Magnesium plays several significant roles in health and is often deficient even in healthy diets. It is essential for many enzymatic reactions, muscle and nerve function, blood pressure regulation, and more. Magnesium deficiency is underrecognized but common. During pregnancy, magnesium needs increase due to greater fetal requirements and maternal changes, but intake is often inadequate. Hypomagnesmia in pregnancy can increase risks of preterm birth, abortion, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Supplementing pregnant women with 150-450mg magnesium daily from early pregnancy through delivery can help support fetal development and reduce health risks.

1. Role of
Magnesium
in
Pregnancy
Dr. Dipti Nabh
Dr Sharda Jain
Dr Jyoti Agarwal

2. Over 350 ppts are available on slideshare.net ***for use
of public/Doctors
www.slideshare.net / Lifecarecentre

3. Magnesium: Key Health Facts
Are less Known to doctors /public

4. IMPORTANT FACT
• Magnesium is one of the most abundant minerals in the human body.
• It plays several very significant roles in the health of our body and brain.
• Though, we may not be getting enough of it, even if we eat a healthy
diet.
• We do not Indian data..but many developed countries have shown its
rampant deficieny in public .

5. Magnesium Deficiency in
French population is rampant
l
WE
DO
NOT
HAVE
INDIAN
DATA

6. Another important fact about Magnesium
• Mg is a miracle macro molecule like
Calcium.
• Like Calcium, its deficiency is the
most under recognized compared
to other nutrients as severity of
symptoms do not correlate with
serum Mg levels.
• Normal serum level 0.7 – 1 mmol/L

7. Why we need Magnesium

8. HYPOMAGNESAEMIA
Sing & symptoms
• Hyperxcitability
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Apathy
• Insomnia
• Irritability
• Poor memory
• Confusion
POSSIBLE CAUSES
• Deficient Diet
• Alcohol abuse
• Poorly controlled diabetes
• Chronic vomiting
Refers to inadequate intake of dietary magnesium or impaired absorption of magnesium

10. LETSRECAPTHEFUNCTIONOFMAGNESIUMINOUR
BODY

11. Functions as Activator of Enzymes
Functions as activator of hundreds of enzymes –
alkaline phosphatase,
hexokinase,
Fructokinase
Phosphofructikinase
Adenylate cyclase
C – Amp dependent kinase

12. Function of MAGNESIUM
Maintenance of normal
heart beat
Bone
Development
Keep blood pressure
normal
Muscle & nerve
function
Protein
Synthesis

13. Significant Contribution of
MAGNESIUM In METABOLISM
Cardiovascular
System
• Has a blood
pressure –
lowering effect
• Reduces heart
rhythm
problem
Muscles
• Counteracts
calcium
• Inhibits the over-
excitability of
muscles
• Reduces cramps
Nervous System
• Reduces the
excitability of
nerve cells
• Has a calming
effect
Metabolism
• Essential for
the energy
metabolism
• Important for
protein
synthesis

14. Magnesium in Pregnancy -
Hypomagnesemia
HYPOMAGNESIMIA IN PREGNANCY -
• Increased Fetal requirement
• Maternal tissue changes
• Increased Renal loss by 20% in third trimester and
lactation
• Poor dietary intake of Mg rich food
Decreased
absorption
Intestinal resection, cardiac disease,
chronic diarrhea
Non renal loss Chronic vomiting, Nasogastric
aspiration, Excessive lactation,
villous adenoma
Renal loss Salt losing nephropathy, Barters
syndrome, renal tubular acidosis,
alcoholism, diuretic therapy,
Glycosuria,
PREGNANCY – increases by 20%
LACTATION
Endocrine Diabetes mellitus,
Hyperparathyroidism, Post-
parathyroidectomy

15. Magnesium in Pregnancy
Does Hypomagnesimia affect Pregnancy?
YES

16. • Increased incidence of pre term birth
• Spontaneous abortion
• Calf muscle cramp
• Increased risk of Preeclampsia
• Low postpartum Mg levels are associated with Type 2 DM
Resnick et al. (2004, Hypertension in Pregnancy – 44:322-326)
Kister et al. (2013, Hypertension in Pregnancy – 17:169-178)
Jain S., Sharma P. (2010, Bio Trace Elements Res. 133:162-170)
HYPOMAGNESAEMIA & PREGNANCY

17. Magnesium in Pregnancy – Role in DM

18. Magnesium in Pregnancy – Role in PIH &
hypertension

19. Magnesium in Pregnancy – Role in PIH &
hypertension

20. Use O f Magnesium in Pregnancy
Management is recommended .
• Mg deficiency is empirically assumed, if there are complaints -
a) Functional symptoms like Cramps of skeletal muscles - Leg cramps
b) Spasms of Smooth muscles - Uterine contractions, Premature labour
• Previous H/o PIH, Hypertension, GDMin past prenancies.
• Present Pregnacy has features of PIH, Hypertension, GDM

21. It is seen that Nausea & vomiting of pregnancy is
almost nil if magnesium supplementation started early

22. EASY
LABOR

23. Magnesium in Pregnancy
Effect on Foetus

24. 300– 450 mg

25. Magnesium in Pregnancy
• Every pregnant woman should be supplemented with 150-450 mg
Magnesium daily
• Should start as soon as pregnancy is confirmed
• Continue till delivery
• Post partum and lactation increases further demand of Mg
• Those with DM ,Multiple births need higher requirement
• Side effects –soft stool ( welcome in patients with constipation)

26. MgVita 150
Each tablet contains:
Magnesium mineral amino acid blend ...150 mg
Vitamin B6 .1 mg
Therapeutic indications
• In Diabetes & CVD
• In Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• In Migraine
• In leg cramps
Dosage
• Take one to three tablets daily with food,
or as directed by your physician.
It contains highly absorbable chelated magnesium is one of the most bio-available forms of magnesium.
Special synergistic relationship between magnesium & vitamin B6, both nutrients enhances each other's absorption &
B6 enhance intracellular Mg uptake & storage
Less gastrointestinal side effects compared to inorganic salt forms of this mineral

27. • In Pregnancy ,noticeable absence of Nausea /Vomiting , induced leg cramps—is seen.
• Helps in the management of Gestational Diabetes , DM &
PIH in Pregnancy
• Labor is rather easy
• It has far reaching effect on fetal programming in utero for
weight
Longevity &
Adult onset life style diseases
Take home messages
of use of magnesium in pregnancy

28. LetsRecap the benefits ofmagnesium in women in non pregnant
state also.

29. BONE HEALTH
Magnesium works in conjunction with calcium to
promote healthy bones in the human skeleton. A
high calcium intake without magnesium can result in
health issues such as kidney stones and arterial
calcification.
HEART HEALTH
Magnesium has strong associations with healthy
hearts and an adequate intake can help to prevent a
range of heart conditions, including heart attack,
hypertension and atherosclerosis.
The mortality risk is lowered in heart attack patients
who receive magnesium.

30. Relieving Symptoms
Magnesium has been shown to help alleviate symptoms for a
range of conditions,
including premenstrual cramps and migraine, headaches.
Diabetes
Studies have shown that people with a higher intake of
magnesium are typically at a lower risk of contracting
diabetes than those that do not get enough of the mineral.
Anxiety
Magnesium deficiency can be linked to an
increased likelihood of suffering from anxiety.

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