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The Service Value Chain
Driving High Performance in
Service and Spare Parts
Robert Giacobbe, Cameron Plummer,
Kristine Renker and Andre P. Skerlavaj
2
Contents
Introduction	                                     04

Traditional operating models cannot	              06
keep pace with today’s needs

A New Operating Model: The Service Value Chain	   08

Core Attributes of a Service Value Chain	         14

High Performance and the Service Value Chain	     18

About the Authors	 18	
				
		




                                                       3
Introduction
After-sale service and spare           service investments provide.            By emphasizing these things,
parts operations are often vital.      In either case, cost-effectively        Service Value Chains have become
However, after-sale service            meeting customers’ service              increasingly vital as well as
and spare parts operations that        requirements and mitigating the         profitable. In fact, companies that
really add value—that enhance          impact of surprise availability         build Service Value Chains often
customer satisfaction, contribute      problems are key.                       find that 50 percent or more of
significantly to companies’ revenue                                            their profits end up coming from
and profit goals, and promote          A significant                           after-sale service and support.
rigorous cost efficiency—are rare.                                             This Accenture Point of View
More common are operations
                                       opportunity exists for                  explains how such successes can
with traditional characteristics:      companies to extract                    be attained. We first examine the
labor intensive, reactive, costly                                              drawbacks of traditional after-sale
and minimally strategic. Given this
                                       greater value from                      service and spare parts operating
reality, a significant opportunity     their after-sale                        models (Section 1). From there we
exists for companies to extract        service and spare-parts-                explain how Service Value Chains
greater value from their after-                                                integrate with Sales & Contract
sale service and spare-parts-          management operations.                  Management, Customer Service &
management operations. And a                                                   Support, and Engineering (Section
powerful way to accomplish this        Third is a stringent emphasis           2). We then identify four primary
is with a “Service Value Chain”:       on the total lifetime value of a        attributes of a Service Value
a bidirectional, cross-functional      company’s service assets—for            Chain approach—how companies
approach that can enhance cost         example, by directly helping to         use Service Value Chains to “out-
efficiency, maximize capital           manage service costs or, even           structure” and “out-execute”
utilization, increase profitability    more importantly, by creating           competitors (Section 3). Lastly,
and even improve brand image.          revenue streams associated with         we briefly reiterate the potential
                                       repair, replacement and warranty        benefits for companies that
Perhaps the most important             management. The potential in            venture down this path
characteristic of a Service Value      this area is significant: A recent      (Section 4).
Chain is its clear integration         study found that very little service
with all functions that influence      revenue is captured by an OEM.
a company’s ability to provide         Third party service providers,          Companies that build
service to its customers. The most     suppliers and repair shops are          Service Value Chains
relevant of these functions are        believed to own about 75 percent
Sales & Contract Management,           of the service and parts market.
                                                                               often find that 50
Customer Service & Support,                                                    percent or more of their
and Engineering.                       Lastly, Service Value Chains
                                       are structurally different from         profits end up coming
A second characteristic of             their organizations’ forward-           from after-sale service
the Service Value Chain is its         focused “product value chains.”
tight focus on the quantifiable        A key reason is the complexity of       and support.
value that a service business          forecasting service demands and
provides. For an asset owner/          rationalizing service operations—
operator, demonstrable service         from field personnel and back-
value might manifest itself as         office operations to service delivery
high asset reliability relative to     operations in repair depots and
the organization’s investment.         parts warehouses. Moreover, to
A for-profit aftermarket service       keep inventories low, utilization
company, on the other hand,            rates high and customers happy,
might think of service value as        a Service Value Chain must excel
1) the extent to which its service     at spare-parts forecasting, reverse
business contributes to a profitable   logistics, repair depot operations,
customer relationship or 2) what       inventory hub management,
level of return the company’s          and technician scheduling
                                       and deployment.

4
Service Value Chain Characteristics
Integrates all functions that affect a
company’s ability to provide service to its
customers—particularly Sales & Contract
Management, Customer Service & Support,
and Engineering.
Emphasizes the quantifiable value that an
after-sale service business provides.
Focuses on the total lifetime value of a
company’s service-oriented assets.
An approach that is structurally different
from most organizations’ forward-focused
“product value chains.”




