The following slides were presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference in Kuala Lumpur, in December 2014.
This presentation addresses the general problem of building a geological model from interpretation data. Three topics are discussed in details:
- The interpolation of the model in presence of sparse/incomplete data ;
- The incorporation of dense data, and of complex geological constraints ;
- The improvements that an initial model can bring to geological interpretations.
The technical solution we are proposing is based on the interpolation of a relative geological age attribute in the volume of interest. This is the volume-based modeling (VBM) technique.
A case study detailing the construction of a 3D model from a dataset located offshore Australia is also presented to demonstrate this technique.
Authors: Laurent Souche (1), Gulnara Iskenova (1), Francois Lepage(1,2) and David Desmarest (1)
(1) Schlumberger
(2) Rocksoft
Ăhnlich wie Construction of Structurally and Stratigraphically Consistent Structural Models using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology (IPTC-18216-MS)
DSD-INT 2019 Modelling in DANUBIUS-RI-BellafioreDeltares
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Ăhnlich wie Construction of Structurally and Stratigraphically Consistent Structural Models using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology (IPTC-18216-MS) (20)
Construction of Structurally and Stratigraphically Consistent Structural Models using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology (IPTC-18216-MS)
1. IPTC-18216-MS
Construction of Structurally and
Stratigraphically Consistent Structural Models
Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology:
Applications to an Australian Dataset
Laurent Souche1, Gulnara Iskenova1, Francois Lepage1,2 and David
Desmarest1
1 2
2. Slide 2Problems Solution Application
Š 2014 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
An asterisk is used throughout this presentation to denote a mark of Schlumberger.
Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective
owners.
IPTC logo by the International Petroleum Technology Conference (http://iptcnet.org)
The following slides were presented at the International Petroleum Technology
Conference in Kuala Lumpur, in December 2014.
They have been edited to include âPresenter notesâ
The corresponding paper is available from the OnePetro online library:
https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/IPTC-18216-MS
3. OUTLINE
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
1 Problem(s)
Interpretation
Model
Problems Solution Application
âThis presentation addresses the general problem of
building a geological model from interpretation data.â
4. OUTLINE
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
1 Problem(s)
Interpretation
Model
Problems Solution Application
âThis presentation addresses the general problem of
building a geological model from interpretation data.â
âThree topics will be covered in more details:
⢠The interpolation of the model in
presence of sparse/incomplete data ;
5. OUTLINE
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
1 Problem(s)
Interpretation
Model
Problems Solution Application
âThis presentation addresses the general problem of
building a geological model from interpretation data.â
âThree topics will be covered in more details:
⢠The interpolation of the model in
presence of sparse/incomplete data ;
⢠The incorporation of dense data, and of
complex geological constraints ;
6. OUTLINE
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
1 Problem(s)
Interpretation
Model
Problems Solution Application
âThis presentation addresses the general problem of
building a geological model from interpretation data.â
âThree topics will be covered in more details:
⢠The interpolation of the model in
presence of sparse/incomplete data ;
⢠The incorporation of dense data, and of
complex geological constraints ;
⢠The improvements that an initial model
can bring to geological interpretations.â
7. OUTLINE
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
1 Problem(s)
Interpretation
Model
Problems Solution Application
2 Solution
Relative
geological age
âThe technical solution we are
proposing is based on the
interpolation of a relative
geological age attribute in the
volume of interest. This is the
volume-based modeling (VBM)
technique.â
8. OUTLINE
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
1 Problem(s)
Interpretation
Model
Problems Solution Application
2 Solution
Relative
geological age
3 Application
x
âA case study detailing the
construction of a 3D model from
a dataset located offshore
Australia will be presented to
demonstrate this technique.â
9. OUTLINE
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
1 Problem(s)
Interpretation
Model
Problems Solution Application
2 Solution
Relative
geological age
3 Application
x
10. FULLY UTILIZED ROCK PHYSICS INFORMATION
Seismic signal
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
âMany algorithms, workflow and software have been developed for integrating rock
physics information coming from seismic data into facies and petrophysical property
models. This is an area in which the seismic data is utilized to its full extent.â
11. FULLY UTILIZED ROCK PHYSICS INFORMATION
Seismic signal
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
12. FULLY UTILIZED ROCK PHYSICS INFORMATION
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
⢠Acoustic impedance
⢠AVO
⢠Seismic inversion
⢠Quantitative
interpretation
13. FULLY UTILIZED ROCK PHYSICS INFORMATION
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Facies & petrophysical
property modeling
14. FULLY UTILIZED ROCK PHYSICS INFORMATION
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Facies & petrophysical
property modeling
15. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Seismic signal
âConversely, only limited structural data is commonly extracted from seismic and
integrated into structural models, in the form of interpreted horizon and fault surfaces.
