists per day 
 Their knowledge base:
 Pharmacies don’t run appointment systems like other HCP
and they have a lot of data considering OTC medications and
health status
 Their place in primary care team
 Government initiative's include them

Health promotion
activates in pharmacy.
• Beside promotional materials the main aim is to raise people
awareness to the pharmacist as Source for professional
advice.
• Health promotion materials :
 Leaflets: are the major provision . They are available from the
pharmacy ; clinics ; health promotion centers etc.. And should
be displayed appropriately so that the public has easy access
to it .
Yet the pharmacist is sufficiently close to be available to explain
any thing that is not understood by the reader . Alternatively
leaflets an be displayed near to relevant products e.g. sun
screens. Pharmacist should be familiar with the contents of the
leaflets and carefully select them to match hisher community
demands and to make sure that its available in the suitable
languages

• Books and pamphlets :
 They can be sold or provided by pharmacist to their
clients . Several community pharmacist have set up
libraries for such books videos and pamphlets for use by
public
• Non-written health promotional materials :
 Such materials include audiotapes videos and smart
phones apps , the internet as well some of these
materials are especially designed for people with
disabilities

Health promotion
displays
• These include:
o Window display (interactive communication [you ask and I will
answer method ] )
 Window display make effective use for window space
One study reported the use of WD to raise the awareness of
emergency hormonal contraception and increased the demands for
emergency hormonal contraception tests and information leaflets
WD also could provide an info source that is not accessible for publics
in their normal lives or of a sensitive nature e.g. andropause
o Posters displayed in a good place inside the pharmacy
o In store display
 By providing healthy life style products such as sugar free meds and
drinks or smoking cessation products

Health promotion
activities in pharmacy
• No smoking policy
 If pharmacist are to be seen as a source of information
on health promotion its important that the pharmacy is
seen as a good role model . Thus all pharmacists should
have a no smoking policy and be seen as an
environment wish support healthy living

Health promotion
activities in pharmacy
• Social inclusion policy :
 Health and health promotion is for every one ,
irrespective of gender , age , ethnicity , social class ,
disabilities , health status , etc. thus pharmacies and
their services should be for all . Ideally all pharmacist
should have access for physically disabled people ,
mothers with prams , similarly pharmacies should be
fitted with (loop systems ) for hearing problems

Health promotion
activities in pharmacy
• Consultation areas rooms :
 The discussion of health promotion topics with an
individual may raise sensitive issues that need to be
conducted in private , if its not possible to provide a
separate rooms the conversation should be held without
over hearing and with out distraction

Topics for health promotion activity

Role of pharmacists in
health promotion
• All pharmacist should encourage healthy behaviors and
respond to those seeking medical advise .
• In order to provide good HP advice , pharmacists should
have good communication skills and ideally, be able to
detect at what stage in the cycle of change the patient is
, so that the HP advice can be individualized to help the
recipient

Opportunistic and patient
driven opportunities
• Many of the current HP activities in the pharmacy are
opportunistic or patient driven . These can be
conveniently categorized as follows :
 Sale for goods other than medicines :
Community pharmacists sell many goods , which are not
medicines but related directly or indirectly to health issues .
Its possible for pharmacists to engage in verbal health
advice with the purchaser or provide health promotion
leaflets on related topics

Examples of HP opportunities
when sales are made
sale HP activities
sunglasses Leaflet on sun awareness
Children tooth paste Leaflet on oral health
Sliming foods Discussion on healthy eating and
weight control
Diabetic chocolate Healthy eating leaflets

Opportunistic and patient
driven opportunities
 Sale of medicines:
Sales of OTC medicines provide the opportunity for
pharmacist to relate the purchase to some HP activity in the
form of an advice on the use of medicine or the condition
e.g. (a patient comes to the pharmacy to buy a laxative ,
could be provided with a leaflet about healthy eating ).
 Some pharmacists may feel that such activities are
intrusive on the individual . But the aim is always to help
( remember the code of ethics )

Educational interventions
• There are many examples in which pharmacist provide
educational interventions to groups of individuals e.g.
patients with DM , HL , CHD , HTN .
• Other pharmacists give regular talks to school
- children , women groups and local self-help groups , on
health promotional issues