This is a poster I designed after doing research of the Philippine Sea Plate. Throughout the semester I will be adding more posters after continuing my research.
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Physical Features of the Philippine Sea Plate
1. Introduction
The Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) is a complicated tectonic
system completely surrounded by convergent boundaries
and subduction zones. The plate consists of two distinct
tectonic provinces, the west Philippine Sea province (WPSP)
and the east Philippine Sea province (EPSP). These plates
are separated by a prominent ridge that mark the boundary
between the NS trending features of the EPSP and the NW-
SE trending features of WPSP. The current motion of the
entire PSP is less than 50 mm/year to the northeast and it
moves in an overall clockwise rotation of 1.5 to 2.0°/Ma. 1
The plate’s multiple spreading ridges cause microblock
movement in the SE as well as the NW, a reason for the lack
of complete understanding of this plate’s movement. This
poster is designed to introduce the basic topographic features
of the Philippine Sea Plate and the general geologic
framework initiated by the plate’s overall migration.
Plate Motion
Fig. 1: To the northwest, the PSP is bordered by the Eurasian
Plate. To the south, it is bordered by the Australian plate
along the Palau Trench and Yap Trough. To the east, it lies
along the Izu-Bonin and Mariana trenches, which together
form a boundary with the Pacific plate. To the southwest, it
is separated from the Eurasian plate again along the
Philippine Trench.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Haston, Fuller, and Schmidke for providing a
labeled geologic map of the PSP. The topographic map can
be located at ArcGIS.com and the Palau Islands image can
be found at tropicalbeachgetaways.com
Topography / Geologic Framework
Significant features that appeared due to plate divergence and
convergence:
Palau-Kyushu Ridge
• Back-arc ridge of subducted Pacific plates. Active 42-32 Ma.
• ~70 km wide and extends over 2000 km northward
• Consists of vesicular lava flows, dykes and sills, interbedded with
volcaniclastic breccias 2
Central Basin Fault
• Spreading ridge active in the early Tertiary.
Mariana Trench
• Back-arc to the now inactive spreading center of the Parece Vela Basin.
• 1500 km long and 250 km wide. 6 Ma old.
• The trench is sediment-filled which acts as lubricant facilitating the
ridge to be subducted rather than accreted into the overlying plate.
Parece Vela Basin
• Active back-arc spreading ridge that opened between 30-17 Ma.
Mainly basalt sills, but high rates of sedimentation near ridge axis.
Palau Islands
• Northern Palau Islands predominantly volcanic from subducting arc.
• Southern islands contain Pleistocene to Holocene reef limestones.
• Part of a micro-plate rotating faster than the entire PSP.
Conclusions
The topography of the Philippine Sea Plate is largely
affected by the subduction of the surrounding major plates.
However, the plate itself is intricately complex and has
undergone a series of tectonic activities involving rifting and
the rotation of microplates at multiple different axes. The
entire PSP appears to be moving clockwise about 60-70°
since the middle Oligocene.
The rock types that appear to the surfaced arcs are
predictable, and largely andesitic alluding to calc-alkaline
island-arc subduction volcanism. The oceanic basins are
predominantly basalt with lithic sediment fill from erosion
of the arcs. The bathymetry of the plate is relatively
consistent apart from the ridges.
Lindsey Kenyon
Denison University Department of Geosciences
Literature cited
[1] Haston, R., M. Fuller, and E. Schmidtke. "Paleomagnetic Results from
Palau, West Caroline Islands: A Constraint on Philippine Sea Plate
Motion." Geology 16, no. 7 (July 1988): 654-57. Accessed February 2,
2016.
[2] "Evolution of Mariana Arc System." Lect5-11. Accessed February
03, 2016. http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/art/gl209/lecture5/lect5- 11.html.
[3] "Volcanoes of the Philippines." GEOS 309 Tectonics. October 31,
2014. Accessed February 02, 2016.
https:/geos309.community.uaf.edu/2014/10/31/volcanoes-of- the
philippines/.
Physical Features of the Philippine Sea Plate
Philippine Archipelago
The Philippine island arcs are located at the boundary of the Eurasia plate and the Philipipne Sea
Plate. Several arc systems have been formed as a result of trench systems along the archipelago. There
are 53 volcanoes that exist as a result of the subduction of microplates between the convergent margin. 3
The crustal thickness of the arcs have been estimated to range from ~20 to 35 km. Some of the
thickened areas may have originated from the accretion of ophiolite and increased magmatism.
• In the Southwest, dacite and andecite accreted on the Philippine islands.
• In the Southeast, basaltic magma is fractionating garnet at an extremely high pressure.
• The southern part of the Northern Sierra Madre consists of mostly volcanogenic sediments, basaltic
flows, and dikes. Displays tholetiitic to calc-alkaline affinities.
• Quartz diorite and other intrusive rocks in the Caraballo Range age range form 39 to 27 Ma. 3
• The volcanoes along the archipelago have different types of volcanic activity that are composed of
tholeiitic basalt, andesite, and shoshonite (a basalt with high K).
• Repeated thinning and thickening of arc lithosphere blends components of the rocks, contributing to
an andesitic composition for bulk continental crust
Fig. 3: Subduction at the Philippine
Archipelago
https://geos309.community.uaf.edu/2014/10/31/volcanoes-of-the-philippines/
Fig. 2: Detailed map of major significant features of the PSP.