                                              5
1. Traditional operating models cannot keep pace
with today’s needs
Businesses are always looking for       management programs as key to             Unaligned missions
new ways to increase revenue,           the overall customer experience.1         Discrete organizational structures
boost margins and increase                                                        run counter to the need for a
                                        Companies often lack a formal,
capital effectiveness. All of these                                               common company-wide view
                                        service-centric process because the
objectives can be addressed by                                                    of spare-parts and service
                                        corporate operating models around
improving the after-sale service                                                  management. The frequent result
                                        which their supply chains were
and spare parts operating model.                                                  is that service levels across
                                        built are generally product oriented
However, service and spare parts                                                  business units end up being
                                        rather than service oriented.
businesses mostly tend to be                                                      wildly uneven. Most areas become
                                        These operations simply were
silo-oriented afterthoughts (Figure                                               over- or under-serviced, but few
                                        not designed to handle reverse
1)—even among companies that                                                      are well-aligned with customer
                                        supply chain flows or to smoothly
take their commitment to customer                                                 needs. For example, with too
                                        accommodate parts inventories
service very seriously. Some of                                                   little cross-functional contact,
                                        and the logistics associated with
those committed companies are                                                     Procurement may simply aggregate
                                        repairs and returns. This is another
able to maintain high service                                                     part-order requests—again
                                        reason why a Service Value Chain
quality; it just costs them more                                                  resulting in excess volume. Further
                                        initiative is often so valuable.
money. Still, an Accenture survey                                                 upstream, Engineering may design
revealed that service management        Other flaws in a company’s                parts in response to demands
has yet to achieve “mission-            operating structure may also              from other internal departments,
critical” status at a majority of       contribute to sub-par or overly           but without the serviceability
companies. Only 42 percent of           expensive service:                        perspective that comes from
respondents view formal service                                                   field service technicians or
                                                                                  maintenance personnel.
Figure 1: The traditional operating model for service management.


Sales and Contract Management
Corporate Management
Product Value Chain                                                                            Service
    Sourcing and     Forecasting      Manufacturing/     Warehousing        Customer Point
    Procurement      and Planning     Process            and                of Use/Delivery
                                                         Distribution                         Service Event Management
                                                                                              Sourcing and Procurement
                                                                                              Spare Parts Planning
                                                                                              Repair
                                                                                              Reverse Logistics
                                                                                              Warranty Management


Product Design and Product Lifecycle Management (Engineering)
Master Data Management
Finance, HR and IT
    Accountability      Performance Management




                                                                          MasterData/ mgt
                                                                          Reporting
6
Discontinuous processes               delivery functions seeking to           Fortunately, it is feasible to
Siloed functions can result in        coordinate the availability of parts,   transition from a model that
constrained views of demand           tools and skilled repair technicians.   positions service management
characteristics, organizational                                               as an appendage to a model in
                                      Underpowered legacy systems
preparedness and customer                                                     which proactive service themes
                                      Companies need specialized
expectations or customer                                                      and actions are infused across the
                                      software and systems to ensure
relevancy. Supply chain planners,                                             supply chain. As demonstrated
                                      service efficiency and service-
for instance, need cross-functional                                           in the next section, the most
                                      parts transparency. However,
information and cooperation                                                   important challenge is developing
                                      many legacy systems are not up
to effectively forecast spare-                                                an integrated service model and
                                      to the task because they were
part needs, track and optimize                                                deeper relationships with other
                                      designed primarily to support
inventory, coordinate parts                                                   core functions.
                                      enterprise operations, product
orders with repair orders, and
                                      sales and production-oriented
manage vendors and purchase
                                      supply chains. They do not excel
orders. Another example is
                                      at service-demand analytics,
product lifecycle managers who
                                      service-part safety stock
must use field data to establish
                                      management, variations associated
serviceability requirements,
                                      with sporadic demand, service
develop comprehensive product-
                                      partner management, integrated
failure information and link that
                                      scheduling and dispatch for
data to parts planning and product
                                      technicians, and the deployment
development. This information
                                      of tools.
is an important input for service




