1. P P P R U R M X M M X
NON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE(NCDs)
PRESENTED BY:
Dr Rani Komal Lata

2. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: A MISNOMER!
A difficult group to define
• some caused by bacteria or viruses.
• some diseases like cancers of the liver, stomach, and cervix
Not all non-communicable
• may be cured in early stage by appropriate heath interventions
Not all chronic
• Shifted from being epidemic in rich countries to truly Internationally
Pandemic!
Not the diseases of affluence anymore!
‘The risk of the global transfer of infectious disease
has increased’
Source:More with Less:Disasters in an Era of Diminishing Resources:By Kevin M. Cahill

3. Communicable Diseases/Infections With
Overwhelming Evidence Of Causing NCDs
Disease Agent
Chronic gastritis Helicobacter pylori
Peptic ulcer Helicobacter pylori
Haemolytic—uraemic syndrome Escherichia coli 0157
Hepatocellular cancer Hepatitis B
Cervical cancer Human Papilloma Virus (HPV
Congenital rubella syndrome Rubella virus infection
Congenital mental retardation Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Rheumatic heart disease Streptococcal infection
Acute glomerulonephritis Streptococcal infection
Source :World Health Organization 2013 ,Communicable Disease Newsletter, Volume 10 Issue 2, May 2013

4. Communicable diseases/infections as possible
causes of NCDs
DISEASE AGENT
Guillain-Barre syndrome Campylobacter jejuni
Bell’s palsy Herpes simplex virus
Insulin dependent diabetes Enterovirus
Reactive arthritis Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp.,
Chlamydia
Kaposi’s sarcoma Human Herpes Virus 8
Castleman’s disease Human Herpes Virus 8
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Escherichia coli 0157
Atherosclerosis Chlamydia pneumoniae, CMV
Source :World Health Organization 2013 ,Communicable Disease Newsletter, Volume 10 Issue 2, May 2013

5. NCD: WHY TO BE STUDIED?
TRENDS

36 MILLION
PREMATURE
DEATHS
(2008)
LIKELY TO
CAUSE 55
MILLION
DEATHS BY 2030
Cardiovascular
Disease And
Cancers :Biggest
Cause Of
Mortality
Worldwide.
PROJECTED TO
AFFECT 471
MILLION BY 2035.
Source: WHO Europe (2014), Non-communicable diseases, World Health Office Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen,
Denmark, accessed 12 September 2014.

6. TRENDS
SENILE
DEMENTIA
 Currently affects 44
million people
 Projected to rise to
135 million
worldwide by 2050
With 96 million of
them in developing
countries.
TOBACCO
Accounts for
almost 6 million
premature deaths
a year
 Projected to rise
to 8 million by
2030
OBESEITY
Currently 10 %
of the world’s
adults
In 2012, more
than 40 million
children under
the age of 5
were either
overweight or
obese.
1. Alzheimer’s Disease International (2013), 'The Global Impact of Dementia 2013–2050', Alzheimer’s Disease International, London,
UK.
3. WHO (2014), Obesity and overweight, Factsheet, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, accessed 4 September 2014.
2. WHO (2013), Noncommunicable diseases, Factsheet, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, accessed 4 September 2013

7. Source: Database At A Glance: Non Communicable Diseases: Rachel Neill, 18 August 2014

8. NCD:A PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE
Increased
life
expectancy
Environmental
health risks
Economic
inequality, poverty and
food insecurity
Rapid
technological
development
Growing
antibiotic
resistance
Competition
for global
resources
Source: Changing disease burdens and risks of pandemics (GMT 3), European Environment Agency,01 Jun 2015

9. Level of approach by Public Health Sector
PREVENTION
• Intersectorial
planning for
health
promotion
• Training of
health
personnel
• Designing of
policies
DETECTION
• Surveillance
to determine
prevalence of
risk factors
• Evaluation of
intermediate
risk factors
TREATMENT
• Recognition
for the need
for both short
term and long
term
treatment of
NCDs
• Providing
healthy
environment
to promote
physical
activity
Source:N Engl J Med 2013;369:1336-43. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1109345

10. Source: PAHO, OAS launch task force to tackle NCDs June 22, 2015 By GuyanaTimes