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Who am I?
• Scala hacker since 2005

• Worked mostly on Scala tooling (MiMa, Eclipse Scala
IDE, Scala compiler)

• Co-Founder of Triplequote

• Make Scala compile as fast as Java thanks to Hydra
#1
Build time
≠
Compilation time
Build time ≠ Compilation time
• Before starting compilation:

• Dependency resolution

• Source generators

• Formatter

• Settings evaluation
Build time ≠ Compilation time
• Before starting compilation:

• What do we need to
compile?

• Hash classpath, hash
sources (a LOT of I/O)

• Load analysis data
Build time ≠ Compilation time
Finally Sbt starts compiling, but
Zinc and incremental compiler
have a 15% overhead
Use an IDE to build!
#2
Type Classes +
Macro Derivation
=
💣
Type Classes, Macro 💣
• Imports take precedence over companion objects

• Cost: implicit resolution

• Cost: additional code to be generated
Type Classes, Macro 💣
Decoders/
implicits
0 1 2
Code size after
type-checking
8 KB 31 KB 54 KB
Type Classes, Macro 💣
D[ShippingAddress]
D[FullName] D[FullName] D[String]
D[String] D[String] D[String] D[String]
Avoid re-generating the
same typeclass derivation
multiple times!
#3
Whitebox macros are
type-checked 3x!
What’s the different
between whitebox and
blackbox macros?
Which one takes part in
type-inference?
Shapeless macros are whitebox
#4
Type-checking
should be around
30%
Type-checking should be
around 30%
• Type-checking Scala sources takes time

• Type-checking should not go above 30% of total
compilation time!

• Use -verbose to see times for each phase (and a
lot of noise)
Type-checking should be
around 30%
• If more, you can bet your money on one (or more) of:

• Macro expansion (useful flag: -Xprint:typer)

• Implicit resolution (useful flag: -Xlog-implicits)

• Quasiquotes, type tags (macros in disguise)
Monitor compilation and

identify bottlenecks

Parallelize Scala compilation
#5 Scala compiler is
single-threaded
Scala compiler is single-
threaded
• It’s a batch compiler

• Careful interplay of laziness and mutability

• Laziness required for recursive types

• Mutability for performance
Scala compiler is single-
threaded
• Bigger/more powerful machines won’t make a dent
in compilation times

• Unless you have a parallel Scala compiler!

• Hint: there is one that works today! (google Scala
Hydra)
How fast is scalac?
Simple code
(Spark)
FP-heavy
(Cats)
Play Framework (LiChess)
Average Views Controllers
1’200 LoC/s 480 LoC/s 1’500 LoC/s 2’000 LoC/s 500 LoC/s
(2.12.4 numbers, with a warm compiler — except LiChess: 2.11.11)
Summary
• Compilation times are unpredictable

• A single file can account for 80% of compilation time

• Compilation speed varies greatly based on coding style

• Macro expansion can quintuple your code size
https://twitter.com/berenguel/
status/1040712559362539524
Trusted by
Parallelize Scala compilation
Monitor compilation and
identify bottlenecks

https://triplequote.com/hydra/trial15-day FREE trial

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Making Scala Faster: 3 Expert Tips For Busy Development Teams

  • 1.
  • 2. Who am I? • Scala hacker since 2005 • Worked mostly on Scala tooling (MiMa, Eclipse Scala IDE, Scala compiler) • Co-Founder of Triplequote • Make Scala compile as fast as Java thanks to Hydra
  • 4. Build time ≠ Compilation time • Before starting compilation: • Dependency resolution • Source generators • Formatter • Settings evaluation
  • 5. Build time ≠ Compilation time • Before starting compilation: • What do we need to compile? • Hash classpath, hash sources (a LOT of I/O) • Load analysis data
  • 6. Build time ≠ Compilation time Finally Sbt starts compiling, but Zinc and incremental compiler have a 15% overhead
  • 7. Use an IDE to build!
  • 8. #2 Type Classes + Macro Derivation = 💣
  • 9. Type Classes, Macro 💣 • Imports take precedence over companion objects • Cost: implicit resolution • Cost: additional code to be generated
  • 10. Type Classes, Macro 💣 Decoders/ implicits 0 1 2 Code size after type-checking 8 KB 31 KB 54 KB
  • 11. Type Classes, Macro 💣 D[ShippingAddress] D[FullName] D[FullName] D[String] D[String] D[String] D[String] D[String]
  • 12. Avoid re-generating the same typeclass derivation multiple times!
  • 14. What’s the different between whitebox and blackbox macros?
  • 15. Which one takes part in type-inference? Shapeless macros are whitebox
  • 17. Type-checking should be around 30% • Type-checking Scala sources takes time • Type-checking should not go above 30% of total compilation time! • Use -verbose to see times for each phase (and a lot of noise)
  • 18. Type-checking should be around 30% • If more, you can bet your money on one (or more) of: • Macro expansion (useful flag: -Xprint:typer) • Implicit resolution (useful flag: -Xlog-implicits) • Quasiquotes, type tags (macros in disguise)
  • 19. Monitor compilation and identify bottlenecks Parallelize Scala compilation
  • 20. #5 Scala compiler is single-threaded
  • 21. Scala compiler is single- threaded • It’s a batch compiler • Careful interplay of laziness and mutability • Laziness required for recursive types • Mutability for performance
  • 22. Scala compiler is single- threaded • Bigger/more powerful machines won’t make a dent in compilation times • Unless you have a parallel Scala compiler! • Hint: there is one that works today! (google Scala Hydra)
  • 23. How fast is scalac? Simple code (Spark) FP-heavy (Cats) Play Framework (LiChess) Average Views Controllers 1’200 LoC/s 480 LoC/s 1’500 LoC/s 2’000 LoC/s 500 LoC/s (2.12.4 numbers, with a warm compiler — except LiChess: 2.11.11)
  • 24. Summary • Compilation times are unpredictable • A single file can account for 80% of compilation time • Compilation speed varies greatly based on coding style • Macro expansion can quintuple your code size
  • 26. Trusted by Parallelize Scala compilation Monitor compilation and identify bottlenecks https://triplequote.com/hydra/trial15-day FREE trial