However, much more information could be exploited: any small âshapeâ seen in the
seismic signal should indeed be used to guide and refine modelled geometries.â
18. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Seismic signalTypical
interpretation
Structural
Model
âOne consequence is that structural models are too often inaccurate or over-simplified.â
19. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Seismic signalTypical
interpretation
Structural
Model
Unexploited
structural
information Above and below
the reservoir
In-between
interpreted horizons
Can help âguidingâ
horizon geometry
20. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Seismic signalTypical
interpretation
Structural
Model
Unexploited
structural
information Above and below
the reservoir
In-between
interpreted horizons
Can help âguidingâ
horizon geometry
How to integrate this
information into a structural
framework?
Without creating 100s of
horizon surfacesâŚ
Patches extracted
automatically from
seismic using the
Extrema technology
(Borgos et al. 2003)
21. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Well logs
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
âTo some extent, the same observation applies to well data...â
22. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Well logs
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
23. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Well logs
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Well top
interpretation
& correlation
24. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Well logs
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Well top
interpretation
& correlation
Structural model
25. UNDER-UTILIZED STRUCTURAL INFORMATION
Well logs
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Problems Solution ApplicationProblems
Well top
interpretation
& correlation
Structural modelRefined
correlation
Bring additional
information on the
structure/thicknesses
framework
How to
facilitate
interpretation? How to
integrate into
the structural
framework?
26. Problems
EXISTING SOLUTIONS - STATE OF THE ART
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Existing techniques (âGlobal interpretationâ)
⢠Mostly automated
ď Little user input
⢠Usually relying on one type of data (e.g. seismic)
ď Lack of integration
[Lomask 2007]
[Pauget 2009]
[Hoyes 2011]
âŚ
Solution Application
âExisting âglobal interpretationâ or âautomated correlationâ techniques are often limited
to one single type of data (e.g. seismic) and do not fully take advantage of the additional
information (well correlation, thickness maps, etc.) used to constrain a structural model.
They would benefit from better integration with the structural model construction.â
27. Problems
EXISTING SOLUTIONS - STATE OF THE ART
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Existing techniques (âGlobal interpretationâ)
⢠Mostly automated
ď Little user input
⢠Usually relying on one type of data (e.g. seismic)
ď Lack of integration
[Lomask 2007]
[Pauget 2009]
[Hoyes 2011]
âŚ
Interpretation
Static model
Dynamic model
Solution Application
28. Problems
EXISTING SOLUTIONS - STATE OF THE ART
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Existing techniques (âGlobal interpretationâ)
⢠Mostly automated
ď Little user input
⢠Usually relying on one type of data (e.g. seismic)
ď Lack of integration
[Lomask 2007]
[Pauget 2009]
[Hoyes 2011]
âŚ
Interpretation
Static model
Dynamic modelHistory
matching
Solution Application
29. Problems
EXISTING SOLUTIONS - STATE OF THE ART
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Existing techniques (âGlobal interpretationâ)
⢠Mostly automated
ď Little user input
⢠Usually relying on one type of data (e.g. seismic)
ď Lack of integration
[Lomask 2007]
[Pauget 2009]
[Hoyes 2011]
âŚ
Interpretation
Static model
Dynamic model
Mostly
Manual
History
matching
Solution Application
30. Problems
Our
solution
EXISTING SOLUTIONS - STATE OF THE ART
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Existing techniques (âGlobal interpretationâ)
⢠Mostly automated
ď Little user input
⢠Usually relying on one type of data (e.g. seismic)
ď Lack of integration
[Lomask 2007]
[Pauget 2009]
[Hoyes 2011]
âŚ
Interpretation
Static model
Dynamic modelHistory
matching
Solution Application
âThe current reservoir modeling workflow tends to follow a waterfall approach: while
history matching techniques allowing to modify the static model as a function of dynamic
results are well known, little has been done to facilitate the refinement of interpretation
data from static models.â
31. Problems
Our
solution
EXISTING SOLUTIONS - STATE OF THE ART
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Existing techniques (âGlobal interpretationâ)
⢠Mostly automated
ď Little user input
⢠Usually relying on one type of data (e.g. seismic)
ď Lack of integration
[Lomask 2007]
[Pauget 2009]
[Hoyes 2011]
âŚ
Interpretation
Static model
Dynamic modelHistory
matching
Solution Application
32. PRINCIPLES OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
Independent
surfaces
âSurface-based modeling techniques consist in modeling horizons and faults surfaces
consecutively, then gluing these surfaces together to form a watertight model.â