                                                                                                               7
2. A New Operating Model: The Service Value Chain
Service Value Chains are about              • 10 percent to 20 percent                 A Service Value Chain
integration and collaboration:              increases in service revenue.
making service and parts                                                               means making service
                                            • 10 percent to 20 percent
operations an integral, life-cycle-         improvements in customer                   and parts operations an
wide consideration—from product
design, to sourcing and procuring
                                            satisfaction.                              integral, life-cycle-wide
parts and components, through               • 15 percent to 30 percent                 consideration—from
customer use and after-sale                 reductions in service costs.
                                                                                       product design, to
support, and on to end-of-life              • 25 percent to 40 percent jumps
disposition (Figure 2). However,            in working capital utilization.            sourcing and procuring
Service Value Chains are also               • 15 percent to 30 percent                 parts and components,
about making service management             increases in technician efficiency.
performance quantifiably better.                                                       through customer use
One of the most frustrating                 Reengineering the relationship             and after-sale support,
things about traditional service            between service management
management approaches and                   and three operating functions–             and on to end-of-
structures is that value is hard to         Sales & Contract Management,               life disposition.
assess. This is why Service Value           Customer Service & Support, and
Chain approaches emphasize                  Engineering—is key to capturing
the capture of measurable                   these benefits.
improvements, such as:




Figure 2: How the Service Value Chain fits and operates.


    Sales and Contract Management
    Corporate Management
    Accountability
    Performance Management
    Product Value Chain
     Sourcing        Forecasting   Manufacturing/ Warehousing     Customer        Return/
     and             and           Process/       and             Point of Use/   Repair
     Procurement     Planning      Repair         Distribution    Delivery        Recycle
                                                                                                   Integrated
                                                                                                   Objective: Total
                                                                                                   Lifetime Value
                                                                     Customer Service and
                                                                           Support


    Service Value Chain
    Product Design and Product Lifecycle Management (Engineering)

    Master Data Management

    Finance, HR and IT

    Finance, HR and IT

8
Developing synergies between Sales & Contract
Management and the Service Value Chain
Sell products and reliability instead of
products and repair.
Take a life-cycle view of service and spare
parts costs and pricing.
Consider performance-based contracting or
managed services.
Optimize profits through strategic
parts pricing.




Integration with Sales &              • Managed services are basically      services and the provision of spares
Contract Management                   ongoing, customer-centric service     and parts. The MoD maintains
                                      commitments. For example, a           responsibility for integrating the
From a customer’s perspective,
                                      global forklift manufacturer might    various service contracts and
today’s products and the after-
                                      provide a fleet of vehicles to a      meeting the aircraft-availability
sale services associated with
                                      retail chain. A managed service       requirements of its end customer,
those products are not succinctly
                                      relationship is then constructed      the Royal Air Force.
connected. Not only is the
                                      to focus the two sides on the         • Strategic parts pricing implies
relationship confusing, it is
                                      specific needs of each retail         a service-oriented, product-
potentially detrimental to the
                                      operation and distribution center     life-cycle view that is geared to
seller’s goal of maximum margin,
                                      (e.g., transport capacity defined     maximizing profitability rather
profitability and customer loyalty.
                                      by tonnages and pallet volume, as     than cutting costs. Consider a
A better and simpler approach
                                      well as working hours). Guided by     heavy equipment manufacturer
might be designing products for
                                      these commitments, the forklift       that implemented a new pricing
maximum reliability and taking a
                                      company equips its fleet, maintains   approach after it ran out of cost-
lifetime view of service and spare
                                      the trucks, charges batteries for     cutting options. The company
parts costs and pricing. This is
                                      electric trucks, and so forth.        repositioned several products
where linkages between a Service
and Spare Parts organization and      • Performance-based (“power           based on the price elasticity of key
Sales & Contract Management           by the hour”) contracting can         market segments. It also identified
come in, and three capabilities are   spur manufacturers to build more      a clear threshold beyond which
particularly key:                     reliable products, while shifting     it would save more in terms of
                                      the responsibility for maintenance    warranty reimbursements at a
                                      and reliability to the OEM. For       lower price than it would gain in
                                      example, BAE Systems’ relationship    profit from a higher price. Lastly,
                                      with the UK’s Ministry of Defense     the manufacturer instituted a
                                      (MoD) typically involves contracts    “product life cycle view” for
                                      for discrete maintenance, repair      pricing decisions—emphasizing


                                                                                                               9
Developing synergies between Customer Service &
Support and the Service Value Chain
Link customer-segmentation approaches to
customer service offerings.
Develop a portfolio of value-oriented service
products.
Use simulation and modeling to create the
right mix of service products.
Align pricing of service-related
products with delivered and perceived
customer value.
Avoid complexity by bundling and
modularizing service products.
Compile and leverage all available customer
and service data.