Palau Islands
![Introduction
The Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) is a complicated tectonic
system completely surrounded by convergent boundaries
and subduction zones. The plate consists of two distinct
tectonic provinces, the west Philippine Sea province (WPSP)
and the east Philippine Sea province (EPSP). These plates
are separated by a prominent ridge that mark the boundary
between the NS trending features of the EPSP and the NW-
SE trending features of WPSP. The current motion of the
entire PSP is less than 50 mm/year to the northeast and it
moves in an overall clockwise rotation of 1.5 to 2.0°/Ma. 1
The plate’s multiple spreading ridges cause microblock
movement in the SE as well as the NW, a reason for the lack
of complete understanding of this plate’s movement. This
poster is designed to introduce the basic topographic features
of the Philippine Sea Plate and the general geologic
framework initiated by the plate’s overall migration.
Plate Motion
Fig. 1: To the northwest, the PSP is bordered by the Eurasian
Plate. To the south, it is bordered by the Australian plate
along the Palau Trench and Yap Trough. To the east, it lies
along the Izu-Bonin and Mariana trenches, which together
form a boundary with the Pacific plate. To the southwest, it
is separated from the Eurasian plate again along the
Philippine Trench.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Haston, Fuller, and Schmidke for providing a
labeled geologic map of the PSP. The topographic map can
be located at ArcGIS.com and the Palau Islands image can
be found at tropicalbeachgetaways.com
Topography / Geologic Framework
Significant features that appeared due to plate divergence and
convergence:
Palau-Kyushu Ridge
• Back-arc ridge of subducted Pacific plates. Active 42-32 Ma.
• ~70 km wide and extends over 2000 km northward
• Consists of vesicular lava flows, dykes and sills, interbedded with
volcaniclastic breccias 2
Central Basin Fault
• Spreading ridge active in the early Tertiary.
Mariana Trench
• Back-arc to the now inactive spreading center of the Parece Vela Basin.
• 1500 km long and 250 km wide. 6 Ma old.
• The trench is sediment-filled which acts as lubricant facilitating the
ridge to be subducted rather than accreted into the overlying plate.
Parece Vela Basin
• Active back-arc spreading ridge that opened between 30-17 Ma.
Mainly basalt sills, but high rates of sedimentation near ridge axis.
Palau Islands
• Northern Palau Islands predominantly volcanic from subducting arc.
• Southern islands contain Pleistocene to Holocene reef limestones.
• Part of a micro-plate rotating faster than the entire PSP.
Conclusions
The topography of the Philippine Sea Plate is largely
affected by the subduction of the surrounding major plates.
However, the plate itself is intricately complex and has
undergone a series of tectonic activities involving rifting and
the rotation of microplates at multiple different axes. The
entire PSP appears to be moving clockwise about 60-70°
since the middle Oligocene.
The rock types that appear to the surfaced arcs are
predictable, and largely andesitic alluding to calc-alkaline
island-arc subduction volcanism. The oceanic basins are
predominantly basalt with lithic sediment fill from erosion
of the arcs. The bathymetry of the plate is relatively
consistent apart from the ridges.
Lindsey Kenyon
Denison University Department of Geosciences
Literature cited
[1] Haston, R., M. Fuller, and E. Schmidtke. "Paleomagnetic Results from
Palau, West Caroline Islands: A Constraint on Philippine Sea Plate
Motion." Geology 16, no. 7 (July 1988): 654-57. Accessed February 2,
2016.
[2] "Evolution of Mariana Arc System." Lect5-11. Accessed February
03, 2016. http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/art/gl209/lecture5/lect5- 11.html.
[3] "Volcanoes of the Philippines." GEOS 309 Tectonics. October 31,
2014. Accessed February 02, 2016.
https:/geos309.community.uaf.edu/2014/10/31/volcanoes-of- the
philippines/.
Physical Features of the Philippine Sea Plate
Philippine Archipelago
The Philippine island arcs are located at the boundary of the Eurasia plate and the Philipipne Sea
Plate. Several arc systems have been formed as a result of trench systems along the archipelago. There
are 53 volcanoes that exist as a result of the subduction of microplates between the convergent margin. 3
The crustal thickness of the arcs have been estimated to range from ~20 to 35 km. Some of the
thickened areas may have originated from the accretion of ophiolite and increased magmatism.
• In the Southwest, dacite and andecite accreted on the Philippine islands.
• In the Southeast, basaltic magma is fractionating garnet at an extremely high pressure.
• The southern part of the Northern Sierra Madre consists of mostly volcanogenic sediments, basaltic
flows, and dikes. Displays tholetiitic to calc-alkaline affinities.
• Quartz diorite and other intrusive rocks in the Caraballo Range age range form 39 to 27 Ma. 3
• The volcanoes along the archipelago have different types of volcanic activity that are composed of
tholeiitic basalt, andesite, and shoshonite (a basalt with high K).
• Repeated thinning and thickening of arc lithosphere blends components of the rocks, contributing to
an andesitic composition for bulk continental crust
Fig. 3: Subduction at the Philippine
Archipelago
https://geos309.community.uaf.edu/2014/10/31/volcanoes-of-the-philippines/
Fig. 2: Detailed map of major significant features of the PSP.
Palau Islands](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/physicalfeaturesofphilippineplateposter-160205214621/85/Physical-Features-of-the-Philippine-Sea-Plate-1-320.jpg)