33. PRINCIPLES OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
Independent
surfaces
Sealed model
glue
âSurface-based modeling techniques consist in modeling horizons and faults surfaces
consecutively, then gluing these surfaces together to form a watertight model.â
34. PRINCIPLES OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
Independent
surfaces
Sealed model
glue
Initial volume
35. PRINCIPLES OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
Independent
surfaces
Sealed model
glue
Relative geological
age (RGA)
Initial volume
36. PRINCIPLES OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
Independent
surfaces
Sealed model
glue
Relative geological
age (RGA)
Low
High
Initial volume
37. PRINCIPLES OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
Independent
surfaces
Sealed model
glue
split
Relative geological
age (RGA)
Low
High
Initial volume
âThe volume-based modeling technique we are proposing consists in interpolating first a
relative geological age attribute in 3D, and then using iso-surfaces of this attribute to
partition the volume into several geological layers.â
38. PRINCIPLES OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
Independent
surfaces
Sealed model
glue
split
Relative geological
age (RGA)
Low
High
Initial volume
39. IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
High
Low
Relative geological
age
40. IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
High
Low
Relative geological
age
Structural modeling = property modeling exercise
Isovalues = horizon surfaces
Gradient:
⢠Direction = dip
⢠Magnitude = thickness
Controls:
âVolume-based modeling turns structural modeling into a property modeling exercise:
interpolating the relative geological age (RGA) based on interpretation data. Not only does
this improve the robustness of the modeling and the geological consistency of the results,
but it also makes it possible to better control the geometry of the model through advanced
constraints on the value and the gradient of the RGA.â
41. IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
High
Low
Relative geological
age
Structural modeling = property modeling exercise
Isovalues = horizon surfaces
Gradient:
⢠Direction = dip
⢠Magnitude = thickness
Controls:
Challenge: discontinuities
Unconformities Faults
âIn implementing this approach, one major challenge is to properly account for structural
discontinuities such as faults and unconformities. This is solved by interpolating the RGA on a
discontinuous support, which is represented by an unstructured mesh.â
42. IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
High
Low
Relative geological
age
Structural modeling = property modeling exercise
Isovalues = horizon surfaces
Gradient:
⢠Direction = dip
⢠Magnitude = thickness
Controls:
Solution: unstructured meshChallenge: discontinuities
Unconformities Faults
âIn implementing this approach, one major challenge is to properly account for structural
discontinuities such as faults and unconformities. This is solved by interpolating the RGA on a
discontinuous support, which is represented by an unstructured mesh.â
43. IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
Solution ApplicationProblems
High
Low
Relative geological
age
Structural modeling = property modeling exercise
Isovalues = horizon surfaces
Gradient:
⢠Direction = dip
⢠Magnitude = thickness
Controls:
Solution: unstructured meshChallenge: discontinuities
Unconformities Faults
52. Interpretation
Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â BASIC CONSTRAINTS
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
Missing
interpretation
Imperfect
contacts
53. Interpretation
Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â BASIC CONSTRAINTS
Basic constraints:
⢠Control value
⢠Smooth gradient
Relative geological age
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
Missing
interpretation
Imperfect
contacts
54. Interpretation
Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â BASIC CONSTRAINTS
Basic constraints:
⢠Control value
⢠Smooth gradient
Relative geological age
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
Missing
interpretation
Imperfect
contacts
1 horizon = 1 age
Minimize variations of dips and thicknesses
55. Interpretation
Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â BASIC CONSTRAINTS
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
Watertight geological model
Missing
interpretation
Imperfect
contacts
âGlobalâ
technique
56. Interpretation
Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â BASIC CONSTRAINTS
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
Watertight geological model
Missing
interpretation
Imperfect
contacts
âGlobalâ
technique
âUsing volume-based modeling, all the horizons that conform to each other (i.e. that
belong to the same sequence) are interpolated simultaneously, yielding a watertight
model. Thanks to the regularization constraint which maximizes the smoothness of the
gradient of the RGA, layer thickness variations are minimized.â
57. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â EXAMPLES
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*) Physical (sandbox) models courtesy Fault Dynamics Research Group, Royal Holloway
University of London.
58. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED CONSTRAINTS (1)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolutionSolution
59. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED CONSTRAINTS (1)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
âBasicâ
constraints only
Inaccurate
interpolation
Solution
60. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED CONSTRAINTS (1)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
With âFault
displacementâ
constraint
Same âunknownâ
relative geological age
Solution
61. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED CONSTRAINTS (1)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
With âFault
displacementâ
constraint
Same âunknownâ
relative geological age
Solution
Constraint on the
RGA value
62. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED CONSTRAINTS (1)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolution
With âFault
displacementâ
constraint
Same âunknownâ
relative geological age
Solution
Constraint on the
RGA value
âOne advanced numerical constraint, similar in concept to the one described in Calcagno
et al. (2007) enables to constrain the value of the RGA at several arbitrary points so that
these points correspond to the same value of the RGA, without specifying this value. This
constraint makes it possible to interpret and control fault displacement (or apparent
displacement) on seismic sections.â
63. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED CONSTRAINTS (2)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolutionSolution
⢠âDip directionâ
constraint
⢠âFold axisâ
constraint
âIdealâ
surfaces
Modeled
surfaces
64. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED CONSTRAINTS (2)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolutionSolution
⢠âDip directionâ
constraint
⢠âFold axisâ
constraint
Constraints on
the RGA gradient
âIdealâ
surfaces
Modeled
surfaces
65. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED CONSTRAINTS (2)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolutionSolution
⢠âDip directionâ
constraint
⢠âFold axisâ
constraint
Constraints on
the RGA gradient
âIdealâ
surfaces
Modeled
surfaces
âOther advanced constraints allow to control the orientation of the RGA gradient, and
therefore the dip of the interpolated layers or the orientation of structural axis. Thank to
such constraints, models can be created from very sparse data â such as dip measurements
along wellbores. This slide presents a small synthetic example in which a cylindrical fold is
reconstructed from two wells.â
66. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED OUTPUTS
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolutionSolution
3D model
Correlation for
faulted models or
deviated wells
RGA
Relative geological age
Volume-based model
67. Problems
VOLUME BASED MODELING â ADVANCED OUTPUTS
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolutionSolution
3D model
Correlation for
faulted models or
deviated wells
RGA
Relative geological age
Volume-based model
âBeyond the integration of advanced structural data to build structural models, volume-
based modeling yields attributes which can be used to refine interpretation data. In this
example, the RGA attribute is extracted along well paths and used to guide and refine well
correlation.â
68. Problems
CASE STUDY â AUSTRALIAN MODEL (1)
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
ApplicationSolutionSolution
Dataset
⢠Area located offshore Western Australia
⢠3D seismic block
⢠8 wells with interpreted tops
Challenges:
⢠Complex stratigraphy (baselaps,
discontinuity and erosion)
⢠Complex structure: X, Y and Ν faults
⢠Model from sea-bottom to underburden
Seismic data courtesy Geosciences Australia