price leadership and product value,   Integration with Customer              SKUs. Across the entire sample, 10
rather than following competitors’    Service & Support                      percent of service calls were cited
leads. This new approach helped                                              as unresolved due to lack of parts,
produce a two-percentage-point        The mission here is to align service   tooling or information. Several
increase in gross margin within       operations to the expectations         implications can be drawn from
a year.                               of specific customer segments.         this research:
                                      Segmentation is not a new              • Valuable customers are often
A better and simpler                  concept but it is not often            alienated by unsatisfactory service.
                                      applied to after-sale service and
approach might be                     spare parts management. Linking
                                                                             • Stratifying customers’ service
                                                                             needs could provide new revenue-
designing products for                the Service Value Chain to an
                                                                             enhancement opportunities.
                                      organization’s customer-service
maximum reliability and               efforts addresses this shortcoming     • Better, more efficient service
taking a lifetime view                by tying segmentation approaches       could result from a clearer
                                      to service areas such as customer      understanding of each customer
of service and spare                  interface management, call             segment’s ongoing needs.
parts costs and pricing.              center operations, self help and       The Accenture survey identified
                                      documentation support.
This is where linkages                                                       several companies that excel in
                                                                             service management. These leaders
between a Service and                 Findings from a recent Accenture
                                                                             tend to be particularly good at
                                      service management survey
Spare Parts organization              demonstrate how valuable the
                                                                             tailoring service programs for each
                                                                             customer or customer segment.
and Sales & Contract                  connection can be. Researchers
                                                                             Take General Electric’s Aviation
                                      found that only 80 percent of
Management                            responding companies consistently
                                                                             Division, which has a program
                                                                             called Intelligent Workscopes. GE
come in.                              fix problems the first time. Eighty
                                                                             must tune engine performance
                                      percent was also the fill rate for
                                                                             based on what aircraft customers
                                      respondents’ customer-facing

10
require, and that generally varies     how simulation or modeling
by airline. Some customers opt for     can create the right mix of
better short-term performance,         appropriately priced services.
others for fuel savings, and still     These organizations leverage all
others for longer-term durability.     available customer and service
Intelligent Workscopes factor          data (e.g., maintenance records
in such customer needs before          and service inquiries) and develop
engines go into the shop. They         proactive service and parts
also consider how much customers       strategies that are consistent
wish to spend on maintenance. GE       with their business strategies.
Aviation maintenance personnel         As a result, they consistently
are consequently able to plan          meet customers’ delivery
and execute more cost effectively      requirements, as well as other
and to stock the right (and right      performance expectations.
amount of) parts.

Organizations focused on               Service management
after-sale customer relationships      leaders excel at
also do other things well.
Because they have worked to            tying segmentation
understand and financially             approaches to service
quantify customers’ parts and
service requirements, leaders are      areas such as customer
able to construct profitable service   interface management,
products such as preventive-
maintenance or machine-overhaul
                                       call center operations,
packages. Those same companies         self help and
also are likely to understand
                                       documentation support.
                                                                            11
Developing synergies between Engineering and the
Service Value Chain
Use more standard components and common
parts.
Emphasize interoperability.
Increase information capture and knowledge
transfer.
Deploy more feedback systems and alarms.
Reduce product complexity.
Work with suppliers on design-for-service
ability programs.




Integration with Engineering           mining company in China. One          As Asus learned, an environment
In most organizations, Engineering     of that company’s business units      of fewer SKUs offers advantages
and Service are not tightly coupled.   designed a conveyor belt that         that go beyond less complexity
Yet there are many good reasons        was different from the company        and lower costs. Companies may
why they ought to be. For example,     standard. Since belts must be         also have an easier time working
when Engineering and Service do        replaced frequently, significant      with suppliers on design-for-
not communicate well, the latter       added costs were associated           serviceability programs. Moreover,
group may be unable to accurately      with design; replacement; SKU         supplier-focused incentives
forecast asset outages and product     management and storage;               may transcend volume and
failures. Likely results include bad   installation equipment and            price to include engineering
first-time-fix ratios, long service-   processes; and the need for a         designs that help companies
order lead times, and large spare      special supplier. This complexity     improve maintenance.
parts inventories.                     drove increased cost to serve.
                                                                             If a piece of equipment is part
The best way to avoid the above        One company that excels at            of a larger machine or operation,
scenarios is with tighter coupling     standardization is Asus, a            tighter service linkages with
between Service and Engineering        Taiwanese computer and gaming         Engineering help increase
organizations. And one of the          hardware manufacturer. Its vast       interoperability levels, thereby
best places to start is with a         product portfolio means it has        ensuring that an existing
complexity-reduction initiative.       an enormous number of parts           technology or platform does not
Extensive product lines and            that require detailed planning,       become redundant each time
government-mandated service-           forecasting and replenishment.        a new version is released. The
life commitments in certain            Moreover, different categories have   missions of complexity reduction
countries and industries mean that     different demand characteristics.     and standardization may be
product manufacturers must often       This created a compelling case for    further enhanced by including
maintain many part iterations. This    a design standardization program      maintenance/service engineers
can create tremendous complexity,      that led to fewer unique parts and    in all product- and system-
which is what happened to a large      greater SKU rationalization.          design activities. The potential


