LINKERS (THOUGH, HOWEVER, NEVERTHELESS, ETC).ppt

Linguagens, Códigos e suas
Tecnologias – Inglês
Ensino Médio, 3° Ano
Linkers
(though, however, nevertheless, etc)

INGLÊS, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Linkers
Imagem: Pumbaa80 / Public Domain
Since
yet
and
because
for
but
until
however

Linkers
Linkers, também chamados de conjuctions ou linking
words (conjunções), são palavras ou grupo de palavras
que ligam orações ou termos de mesma função sintática.
Podem ainda ligar parágrafos. São importantes para dar
coesão ao texto.
Vejamos alguns exemplos de linkers:
e.g.
I like English but it is a hard language to learn.
I cannot eat and speak at the same time.

Linkers
Nesse exemplo,
temos a conjunção
conclusiva therefore
que exprime
conclusão de
pensamento,
equivalente em
português a logo,
ligando sentenças.
Imagem: CDC / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / United States Department of
Health and Human Services
I think,
therefore I
am.
I think,
therefore I
reduce, reuse
an recycle.

Linkers
Nesse anúncio contra o fumo,
podemos observar outro
exemplo de conjunção aditiva
and (equivalente à conjunção “e”,
em português) exprimindo a
ideia de soma, adição, ligando
termos de mesma função
sintática.
Imagem: Silverxxx (talk) / GNU Free
Documentation License

Linkers
Vamos estudar as conjunções mais usuais em
inglês, com suas traduções correspondentes.
Para exprimir adição, temos:
And (e)
Moreover ( além do mais, além de )
In addition ( além do mais, além de )
Furthermore ( além do mais, além de )
Besides ( além do mais, além de )
What´s more ( além do mais, além de )
Not only... but also ( não só... mas também )
Para exprimir adição, temos:
And (e)
Moreover (além do mais, além de)
In addition (além do mais, além de)
Furthermore (além do mais, além de)
Besides (além do mais, além de)
What´s more (além do mais, além de)
Not only... but also (não só... mas também)

Linkers
Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando adição :
I usually work in the morning and sleep in the
afternoon.
She is not only tired but also hungry.
The house is very old. Moreover, the rent is very
expensive.

Linkers
Para exprimir contraste, temos:
But (mas)
Although (embora)
Though (embora)
However (todavia )
Nevertheless (entretanto)
Yet (contudo)
On the other hand (por outro lado)

Linkers
Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando contraste:
The lecture was long but interesting.
I am not very good at English. However, I try hard.
She is very rich, yet I can see tears in her eyes.
Although she was sick, she went to school.

Linkers
Para exprimir razão ou causa, temos:
Because (porque )
As (como, porque)
Since (como)

Linkers
Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando razão ou
causa:
As it was raining heavy, I drove to work.
She didn´t go to school because she was very sick.
Since he was very busy, I typed all the letters.

Linkers
Para exprimir resultado ou conclusão, temos:
Therefore (logo)
Consequently (consequentemente)
So (por isso)
Thus (assim)

Linkers
Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando conclusão:
I was sick, so I decided to stay in bed.
He was not paying much attention. Consequently, he
could not answer the questions.
He jogs every day, therefore he is fit.
They laid off many employees and thus cut costs.

Linkers
Para exprimir uma condição, temos:
If (se)
Unless (a menos que)
Provided that (se)
Providing that (se)
In case (caso)

Linkers
Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando condição:
I can lend you some money provided that you pay it
back.
She won´t go unless you go too.
Bring some food in case you get hungry.
If you don´t study, you will not pass.

Linkers
Para exprimir finalidade, temos:
So that (para que, a fim de que)
In order to (para)
So as to (para)

Linkers
Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando finalidade:
I put on my glasses in order to see better.
She is studying Spanish so that she can live in
Madrid.
I called him up so as to invite him to the party.

Linkers
Para exprimir alternativa:
Or (ou)
Either... or (ou...ou)
Neither... nor (nem...nem)
Instead (em vez de)

Linkers
Alguns exemplos de sentenças usando alternativa:
I can´t decide whether to study German or French.
Either you shut up or you will leave the classroom.
Neither my brother nor my sister lived in New York.
There is no beer. Would you like some wine instead ?

Linkers
Exercício 1
Complete as sentenças usando os seguintes linkers: and,
moreover, but, therefore, unless, so that, e not only... but
also.
a)You won´t get cancer.................. you smoke.
b)Smoking is harmful. ..................., it is expensive.
c)She is............... sleepy .................... thirsty.
d)They may be rich, .............. a little sad.
e)I am studying French ............... I can travel to Paris.
f)I think ........................ I recycle.
g)Tidy up your room ............... then take a shower.
unless
Moreover
not only but also
but
so that
therefore
and

Linkers
Exercício 2
Complete as sentenças usando os seguintes linkers: if,
as, although, nevertheless, consequently, so as to e
instead.
a) Wash your hands ..................... avoid diseases.
b) ................... it was raining, we went to the beach.
c) I will have the hot tea..........................
d) The flight was overbooked. ...................., the
departure was delayed.
e) ..............Mary was very sick, she slept all day long.
f) His wife was sick. ........................, he flew to Miami.
g) .......... you need some money, just give me a call.
so as to
Although
instead
Consequently
As
Nevertheless
If

Linkers
Exercício 3 (UNIFESP 2003 – Adapted)
Moreover, they do not allow patients to act meaningfully.
Na frase acima, a palavra MOREOVER pode ser
substituída, sem mudar o sentido, por:
a) Furthermore.
b) However.
c) Thus.
d) Nevertheless.
e) Rather.
A

Linkers
Exercício 4 (PUC-SP, 2003)
Na frase "Students were either leftist or they would keep
their mouths shut". A expressão either... or indica uma
ideia de:
a) exclusão.
b) inclusão.
c) gradação.
d) predominância.
e) enumeração.
A

Linkers
Exercício 5 (UNIRIO, 2003)
In "You hate air conditioning, YET your houses deal with
changes in the weather," the discourse marker yet
denotes:
a) addition.
b) cause.
c) contrast.
d) comparison.
e) condition.
C

Linkers
Exercício 6 (UNESP, 1997)
Marque a alternativa que completa corretamente as
lacunas na sentença a seguir:
Charles ... Mary are brother ... sister.
a) or / and
b) and / or
c) and / but
d) and / and
e) but / and
D

Linkers
Exercício 7
Marque a alternativa que completa corretamente a
lacuna que vemos na sentença abaixo.
The teacher explained the rules slowly, ................... the
students could not understand them.
a)if
b)furthermore
c)yet
d)besides
e)so that
c

Linkers
Exercício 8
.................. it is snowing, we won´t be able to go to the
mall.
a)Because of
b)For
c)So that
d)So as to
e)Since
E

Linkers
Exercício 9
Marque a alternativa correta.
She will give me her phone number so that I can phone
her if I need to.
A expressão destacada exprime...
a)causa
b)alternância
c)finalidade
d)contraste
e)adição
C

Linkers
Exercício 10
Some people hate driving in the rush hour, ........... they
take a bus instead.
a)since
b)because
c)though
d)so
e)yet
D

Linkers
The end

Tabela de Imagens
n° do
slide
direito da imagem como está ao lado da foto link do site onde se consegiu a informação Data do
Acesso
2 Pumbaa80 / Public Domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smiley.svg 29/08/2012
4 CDC / Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention / United States Department of
Health and Human Services
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_people
_talking.tiff
29/08/2012
5 Silverxxx (talk) / GNU Free Documentation
License
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smoking_w
arning_australia.jpg
29/08/2012

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