stress constitutive relationships strain biomechanics bending torsion bone kinematics kinetics joint function statics in biomechanics joint structure diarthrodial joint anthropometry age effects strain rate sensitivity creep viscoelastic double integration method beam deflection boundary conditions bending stress simply supported beam cantilever beam distributed loads four point bending three point bending method of sections bending moment shear force fracture fixation biomechanical testing shear stress torsion formula principal stress maximum shear stress strain transformation strain gauge stress transformations mechanical testing stress-strain curve anisotropy active learning education
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