12
impacts of complexity reduction        system works in the curves”).           the supplier-chargeback process
on spare parts inventories, field      Same for a repair facility (“This       for products under warranty.
technician efficiency and warranty     engine chassis is designed in a way     Improved failure analysis can help
management costs are significant.      that makes it extremely difficult       companies identify root causes
                                       to extract the battery. Easier          which may, in turn, produce
Another good way to connect            disassembly might make it possible      significant chargebacks. However,
Service Management and                 for repairs to be done                  very few companies currently have
Engineering is with a closed-          on site”).                              formal chargeback processes in
loop feedback process.                                                         place, mainly because they lack
Increasing information capture         Closed-loop feedback information        the necessary data.
and knowledge transfer at              can be supported by early alarms
every service chain node               that provide rapid sensitization        In net, a tight relationship
helps Engineering maximize             and help to quickly eliminate           between Service Management
serviceability, while giving Service   design defects. Some years ago,         and Engineering has numerous
Management an opportunity to           Sony faced problems with volatile       benefits:
simplify Engineering’s design tasks.   laptop batteries. The company           • If a part is designed for
For example, in the aftermarket        responded by compressing the            serviceability, then repairs
service space, organizations should    detection time for part failure. This   during scheduled or unscheduled
be able to capture transactional       meant enormous savings in reverse       downtimes can run smoother and
feedback from technicians and          logistics, warranty expenses,           faster, with necessary spares and
loop that information back to          technician labor and even potential     labor available when needed.
Engineering. Technicians may           liabilities. Implementation of          • Future design efforts can
provide enlightening insights into     automatic feedback loops is key to      leverage warranty and repair
quality (“This new service board       adding the Value in “Service            information to build more
doesn’t work as well as the earlier    Value Chain.”                           reliable products.
one”) or design (“This fastener
doesn’t move easily, perhaps           Another benefit of improved             • Warranty risk and costs
because of the way the interlock       integration between Service and         are reduced.
                                       Engineering is a tighter focus on

                                                                                                                   13
3. Core Attributes of a Service Value Chain
A Service Value Chain avoids           Centralized Operations                Partner Networks
vertical silos, encourages an          Companies’ service and parts-         As part of the Service Value Chain
integrated product and service         management objectives benefit         network, “collaboration by design”
perspective, promotes a distinctive    significantly from a centralized      is fundamental for the relations
service strategy, encourages           high-level enterprise view which      with Service Partners. One key
enterprise-wide integration,           aligns specific service objectives    reason is the innate benefit of
enhances end-to-end visibility,        with the overall business strategy.   pan-enterprise visibility into all
and tightens companies’ focus on       Highly decentralized organizations,   Service Assets such as available
the achievement of lower total         on the other hand, often              parts inventories, associated
cost of ownership. And as we have      experience varying or inconsistent    service provider technicians
discussed, the Service Value Chain     behaviors and accountabilities,       or integrated repair partner
draws much of its power and profit     which makes it harder for             capacities. Another benefit is
potential from its integration         service and parts organizations       the potential to remove logistics
with other business functions.         to maximize their contributions       costs by tight direct integration of
Supporting this commitment to          to business profitability and         Service Partners, e.g. by enabling
cross-functional integration, here     competitive advantage. The            direct shipments of parts to a
are four key attributes of a Service   improvement potential of service      repair depot or a service technician
Value Chain—what it takes from a       planning and management               truck, rather than routing assets
service standpoint to out-structure    capabilities is particularly great    through a complex distribution
and out–execute competitors.           with centralization. Key examples     channel. A third reason is rapid
                                       include network strategy and          resolution of conflicts along the
                                       segmentation, inventory planning,     Service Value Chain through
A Service Value                        and asset-base management.            streamlined decision-making
Chain avoids vertical                                                        and auditing procedures in the
                                       Companies with Service Value          acquisition and deployment of the
silos, encourages                      Chains often (but not always) have    Service Assets.
an integrated                          an easier time dealing with the
                                       reverse supply chain requirements     This strong collaboration among
product and service                    associated with service and spare     partners should also be the
perspective, promotes                  parts management. In addition,        basis of strategic sourcing along
                                       this may also be key to increasing    the network: closely working
a distinctive spares/                  global parts “transparency.”          and improving the end-to-end
service strategy, and                                                        value chain jointly with Service
                                       With standardized processes,          Partners helps to identify, select
encourages enterprise-                 companies are able to establish       and shape mutually beneficial
wide integration, end-                 more robust parts and service         value propositions. In short,
                                       interactions across functions.
to-end visibility and                  If procurement entities do not
                                                                             understanding the capabilities
                                                                             of partners and leveraging their
approaches geared                      work cross-functionally they will     strengths can result in better,
                                       invariably focus more on cost
to ascertaining and                    metrics, which can increase a
                                                                             cheaper service.

