This is the the technology which is very basic understanding on Wi- Fi technology.. What is Wi-Fi technology and how is working and also the advantages of wi-fi.....

1. Lopamudra Das

2. CONTENTS
: WHAT IS WPA
: HISTORY OF WPA
: CONCEPT OF WPA
: WI-FI PROTECTED ACCESS -2
: GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
:ADVANTAGES & LIMITATION OF WPA
: CONCLUSION
: REFERENCIES

3. What is WPA?
 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a response by the
WLAN industry to offer an immediate, a stronger
security solution.
 WPA is intended to be:
 A software/firmware upgrade to existing access points
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and NICs.
Inexpensive in terms of time and cost to implement.
Compatible with vendors.
Suitable for enterprise, small sites, home networks.
Runs in enterprise mode or pre-shared key(PSK
mode)

4. History of WPA
 WPA was created by the Wi-Fi Alliance, an
industry trade group, which owns the
trademark to the Wi-Fi name and certifies
devices that carry that name.
 WPA is designed for use with an IEEE 802.1X
authentication server, which distributes
different keys to each user.

5. History of WPA
 The Wi-Fi Alliance created WPA to enable introduction of
standard-based secure wireless network products prior to the
IEEE 802.11i group finishing its work.
 The Wi-Fi Alliance at the time already anticipated the WPA2
certification based on the final draft of the IEEE 802.11i
standard.

6. concept of WPA
 Data is encrypted using the RC4 stream cipher, with a
128-bit key and a 48-bit initialization vector (IV).
 One major improvement in WPA is the Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol (TKIP), which dynamically changes
keys as the system is used.
 When combined with the much larger IV, this defeats
the well-known key recovery attacks on WEP.

7. General Recommendations
 Conduct a risk assessment for all information that
will travel over the WLAN and restrict sensitive
information.
 Policies and infrastructure for authenticating remote
access users can be applied to WLAN users.
 Perform regular audits of the WLAN using network
management and RF detection tools.

8. *Minimize signal leakage through
directional antennas and placement of
access points.
*Make sure all equipment being
purchased can be upgraded to
support WPA and WPA 2/AES.
*If using Pre-Shared Key Mode consider
that the shared secret may become
compromised.

10. THE FUTURE WAP 2
TKIP encryption, 802.1X/EAP authentication and PSK
technology in WPA are features that have been brought
forward from WPA2.
Additionally, WPA2 provides a new, encryption scheme, the
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
AES uses a mathematical ciphering algorithm that employs
variable key sizes of 128-, 192- or 256-bits.
WPA2 offers a highly secure “mixed mode” that supports
both WPA and WPA2 client workstations.

11. ADVANTAGES
It’s flexible: With a wireless network you and your staff can
have uninterrupted access to people, information and tools as
you and they move through the workplace with your mobile
PC.
It’s responsive: As you change your business operations
your wireless network can change with you.
It’s customized: Your wireless network can be configured
the way you want it.-even combined with your current wired
network

12. It’s fast:
From 11 to 54 Mbps throughput and
advanced roaming capabilities provide reliable access
to e-mail, the Internet, file sharing and other
network resources away from the desk.
It’s cost-effective: Expand and extend your
existing network by simply adding more adapters and
access points. Planning is a no brainier as you need
to buy only what you need.
It’s secure: Current standards utilizes 64- and 128bit WEP encryption and help guard the network from
intruders and protect data in transit. Add in
technology and you have increased WLAN protection
important for mission-critical data.

13. LIMITATION
* It has a limited bandwidth of about 83.5 MHz.
*Frequency spectrum used by IEEE 802.11b is shared by many
other systems like microwave ovens, cordless phones etc. This
frequency sharing causes interference problem.
* Security techniques are not reliable yet.

14. APPLICATION
1. Internet access.
2. City wide Wi-Fi.
3. Campus wide Wi-Fi.
4. Direct computer to computer communication.

15. conclusion
As a subset of WPA2, WPA presents users with a solution
that is both forward- and backward-compatible with
present and future wireless standards.
It offers enterprise-grade protection
importantly, it is available today.
and,
most
WPA allows users, whether they are at home or at work,
to enjoy all the mobility and flexibility that Wi-Fi wireless
computing has to offer, knowing that their data is safely
protected beyond the reach of intruders.

16. References
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“Overview of IEEE 802.11 Security”, www.techonline.com.
www.wikipedia.org
www.lib-asc.ekm.org
www.wi-fi.org
Paper on Wi-Fi security from the Wi-Fi alliance.
www.entecollege.com
www.ieeespectrum.com

17. THANK YOU