Symptoms, Taxonomic classification and life cycle of Colletotrichum mangiferae Anthracnose is presently recognized as the most important field and post-harvest disease of mango worldwide (Ploetz and Prakash, 1997). It is the major disease limiting fruit production in all countries where mangoes are grown, especially where high humidity prevails during the cropping season. The post-harvest phase is the most damaging and economically significant phase of the disease worldwide. It directly affects the marketable fruit rendering it worthless. This phase is directly linked to the field phase where initial infection usually starts on young twigs and leaves and spreads to the flowers, causing blossom blight and destroying the inflorescences and even preventing fruit set. Mango anthracnose is caused by Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. and H. Schrenk (anamorph: Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Penz.) Penz. var. minor J.H. Simmonds (Fitzel and Peak, 1984) and C. acutatum J.H. Simmonds (Freeman et al., 1998). The pathogen also causes blossom blight, leaf blight and in some severe cases, tree dieback (Ploetz, 1994; Ploetz et al., 1996). In Australia and India, C. acutatum (teleomorph: Glomerella acutata) has been reported to also play a minor role in causing the disease (Fitzell, 1979; Prakash, 1990).

1. Symptoms, Taxonomic
classification and life cycle of
Colletotrichum mangiferae
Submitted by
J. Jeevambigai
(2019024036)
Course teacher
Mr. M.krishnamoorthi
Assistant professor
Plant pathology
PGP College of Agricultural sciences
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural university)
Palani nagar,Vettambadi,Namakkal 637405

2. Introduction
Post harvest losses of mango in several
tropical countries.
Common name :Mango anthracnose.
Dry condition -15% Loss
Wet condition -70%loss
India &china –15%-25%yield loss
In wet condition 100%reached this disease.

3. Varities
None of the cultivars of mango was resistant to anthracnose
disease .
Highly susceptible varieties
 Amrapali
 Totapuri
 Safeda
 Mallika
Moderately susceptible
 Alphonso
 Baramasi
 Samer Bahist Chausa
 Sindhuri.

4. Casual organism
Anamorph stage (Asexual stage)
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
(penz &sac)
Teleomorph (sexual stage)
Glomerella cingulata.

5. SYMPTOMS
The disease affect the leaves, twigs, petiole, flower
clusters and fruits.
Leaves
Small spots, angular, depressed brown to black
colour spots with shot hole symptoms.
Lesions started at small than it can enlarge to form
extensive death.

6. Symptoms on leaves

7. Symptoms on stems &branches
Die back symptoms
on young twigs
 ( It affect Tip to
downward position ).
 black colour lesions
also present on the
twigs.

8. Panicles
Small black to dark brown spots, which can enlarge
&kill the flowers before fruiting.

9. Sunken, prominent, dark brown to black decay
spots before or after picking.
Pitting symptoms and also tear stain effect.

10. Linear necrotic regions show alligator skin effect
associated with cracking on epidermis.

11. Systematic position
Domain :Eukarya
Kingdom :Fungi
Phylum :Ascomycota
Class:Sordariomycetes
Order:Glomerellales
Family:Glomerellaceae
Genus:colletotrichum
Spieces:Gloeosporioides

12. Pathogenic characters
Conideospore is simple,
branded hypae on which
conidia are produced.
Conidia is an asexual non
motail fungi spore that
develop externally from the
cell that formed it.

13. Asexual Reproduction

14. Mode of reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Conideospores are hyaline, short, simple and aseptate.
Conidia-hyaline, single celled, cylindrical –two oil globules
–produced singly at the apex of the conidiophore.
Setae are common in acervuli on twigs but absent on
fruits.
Conidia remain embedded in a viscid fluid which swells in
moist condition, rupture the epidermis &expose the
conidial masses as pink masses.

15. Sexual Reproduction
 Teleomorph

16. Sexual reproduction
The anormph is reproduced more frequently during the
growing season &the sexual reproduction occurs
mostly in debris.
The perthecium contains hyaline, filliform paraphysis
and asci.
Asci are clavate, eight spored.
Ascosposres are hyaline single celled, allantoids
(banana shaped) or elliptical shaped, ejected from
the tip of the ascus and are difficult to distinguish from
conidia.

17. Life cycle of colletotrichum
gloeosporioides

18. Life cycle of colletotrichum
gloeosporioides
Asexual reproduction
Germination of conidia &formation of mycelium .
Infection &symptom production.
Formation of Acervulus, conidiophore with conidia.
Sexual reproduction
Formation of perithecium, ascus and ascospores.
Ascus releasing the ascospores.

19. Favarouble condition
High Humidity
Temperature 24°C-32°C.
Frequent rain.
Moist condition is favourable for the
development of Disease
October to November.

20. Management aspects
Site selection
Cultivar selection
Cultural practises in field (sanitation, plant
spacing, inter cropping, etc..)
Fungicides sprays in the field
Post harvest treatment (physical, chemical).

21. Chemical control
Spray p.fluroscens (FP7)at 3weeks interval commencing
from October at 5g 5-7times at flower branches
Spray twice with carbendiazim 0.1% at 15days during
flowering to control blossom infections.
Spraying of Mancozeb 2g/litThiophanate methyl 1g/lit or
chlorothalonil 2g/lit3times at 15days interval.

22. Cont…
Spray copper fungicides 0.3%for the control of
Foliar infection.
Before storage, treat with hot water 50-55°c for
15minutes or dip in benomyl solution (500ppm) or
Thiobendazole (1000ppm) for 5minutes.

23. Photo courtesy
 Madhu Kamle et al
 Amy grand
 Helen Tsatsia
 Charles A. Onyean