This presentation contains fundamental designation and nomenclature of refrigerants.

1. REFRIGERANTS
AND
ITS
DESIGNATION
Er.Krishna Kumar Yadav
M.Tech (IIT Kanpur)

2. CLASSIFICATION OF PRIMARY REFRIGERANT
• Halo-carbon Refrigerant
• Hydro-carbon Refrigerant
• Inorganic Refrigerant
• Azeotrope Refrigerant

3. DESIGNATION OF REFRIGERENTS
• Refrigerant is internationally designated as ‘R’ and followed by
some numberlike R11 , R12, R612, R718, R502, R407 etc.
R
Followed
by
2 Digit
Methane.
3 Digit
Ethane
The nos. assigned to hydrocarbon and halocarbon refrigerant have specific meaning
• The first digit no. right there is: Flourine (F)
• The second digit from right is one more than is: Hydrogen (H)
• The third digit from right is one less than is : Corban (C)
( When this digit is zero, it is omitted)
ASHRAE

4. The general chemical formula for refrigerant is
𝑪 𝒎 𝑯 𝒏 𝑪𝒍 𝒑 𝑭 𝒒
n+p+q = 2m+2
Example : Dichloro –difluoro- methane P=2, q=2, n=0, m=1
Here zero is omitted R12
n+p+q= 2m
Saturated Hydrocarbon
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

8. INORGANIC REFRIGERENTS
Example :NH3 = R717
CO2 = R744
H2O = R718

9. SUBSTITUTES FOR CHLORO –FLORO-CARBAN (CFC)
(Freon) REFRIGERENTS: Formulas
𝑪 𝒎 𝑯 𝒏 𝑪𝒍 𝒑 𝑭 𝒒; n+p+q = 2m+2
The fully halogenated refrigerants like : n=0
R11= R011 = q=1, n=1-1=0, m=0+1=1; p= 2x1+2-1= 3;
(C1H0Cl3Fq) CCL3F1
R12 =R012 = q=2, n=1-1=0, m= 0+1=1; p=2x1+2-2 =2; CCl2F2
R13= R013= q=3, n=0, m=1, p=2x1+2-3=1, CClF3
R113; q=3, n=0, m=1+1=2, p= 2x2+2-3=3 ; C2Cl3F3
R114; q=4, n=0, m=2, p=2 ; C2Cl2F4
R115 , q=5, n=0, m=2, p=1; C2ClF5

10. SUBSTITUTES FOR HYDRO-CHLORO –FLORO-CARBAN (HCFC)
𝑪 𝒎 𝑯 𝒏 𝑪𝒍 𝒑 𝑭 𝒒; n+p+q = 2m+2
R22= R022; q=2, n=2-1=1, m= 0+1=1, p= 2x1+2- 1-2=1
= CHClF2
R123 = C2HCl2F3

11. HALOCARBON REFRIGERANTS
Halocarbon Refrigerant are all synthetically produced
and were developed as the Freon family of refrigerants.
 They are fluorocarbons of methane and ethane series.
 They contain 1 or more of these halogens (chlorine, bromine, fluorine)
 Non toxic, non-flammable, non-explosive, non- corrosive, non-irritant to
human body and eyes.
 Odourless, colourless not react with food product stored in the
refrigerated space.
 Will not react with lubricating oil.
 Has excellent thermodynamic properties
 Only disadvantage is ozone layer is damaged.

15. INORGANIC REFRIGERANTS
Inorganic refrigerant were exclusively used before the
introduction of halocarbon. These refrigerant are still in
use due to there inherent thermodynamic and physical properties.
•Carbon Dioxide
•Water
•Ammonia
•Air
•Sulphur dioxide

16. AZEOTROPE REFRIGERANTS
• This group of refrigerants consist of mixture of different
refrigerants which can not separated under pressure and
temperature and have fixed thermodynamic properties.
• A stable mixture of two or several refrigerants whose vapour
and liquid phases retain identical compositions over a wide
range of temperatures.
• Azeotropic mixtures are designated by 500 series
•Examples : R-500 :( 73.8% R12 and 26.2% R152)
R-502 : (8.8% R22 and 51.2% R115)
R-503 : (40.1% R23 and 59.9% R13)

17. ZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANTS
• A zeotropic mixture is one whose composition in liquid
phase differs to that in vapour phase. Zeotropic refrigerants
therefore do not boil at constant temperatures unlike azeotropic
refrigerants.
• zeotropic refrigerants are designated by 400 series.
• Examples :R404a : R125 /R143a /R134a (44%,52%,4%)
R407c : R32/R125/R134a (23%, 25%, 52%)
R410a : R32/R125 (50%, 50%)
R413a : R600a/ R218/R134a (3%, 9%, 88%)

18. HYDROCARBONS
Most of the hydrocarbon refrigerant are successfully
used in industrial and commercial installation .
They possess satisfactory thermodynamic properties but are highly
flammable and explosive.
•Examples:
R170, Ethane, C2H6
R290 , Propane C3H3
R600, Butane, C4H10
R600a, Isobutane, C4H10
Blends of the above Gases