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HowYour
Brain Works
Loretta G. Breuning, PhD
a 200-million-year

success story
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Humans inherited brain structures
from earlier animals and added on.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
You have 3 brains
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
They’re all good
Each of your brains
has successfully
promoted survival
for millions of years.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
They promote your well-being

by working together
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Each brain seeks in survival its own way
reptile
mammal
human
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
The reptile brain
seeks survival by
reacting to threats.
The mammal brain 

seeks survival

through social bonds.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
The human cortex
seeks survival
by learning patterns
from experience.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Working together,
your three brains use experience
to build social bonds and avoid threats.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
But it’s not easy.
Your three brains are not on speaking terms
because the animal brain
doesn’t think in words.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
It thinks by releasing neurochemicals
into the body. Humans experience
these chemicals as emotions.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
When the animal brain sees something
good for survival, it releases chemicals
that humans experience as happiness.
Dopamine 	

Serotonin	

Oxytocin	

Endorphin
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Something bad for survival triggers
cortisol in the animal brain. 	

Humans perceive it as anxiety.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Neurochemicals are powerful
enough to trigger urgent survival
behaviors in the state of nature.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Our neurochemical responses are hard
to put into words, but it’s easy to see
the behaviors they trigger in animals.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Your human cortex learns
about survival by extracting patterns
from past experience.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
You were born with lots of neurons

but very few connections between them. 

Your connections built from life experience.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Neural pathways build
from emotion and from repetition
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Repetition gradually
improves a neuron’s
ability to trigger
other neurons.
Emotion instantly
improves a neuron’s
ability to trigger
another neuron.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Your brain can “learn” behaviors that
are not really good for your survival.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Your animal brain seeks
whatever felt good in
your past, and avoids
whatever felt bad.
Your human cortex
seeks patterns that lead
to better feelings in your
future.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
It’s not easy managing three brains.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
The electricity in
your brain flows like
water in a storm,
finding the paths of
least resistance.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Electricity flows easily into the pathways
built from past emotion and repetition.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
You can create new neural pathways
by repeating new experiences.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
But it’s not easy.
!
The more you know about
how your brains works,
the better you can promote
your own well-being.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
200 million years ago,
mammals began evolving brain systems
that support group life.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
More of their babies survived as a result,
and the successful brains got passed on.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
You have inherited
the brains of successful survivors.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
Knowing how
your brain works
helps you
understand
yourself
and others.
Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org
$9. paper
$4. ebook
99
99
Meet Your

Happy Chemicals
is a lighthearted guide to the
brain’s natural ups and downs.
You can re-wire yourself for
more ups in 45 days.

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How your brain works: A 200-million-year-old success story

  • 1. HowYour Brain Works Loretta G. Breuning, PhD a 200-million-year
 success story
  • 2. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Humans inherited brain structures from earlier animals and added on.
  • 3. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org You have 3 brains
  • 4. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org They’re all good Each of your brains has successfully promoted survival for millions of years.
  • 5. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org They promote your well-being
 by working together
  • 6. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Each brain seeks in survival its own way reptile mammal human
  • 7. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org The reptile brain seeks survival by reacting to threats. The mammal brain 
 seeks survival
 through social bonds.
  • 8. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org The human cortex seeks survival by learning patterns from experience.
  • 9. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Working together, your three brains use experience to build social bonds and avoid threats.
  • 10. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org But it’s not easy. Your three brains are not on speaking terms because the animal brain doesn’t think in words.
  • 11. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org It thinks by releasing neurochemicals into the body. Humans experience these chemicals as emotions.
  • 12. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org When the animal brain sees something good for survival, it releases chemicals that humans experience as happiness. Dopamine Serotonin Oxytocin Endorphin
  • 13. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Something bad for survival triggers cortisol in the animal brain. Humans perceive it as anxiety.
  • 14. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Neurochemicals are powerful enough to trigger urgent survival behaviors in the state of nature.
  • 15. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Our neurochemical responses are hard to put into words, but it’s easy to see the behaviors they trigger in animals.
  • 16. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Your human cortex learns about survival by extracting patterns from past experience.
  • 17. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org You were born with lots of neurons
 but very few connections between them. 
 Your connections built from life experience.
  • 18. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Neural pathways build from emotion and from repetition
  • 19. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Repetition gradually improves a neuron’s ability to trigger other neurons. Emotion instantly improves a neuron’s ability to trigger another neuron.
  • 20. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Your brain can “learn” behaviors that are not really good for your survival.
  • 21. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Your animal brain seeks whatever felt good in your past, and avoids whatever felt bad. Your human cortex seeks patterns that lead to better feelings in your future.
  • 22. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org It’s not easy managing three brains.
  • 23. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org The electricity in your brain flows like water in a storm, finding the paths of least resistance.
  • 24. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Electricity flows easily into the pathways built from past emotion and repetition.
  • 25. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org You can create new neural pathways by repeating new experiences.
  • 26. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org But it’s not easy. ! The more you know about how your brains works, the better you can promote your own well-being.
  • 27. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org 200 million years ago, mammals began evolving brain systems that support group life.
  • 28. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org More of their babies survived as a result, and the successful brains got passed on.
  • 29. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org You have inherited the brains of successful survivors.
  • 30. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org Knowing how your brain works helps you understand yourself and others.
  • 31. Loretta Graziano Breuning, PhD InnerMammalInstitute.org $9. paper $4. ebook 99 99 Meet Your
 Happy Chemicals is a lighthearted guide to the brain’s natural ups and downs. You can re-wire yourself for more ups in 45 days.