achieving lower total                  component’s or product’s total        Specialized Skills and Advanced
                                       cost of ownership. For example,       Technology
cost of ownership.                     Procurement may be able to work       Leaders in service management
                                       more effectively with operations      often are distinguished by their
                                       and maintenance people to create      deployment of unique tools,
                                       strategies that reflect how spare     systems, skills and personnel—
                                       parts and equipment are actually      including a senior decision maker
                                       used and maintained.                  who is distinct from the executive
                                                                             responsible for the product value




14
chain. With that distinction,          Service/maintenance                     For example, although leaner
often times these companies                                                    inventories are always desirable,
may also have developed a              forecasting is very                     the preferred company-wide goal
separate P&L for their parts and       different from regular                  of exceptional service may require
service businesses. As a result                                                raising inventories. Similarly, a
to the increased importance            product, production or                  company-wide focus on lead times
of service, a dedicated talent         wholesale forecasting.                  may also mean higher costs unless
management strategy is required.                                               most spares are procured locally.
                                       It involves randomized                  However, none of the above goals
These same companies also are          demand forecasting,                     inherently reflect a company’s
likely to depend less on ERP to                                                overall priorities, which is why
handle parts and service, since ERP    which cannot be done                    organizations need to formulate
systems often struggle in areas        with traditional ERP-                   enterprise-wide parts and service
such as forecasting, managing                                                  objectives, and then prioritize
distributed inventories and aligning   based time-series                       performance metrics across all
resources with specific service        forecasting.                            nodes in the service chain.
or maintenance events. After all,
service/maintenance forecasting        An Integrated Approach to
is very different from regular         Performance Management                  To fully balance
product, production or wholesale       In traditional supply chains,           costs against service
forecasting. Among other things,       accountability and performance are
it involves randomized demand          measured vertically—within siloed
                                                                               levels, organizations
forecasting, which cannot be done      functions. This is rarely optimal for   need to establish
with traditional ERP-based time-       any company, but it is particularly
series forecasting. Dedicated          problematic in after-sale service
                                                                               performance metrics
technology investment is needed        and parts management.                   that work across the
to compliment typical ERP to
comply with service specific           To fully balance costs against          Service Value Chain.
requirements.                          service levels, organizations need
                                       to establish performance metrics
Service businesses are also likely     that work across supply chain
to require extensive mobile            functions and reflect the value
technology. Utility companies, for     stream’s collective contributions.
example, maintain parts depots         Imbued in a Service Value Chain,
that are in remote locations or        this horizontal alignment may
disconnected from the regular          emphasize goals that are not
warehouse network. These               the same as those associated
organizations need mobile devices      with specific vertical modes. For
to maintain and check inventories      example, Sourcing & Procurement’s
in those locations. Using remote       specific priorities may range
diagnostic capabilities to monitor     from lead times and contract
performance and predict and plan       compliance to purchase order
for outages can take this industry’s   fill rate, supplier concentration
service planning to the next level     and average purchase order
of sophistication.                     value. Supplier contributions in
                                       the form of cost reductions or
                                       service innovations also may be
                                       noteworthy. Performance metrics
                                       for distribution could be speed of
                                       service or delivery accuracy.




