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Distributed Systems Done Right:
Why Java Enterprises Are Embracing The Actor Model
Hugh McKee (@mckeeh3), Global Solutions Architect
Time	to	Value
Accelerated Time	to	Value
Actors,	Humans,	and	How	We	Live
Actor	messages	are	like	text	messages
Actors	behave	like	humans	exchanging	text	messages
No	response	to	your	text,	what	do	you	do?
No	response	to	a	text,	send	another	text
Still	no	response
Actor	A	sends	a	message	to	B	and	
later	gets	the	expected	response
Actor	B	never	responds	to	message	from	A
Actor	A	sends	message	to	B	and	it	
responds	before	the	timeout
No	response	from	Actor	B	and	A	gets	timeout	message
Supervisor	actor	creates	worker	actors
Worker	actor	has	problem	and	notifies	its	supervisor
Supervisor	fixes	worker	that	has	experienced	a	problem
Supervisor	actor	delegates	tasks	to	worker	actors
Worker	actors	perform	tasks	asynchronously
Ten	100	ms tasks	performed	synchronously	take	1	second
asynchronously	take	about	100	ms to	complete
Actors	and	Scaling	Large	Systems
The	supervisor	add	or	sheds	workers	as	the
load	increases	and	decreases
An	office	example	where	workers	sit	at	desks	to	perform
tasks	only	when	the	desk	has	power
One	desk	has	power,	so	the	worker	at	that	desk	may	
work	on	its	assigned	task
Messages	are	sent	to	the	office	and	then	
routed	to	each	worker
The	system	swaps	the	power	between	desks	to	allow	an
even	distribution	of	work
Backlog	forms	when	messages	arrive	faster	than	the	
workers	can	perform	each	task
In	an	asynchronous	system,	workers	only	occupy	desks
when	they	have	something	to	do
Actor	systems	may	run	in	a	cluster
Actor	Failure	Detection,	
Recovery,
and	Self-Healing
Actors	form	hierarchies
Actors	form	hierarchies
Actors	form	hierarchies
When	a	node	fails,	the	sentinel	actors	are	notified	via	an
actor	terminated	message
Circuit	breakers	can	be	used	to	stop	the	flow	of	messages	
to	an	actor	when	something	unusual	happens
Actors in an IoT Application
Device	message	routing	across	the	cluster	using	the	
consistent	hashing	algorithm
Routing	device	messages	across	the	cluster	using	DMRs
Addendum: Messaging & RPC
Messageing HTTP	RPC
HTTP	ReST
or	Asynchronous	operation	– does	it	really	matter?
Is	this	a	Synchronous	operation	…
In summary…
The	four	tenets	of	reactive	systems
Upgrade your grey matter
Get Hugh’s free O’Reilly book from Lightbend
http://bit.ly/actormodel-OR
Build modern systems for the modern world
www.lightbend.com

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Distributed Systems Done Right: Why Java Enterprises Are Embracing The Actor Model