Weitere ähnliche Inhalte Kürzlich hochgeladen (20) 1. Building Energy Modeling and
Building Envelope Design
PROFESSOR ENRICO DE ANGELIS
KRISTIAN GJOKA – ENRICO SALCUNI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
MSC BUILDING ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016
14. Assumptions on adjacent zones
Month
Difference of Monthly
Average Temperature
JANUARY 0.51%
FEBRUARY 0.09%
MARCH 0.03%
APRIL 0.12%
MAY 0.10%
JUNE 0.10%
JULY 0.11%
AUGUST 0.12%
SEPTEMBER 0.18%
OCTOBER 0.15%
NOVEMBER 0.31%
DECEMBER 0.33%
03/40
17. Glazing system
• Al frame with thermal break
• Ratio spandrel to glazing 1/3
• Spandrel stratigraphy: Rockwool 8 cm
2 steel sheets of 2 mm
• Double Clear Glass 44,1
with 16mm air gap
• Uf = 5,68 𝑊
𝑚2 𝐾
• Ug = 2,655 𝑊
𝑚2 𝐾
• SHGC = 0,703
• τ = 0,776
Ventilation
• 1 vol/h during business hours, Ø otherwise
Baseline Model
Slab mass
• Massless layers, except for tiles and plasterboard
• OVERALL WINDOW
• Uw = 3,064 𝑾
𝒎 𝟐 𝑲
• SHGC = 0,696
• τ = 0,690
06/40
19. Optimizations:
1. Glazing System (double/triple glazing, different coatings)
2. Ratio of opaque to transparent area
3. Shading System (venetians, overhang)
4. Thermal inertia (massless/massive slabs)
5. Night time ventilation (2-5-10 vol/h)
08/40
20. GLAZING
DEGREE HOURS YEARLY ENERGY DEMAND
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Baseline
U=3.064
VT=0.690
SHGC=0.696
LowE
U=2.033
VT=0.666
SHGC=0.538
Selective
U=2.006
VT=0.604
SHGC=0.429
Selective + LowE
U=1.988
VT=0.583
SHGC=0.420
Triple glazing
U=1.478
VT=0.499
SHGC=0.363
Triple Ar
U=1.337
VT=0.499
SHGC=0.357
[DegreeHours]
Winter Summer
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Baseline
U=3.064
VT=0.690
SHGC=0.696
LowE
U=2.033
VT=0.666
SHGC=0.538
Selective
U=2.006
VT=0.604
SHGC=0.429
Selective + LowE
U=1.988
VT=0.583
SHGC=0.420
Triple glazing
U=1.478
VT=0.499
SHGC=0.363
Triple Ar
U=1.337
VT=0.499
SHGC=0.357
[kWh/m2]
Heating Cooling
09/40
21. GLAZING – LOW-E
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
LOW-E
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
10/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
22. -10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOW E
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
11/40
AVERAGE DAY - JANUARY
GLAZING – LOW-E
23. AVERAGE DAY - AUGUST
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOW-E
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
12/40GLAZING – LOW-E
24. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
LOW E
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
13/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
GLAZING – SELECTIVE
25. GLAZING – SELECTIVE
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
SELECTIVE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
13/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
26. -10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
SELECTIVE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
14/40
AVERAGE DAY - JANUARY
GLAZING – SELECTIVE
27. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
SELECTIVE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
15/40
AVERAGE DAY - AUGUST
GLAZING – SELECTIVE
28. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
SELECTIVE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
16/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
GLAZING – SELECTIVE + LOW-E
29. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
SELECTIVE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
SEL + LOW-E
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
16/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
GLAZING – SELECTIVE + LOW-E
32. DEGREE HOURS YEARLY ENERGY DEMAND
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Baseline 3/4
glazing
2/3 glazing Overhang 0.5
m
Venetian 15°
[DegreeHours]
Winter Summer
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Baseline 3/4
glazing
2/3 glazing Overhang 0.5
m
Venetian 15°
[kWh/m2]
Heating Cooling
18/40SHADING
33. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
OVERHANGS
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
19/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
SHADING – OVERHANGS
34. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
VENETIANS
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
20/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
SHADING – VENETIANS
35. -10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
OVERHANG
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
21/40
AVERAGE DAY - JANUARY
SHADING – OVERHANGS
36. -10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
VENETIANS
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
22/40
AVERAGE DAY - JANUARY
SHADING – VENETIANS
37. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
OVERHANG
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
23/40
AVERAGE DAY - AUGUST
SHADING – OVERHANGS
38. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
VENETIANS
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
24/40
AVERAGE DAY - AUGUST
SHADING – VENETIANS
41. MASS AND VENTILATION
DEGREE HOURS YEARLY ENERGY DEMAND
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Baseline no
mass
High mass
slab
Vent. 2
vol/h
Vent. 5
vol/h
Vent. 10
vol/h
[DegreeHours]
Winter Summer
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Baseline High mass
slab
Vent. 2
vol/h
Vent. 5
vol/h
Vent.10
vol/h
[kWh/m2]
Heating Cooling
26/40
42. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
10 VOL/H
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
27/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
VENTILATION
43. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
10 VOL/H
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
28/40
AVERAGE DAY - AUGUST
VENTILATION
44. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
MASSIVE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
29/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
MASSIVE SLAB
45. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
MASSIVE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
30/40
AVERAGE DAY - AUGUST
MASSIVE SLAB
46. -10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BASELINE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
MASSIVE
Extremes Zone Temperature [°C] Set Point
31/40
AVERAGE DAY - JANUARY
MASSIVE SLAB
53. DEGREE HOURS YEARLY ENERGY DEMAND
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Baseline Vent.10 vol/h High mass slab Mass + Vent.10 Mass + Vent.10
+ Select.
Mass + Vent.10
+ Select. +
Shading
[DegreeHours]
Summer Winter
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
Baseline Vent.10 vol/h High mass slab Mass + Vent.10 Mass + Vent.10
+ Select.
Mass + Vent.10
+ Select. +
Shading
[kWh/m2]
Cooling Heating
37/40COMBINATION STRATEGIES
54. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
BASELINE
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 >45
Temperature intervals [°C]
FINAL
Hours Summer Hours Winter % Summer % Winter
38/40
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
FINAL STRATEGY
