Shale Canada Water Recycling and Reuse 2015 Congress
I had the opportunity to speak at the Canadian Shale Water Recycling and Reuse Congress last week in Calgary where I shared Imaginea’s plan to stop using freshwater for any operations by the second part of 2016. Like the majority of producers in central Alberta we produce a lot of saline water in our operations. This produced water should be the obvious source of water for all our operational needs. In 2009 it took our industry on average 0.14 bbls of water to produce a barrel of oil. By 2013 this had increased to 0.20 bbl and is continuing to grow. Based on the nature of oil to water that we produce, we are a water producer. We take and sell the oil and gas, but really we are in the business of producing water. So it is quite clear that our industry needs to invest and learn how to cost effectively process produced water so that it can be used to satisfy all our production needs without using any additional freshwater. This is an obvious choice as our use of fresh water results in permanent withdrawal of fresh water from the hydrologic cycle, removing it forever. At Imaginea we realized that if we could even use a portion of the water we produce to further our hydrocarbon production then it would mean we would use less to no freshwater which today comes from an irrigation canal that was put in place to supply water for agriculture and livestock. By figuring out how to cost effectively use processed water we will gain a highly reliable source of water at a predictable cost in addition to increasing social acceptance for our industry. If you have any questions about my presentation or our initiatives please let me know.
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Shale Canada Water Recycling and Reuse 2015 Congress
- 11. Properties of Imaginea’s Produced Water Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 29,273 38,523 47,208 pH 8.0 7.5 8.0 Sodium (Na) mg/l 9,697 12,052 14,452 Chlorides (Cl) mg/l 9,000 8,100 8,250 Bicarbonates (HCO3 ) mg/l 10,492 18,300 24,400
- 12. Our Starting Point (fresh water substitute) 1. Produce irrigation and livestock quality water a. Total Dissolved Solids: < 1,000 mg/l b. pH: 6.5 - 8.5 c. Electrical conductivity: < 1ds/m 2. Use waste heat to power the process 3. Inject concentrated brine back to reservoir without compatibility issues (dilute with produced water)
- 13. Produced Water 10,000m3 /d 50,000 mg/l 150m3 /d 50,000 mg/l 100m3 /d 500 mg/lWater Processing 50m3 /d 149,000 mg/l Water Injection 9,900m3 /d 50,500 mg/l A B C D E
- 14. SaltMakerTM Low Temperature Crystallizer ● Multiple effect humidified air cycle ● Thermally driven: 60-85°C ● Electrical energy*: 21.45kWh/m3 ● Thermal energy*: 1.34 GJ/m3 * Water Produced www.saltworkstech.com
- 16. SaltMaker S100, concentrated brine option Annual Water Production (90% uptime, 80m3/d @ 56% water recovery ) 26,306m3 CapEx $ 3,000,000 CapEx (20 years) $5.70/m3 Electrical Energy Cost (at $0.10/kWh) $2.15/m3 Thermal Energy Cost (0, assumed to use waste heat) $0.00/m3 Labour and maintenance ($75k/year) $2.28/m3 OpEx $4.43/m3 Total Cost of Ownership $10.13/m3
- 17. ALTELARAIN® ● Evaporation/condensation technology ● Thermally driven: >120°C ● Electrical energy: 88.8kWh/m3 ● Thermal energy: 1.58 GJ/m3 www.altelainc.com
- 19. Altela Rain Demonstration Unit Annual Water Production (90% uptime, 5.75m3/d @ 25.3% water recovery ) 2,099m3 CapEx $ 350,000 CapEx (20 years) $8.34/m3 Electrical Energy Cost (at $0.10/kWh) $8.88/m3 Thermal Energy Cost (0, assumed to use waste heat) $0.00/m3 Labour and maintenance ($25k/year) $11.90/m3 OpEx $20.78/m3 Total Cost of Ownership $29.12/m3
- 20. There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all. Peter F. Drucker
- 21. A better strategy 1. Process your produced water as little as possible a. ensure compatibility with reservoir fluids b. minimize chemical use 2. Inject concentrated brine back to reservoir a. ensure compatibility with reservoir fluids b. no disposal fees
- 24. The RDI™ Cell ● Radial deionization technology technology ● Single RDITM cylinder: 27m3 /d ● Cycle Time: 2 -20 min ● Standard skid: 20 cylinders, 1.25 m x 5.25m, max. 540m3 /d www.atlantis-water.com
- 25. Salinity reduction from 75,000ppm to 5,000ppm CapEx $1.70/m3 Electric Energy 2.00/m3 Maintenance 1.00/m3 Total OpEx 3.00/m3 Total Cost of Ownership $7.70/m3 Clean Water Recovery, up to 95% High Salinity, up to 100,000ppm Removes TDS, Sulfates, hardness & heavy metals With the right approach Total Cost of Ownership should be less than $5.00/m3
- 26. What about other technologies? ● Reverse Osmosis (RO) ● Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) ● Brine Concentrators, and Evaporators ● Capacitive Deionization (CapDI)
- 27. Going Forward at Imaginea ● Process our produced water as little as possible and use it instead of irrigation water ○ Process some of the partially desalinated water into fresh water with additional RDI or RO for specific operations ● Inject concentrated brine back to reservoir without compatibility issues (dilute with produced water) ● Integrate water processing with existing facility operations and behind-the-fence cogeneration ● Achieve ZERO FRESH WATER USE for ALL operations