Slideshow of field photographs from the field trip to Tremp and Ainsa Basins in Northern Spain. Rock sequences ranging form the Precambrian to the recent are exposed in the Pyrenees. The lower Metamorphic Unit (Cambrian to Lower Permian) forms the axis of the mountain chain. The upper sedimentary unit (Middle Permian to present day) is exposed along the flanks. This sedimentary unit provides an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of different sedimentary basins in response to the tectonoic activity. The sedimentary depositional environments covers an almost complete gamut from aeolian to deep marine through fluvial, deltaic, shoreface etc. The region is also excellent to study the development of different petroleum system components - source, reservoir, trap, seal and charge (though there is not much oil on the Spanish side of the Pyrenees).

1. Field Photographs from Tremp
and Ainsa Basin – Northern Spain
Lawrence Kanyan

2. Cretaceous Limestones
Tertiary deposits

3. Tidal Environment Herringbone cross-beds – Tidal Environment

4. Flacer Bedding

5. Clay chips in a sst bed

6. Smaller ripples on a larger bed-form

7. Smaller ripples on a larger bed-form

8. bioturbation

9. Lenticular sst units

10. Thrust zone

11. Vertical beds over the thrust plane

13. Collades de Basturs carbonate platform (near the village of Can Borell)

14. Rudist

15. Rudists colony

17. Building blocks: lower delta plain

18. Oyesters – shallow marine, brackish waters – also rich in muddy facies
Indicating shallow waters
Mud – does not always indicate deep water – indicates low energy

19. Cross-laminae

20. Cross-bedded sequence – bidirectional? Tidal influence?

21. Erosional base- fining up – distributary channel

22. Fining up

23. Pebbly sands – fining up, some cross laminations

24. Motteled texture - rootlets

26. Braided river system - smileys

27. Tree trunk - peat

28. Trough cross bedding

29. Alluvial fan deposits

30. Syncline in distance – paleo valley

31. Bauma sequence – Ta and Tb
Ta
Tb

32. Turbidite elementary channels – part of a channel complex

33. Different channel complexes

34. Elementary channels form a channel complex

35. Rounded mud clasts Slope bypass

36. Hill in the background - thrusting

37. Smileys in slope deposits

38. Flute caste indicating flow direction N300 degrees

39. Folded –> slump deposits

40. Normal graded beds
Rip up clasts at base indicate a new
Cycle
Each cycles removes the previously
Deposited clasts
High density turbidity currents
Only Ta

41. seismites

42. Soft sediment deformation
Fluid escape structures

44. Imbricated mud clasts – indicate flow direction
Flow direction same as indicated by flute casts

56. Diplocraterion burrows

57. Last day

59. Carbonate turbidite unit – reverse graded
=> overturned beds

62. Fluvial Outcrop

63. Fluvial Outcrop

64. Thicker channel: more accommodation space – less lateral accretion

65. Pro-Delta mudstones?

66. Anticline??

67. Continental
Delta progrades