1. arly Medieval
and
omanesque

2. Map of Western Europe, ca. 1100

3. Early Medieval:
Hiberno-Saxon
Dates and Places:
• 7th-9th century
• British Isles
People:
• Christians
• In monasteries
• Working in scriptoria
• Living in isolation Crucifixion, Lindau Gospels,
ca. 870, Switzerland Fig. 6-1.

4. Early Medieval:
Hiberno-Saxon
Themes:
• Gospel books (New
Testament)
• Symbolic images
Forms:
• Interlace inherited from
warrior lords
• Stylized human and animal
forms
• Illuminations
Chi-rho-iota page, Book of Kells,
• Tempera on vellum late eighth or early ninth century.
Scotland, Fig. 6-4.

5. Book
of
Kells
Chi-rho-iota page (details)
Book of Kells
late 8th or early 9th century
tempera on vellum
Fig. 6-4.

6. Early
Medieval:
Hiberno-
Saxon
Carpet page, Lindisfarne
Gospels, ca. 698–721.
Fig. 6-3.

7. Early Medieval:
Hiberno-Saxon
• Illuminated
manuscript
• Tempera on vellum
• Carpet page before
gospel text
• Cross & interlace with
zoomorphic forms
(serpentine animals)
• No narrative Carpet page, Lindisfarne Gospels,
ca. 698–721, England, Fig. 6-3.

8. Lindisfarne Gospels
Carpet page, Lindisfarne
Gospels (details)
ca. 698–721. Fig. 6-3.

9. Early Medieval vs. Islamic Art
Carpet page, Lindisfarne Mihrab from the Madrasa Imami
Gospels, ca. 698–721. Fig. 6-3. Iran, ca. 1354. Fig. 5-11.

10. Early Medieval:
Carolingian
Dates and Places:
• 800-900
• France
People:
• Charlemagne, Holy
Roman Emperor
• Revival of Roman
Empire
• Importance of Saint Matthew, Coronation Gospels (Gospel Book of
Charlemagne, ca. 800–810. Aachen, Germany,
learning Fig. 6-5.

11. Early Medieval:
Carolingian
Themes:
• Gospel books
• Monastery
Forms:
• Illusionism
• Local traditions
• Monastic
Seated Scribe
compound with ca. 2600 BCE
basilica Egyptian
• Classical styles Saint Matthew, Ebbo Gospels,
ca. 816–835. Fig. 6-6.

12. Early Medieval:
Carolingian
Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne,
Plan of the Palatine Chapel, 792–805 CE, Aachen, Germany
792–805. Fig. 6-7. Fig. 6-8.

13. Early Medieval:
Carolingian
• Central plan inspired
by Ravenna
• Byzantine style
• Renewal of
architecture of
Christian Rome
• Charlemagne’s palace
chapel
Plan of the Palatine Chapel, 792–
805. Fig. 6-7.

14. Roman & Byzantine Architecture
Façade & restored cutaway view
of the Pantheon, 118-125CE.
Fig. 3-38.
ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES and ISIDORUS OF
MILETUS, Hagia Sophia, 532–537. Fig. 4-11.

15. Early Medieval:
Ottonian
Dates and Places:
• 900-1000
• France
People:
• Heirs of Charlemagne
• Inspired by Rome
Crucifix, ca. 970. Cologne Cathedral,
Germany, Fig. 6-13.

16. Early Medieval:
Ottonian
Themes:
• Biblical themes
• Church
Forms:
• Stylized and
conceptual figures
• Expressive
exaggeration
• Basilica
• Monumental sculpture Section and plan Saint Michael’s,
1001–1031, Hildesheim, Germany
Fig. 6-11.

17. Early Medieval: aisles
Ottonian transept
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQsE4ZGkOCw&feature=related
Saint Michael’s,1001–1031.
Fig. 6-10. nave

18. Early Medieval: Saint Michael’s, 1001–1031.
Fig. 6-10.
Ottonian
• Basilica (first
Roman, then
Christian)
• Towers at both
ends
• Alternate-support
system
• Modular plan
based on crossing
• Two transepts
Plan and cutaway, Old Saint Peter’s, begun ca. 319.