70. Problems
CASE STUDY â AUSTRALIAN MODEL (2)
ApplicationSolutionSolution
â2D seismic reconstruction â which exploits a 2D version of volume-based modeling â
helped to interpret the seismic, and to validate the final interpretation.â
71. Problems
CASE STUDY â AUSTRALIAN MODEL (3)
ApplicationSolutionSolution
⢠165 faults interpreted from seismic attributes (Ant tracking)
⢠Refining horizon interpretation iteratively by comparing
reconstructed horizons and seismic reflectors
⢠Add 4 horizons based on sparse data:
â From available well tops
â Without using isochore maps
Seismic data courtesy Geosciences Australia
1
2
3
72. Problems
CASE STUDY â AUSTRALIAN MODEL (4)
ApplicationSolutionSolution
âThe model was created iteratively: first, a very sparse interpretation was created, and an
initial coarse model was built from this interpretation. The initial model was then used to
refine further the seismic interpretation. In parallel, patches extracted using the Extrema
technology were extracted, filtered, and integrated into the refined model using a
numerical constraint similar to the one described previously for controlling fault
displacement. This iterative workflow allowed to optimize both the model construction
time and the accuracy of the results.â
102. Problems
CONCLUSION
IPTC-18216-MS⢠Construction of Structural Models Using the Volume-Based Modelling Technology ⢠Laurent Souche
SolutionSolution ApplicationApplication
⢠New âGlobalâ modeling technique
⢠Based on interpolation of Relative Geological Age
⢠Allows controlling dip, thickness and âcorrelationâ
⢠Can integrate large amounts of data and heterogeneous data types
⢠Ties with âGlobal interpretationâ (e.g. Extrema technology)
⢠Can be used to enrich interpretation
103. Acknowledgements / Thank You / Questions
Acknowledgements
⢠Schlumberger Information Solutions and Rocksoft
⢠Geosciences Australia (case-study seismic dataset)
⢠Fault Dynamics Research Group, Royal Holloway University of London
(physical sandbox models)
⢠Montpellier Technology Center and Structural Geology Team
104. Solution ApplicationProblems
For the technically minded, the two next slides give a bit more details about
the interpolation of the Relative Geological Attribute.
They have been extracted from the following presentation:
Volume Based Modeling - Automated Construction of Complex
Structural Models, L. Souche, F. Lepage and G. Iskenova, EAGE 2013
106. CONSTRAINTS OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
Solution ApplicationProblems
⢠Control points constraint:
ď§ Sets the value of the implicit function (IF)
ď§ At a given point in space ď¨ ďŠďŞ
ďĄďŞ
Control
Point
0ďĄ
1ďĄ
2ďĄ3ďĄ
N
Common
face
⢠Smooth gradient constraint:
ď§ Constrains the gradient of the IF
ď§ Ensures smooth variations
⢠Discontinuities in tetrahedral mesh:
ď§ Break continuity of the interpolation
ď§ Used to model e.g. faults
107. CONSTRAINTS OF VOLUME-BASED MODELING
Solution ApplicationProblems
⢠Control points constraint:
ď§ Sets the value of the implicit function (IF)
ď§ At a given point in space ď¨ ďŠďŞ
ďĄďŞ
Control
Point
0ďĄ
1ďĄ
2ďĄ3ďĄ
N
Common
face
⢠Smooth gradient constraint:
ď§ Constrains the gradient of the IF
ď§ Ensures smooth variations
⢠Discontinuities in tetrahedral mesh:
ď§ Break continuity of the interpolation
ď§ Used to model e.g. faults
ďş
ďş
ďş
ďť
ďš
ďŞ
ďŞ
ďŞ
ďŤ
ďŠ
ď˝
0
gradient
tpoincontrol
F ďŚ
ďŚ
& ďş
ďş
ďş
ďť
ďš
ďŞ
ďŞ
ďŞ
ďŤ
ďŠ
ď˝
0
gradient
tpoincontrol
F ďŚ
ďŚ
Numberofconstraints
Number of nodes
ď Linear system of equations
ď Unknowns đ(đźđ)= IF values at the nodes of the tetrahedral mesh
ď Solved using incomplete QR factorization
ďŻ
ďŻ
ďž
ďŻďŻ
ď˝
ďź
ďş
ďş
ďş
ďť
ďš
ďŞ
ďŞ
ďŞ
ďŤ
ďŠ
ď˝
equationsgradientconst
equationsgradient
equationstinpocontrol
C
C
C
A
.