19. Romanesque
Dates and Places:
• 1000-1200
• Western Europe
People:
• Pilgrimage
• Crusades
• Fear of judgment
• Church building boom
• Cult of relics
Head Reliquary of St. Alexander, 1145, Belgium, Fig. 6-24

20. The Modern Pilgrimage
Antietam National Battlefield, Maryland
On right: William Eggleston
Untitled (Portrait of Elvis
At Graceland)
1982-83

21. Romanesque
Themes:
• Biblical themes
• Judgment
• Saints and martyrs
• Relics
Forms:
• Expressive exaggeration
• Cruciform pilgrimage
churches
• Barrel vaults, buttressing
• Bestiaries Initial R, Moralia in Job,
France, ca. 1115–1125. Fig. 6-22.

22. Romanesque: France
ambulatory
radiating chapels
Saint-Sernin, ca. 1070–1120
Toulouse, France, Fig. 6-14.
Plan, Saint-Sernin, ca.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlNTI1Cs2qw 1070–1120. Fig. 6-15.

23. Romanesque: France
• Pilgrimage church
• Radiating chapels
• Ambulatory
• Side aisles
• Barrel and groin vaults Saint-Sernin , ca. 1070–1120.
Fig. 6-14.
• Nave bays, crossing
• Engaged columns,
compound piers
• Crossing tower
Plan, Saint-Sernin, ca. 1070–
1120. Fig. 6-15.

24. Romanesque: France

25. Romanesque: France
GISLEBERTUS, Last Judgment, St. Lazare, Autun, France, ca. 1120–1135. Fig. 6-20.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PATkTJhAUhM

26. Romanesque
• Tympanum sculpture
• Fear of judgment
• Door to salvation
• Expressive exaggeration
• Christ in mandorla
• For illiterate
GISLEBERTUS, Last Judgment (details),
ca. 1120–1135. Fig. 6-20.

27. Romanesque:
Holy Roman
Empire
Hildegard from Scivias,
ca. 1180, detail of facsimile, Bingen,
Germany, Fig. 6-23.

28. Romanesque:
Holy Roman Empire
• Nun (Hildegard of
Bingen) with visions
• Abbess of convent
• Illustration of own vision
• Picturing scribe work
• Conceptual treatment of
figures and space
Hildegard from Scivias, ca.
1180. Fig. 6-23.

29. Romanesque: Normandy
Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry, ca. 1070–1080. Fig. 6-26.
http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/bayeux-tapestry.html

30. Romanesque: Normandy
• Rare secular object
• Embroidered pictorial
narrative (230 ft long)
• Duke William
(Norman) conquers
King Harold (England)
following betrayal
• Above is the funeral
of King Edward
• Narrative framed by
Funeral Procession to
border designs
Westminster Abbey,
showing fallen Bayeux Tapestry, ca.
soldiers and animal 1070–1080. Fig. 6-
motifs 26.
• History as told by the
victor
• Battle conventions
from Greece and
Rome

31. Greco-Roman Battle Scenes
Philoxenos of Eretria, Battle of Issus,
ca. 310BCE, Late Classical Period,
Greece
Column of Trajan
& detail, 112CE.
High Empire
Rome

32. Romanesque: England
Saint Matthew, Ebbo Gospels, ca.
816–835. Fig. 6-6.
Eadwine the Scribe, Eadwine Psalter, ca. 1160–1170. Fig. 6-32.

33. Romanesque: England
• Identifiable artist (Eadwine the
Scribe)
• For psalter
• Author portrait mimics evangelist
portrait
• Scribe at work
• Divisions of drapery not related to
body beneath
• Conceptual treatment of figure
and space
• To establish artist’s fame & honor
God
Eadwine the Scribe, Eadwine
Psalter, ca. 1160–1170.
Fig. 6-32.