                                                                                                                15
16
Outsourcing and the Service Value Chain
Outsourcing is not automatically a characteristic of any
particular business model. However, organizations may wish to
combine a Service Value Chain initiative with the transfer of
parts and service management to a third party.
By drawing on the skills and resources of a third party,
companies can often sidestep the need for large investments
in physical assets; as well as human and technology resources.
Third parties can generally amortize those investments across
multiple customers. A good service-outsourcing example is
Lockheed-Martin which has outsourced the global service
and support of its manufacturing equipment. The agreement
encompasses interactive diagnostic help, preventive
maintenance, field service, training, replacement, and spare
parts and productivity improvements. Savings were realized
in areas ranging from greater operational and maintenance
efficiencies to purchasing/management cost reductions.
Spares and inventory management is a good example of
a potentially fruitful outsourcing opportunity. Accenture
experience suggests that companies can achieve reductions
of 10 percent to 20 percent in operating costs by optimizing
and outsourcing spares and inventory management activities.
Many companies that manage a high volume of parts and
inventories—e.g., those in consumer electronics, industrial
equipment, medical equipment, automotive manufacturing
and various other industrial sectors—are seeking ways to
remove after-sale-service assets from their books so they can
concentrate resources on other activities.
It should also be noted that outsourced service relationships
naturally adhere to many of the Service Value Chain attributes—
particularly centralized operations and oversight (which adds
coordination and visibility), specialized skills and advanced
technology (which increases utilization of leading-edge tools),
and astute attention to performance management (which drives
service level agreements and enables tighter, clearer metrics for
gauging and capturing opportunities).




                                                                    17
4. High Performance and the Service Value Chain
Of all the Service Value Chain        Those benefits are not
characteristics noted in this         insignificant. Accenture experience
Accenture Point of View, the          has shown that high performers
most important may be the fact        in service management have
that Service Value Chains are         built Service Value Chains
fully aligned with—but not simple     that consistently increase
extensions of—companies’ regular      service revenue, raise customer
value chain models. However,          satisfaction, reduce service costs,
Service Value Chains are infused      improve working capital utilization,
with an end-to-end value chain        enhance technician efficiency and
orientation: They incorporate the     even strengthen brand image.
knowledge and perspectives of key
functions across the enterprise,      And what sorts of companies
and the benefits they produce         are optimal candidates for the
are company-wide, rather than         development of a Service Value
function-focused.                     Chain? Broadly speaking, a close
                                      investigation might be advisable
                                      for any company seeking to elevate
                                      the quality and profitability of
                                      its after-sale service and parts-
                                      management operations.




About the Authors
Robert Giacobbe is a senior           Tech in Asia Pacific. He also          and aerospace defense and
executive in Accenture Supply         leads the Service Supply Chain         consumer goods. Based in
Chain Management Consulting. He       Transformation activities across       Chicago, she can be reached at
practices exclusively in the areas    industries for Asia Pacific.           kristine.m.renker@accenture.com.
of service chain optimization and     Cameron’s client experiences
                                                                             André Skerlavaj is a senior
focuses on customer strategy,         include optimizing the service
                                                                             manager in Accenture Supply
service resource planning,            supply chain and integrating with
                                                                             Chain Management Consulting
maintenance/repair, field             customer contact capabilities to
                                                                             and leads Accenture’s Service
enablement, returns/warranty and      drive OPEX, CAPEX and customer
                                                                             Management group in Austria,
spares optimization work. He has      satisfaction improvements.
                                                                             Switzerland and Germany. He
extensive experience in leading his   Cameron holds an engineering
                                                                             has extensive experience in
clients through service business      degree with honors from Arizona
                                                                             the automotive and industrial
transformation programs, from         State University and is based in
                                                                             equipment industries, focusing on
strategy formulation to solution      Beijing. He can be reached at
                                                                             after sales and service businesses.
deployment. He has worked across      cameron.plummer@accenture.com
                                                                             He is recognized for his broad
the heavy equipment, energy
                                      Kristine Renker is a senior            range of service management
and high-tech industries. Based
                                      manager in Accenture Supply            expertise ranging from service
in Atlanta, he can be reached at
                                      Chain Management Consulting.           strategy, process optimization to
robert.giacobbe@accenture.com.
                                      She is the research and                the technical conceptualization
Cameron Plummer is a senior           development lead for global            and implementation of the
executive in Accenture Supply         supply chain focusing on service       service solution—in field
Chain Management Consulting           management and manufacturing           service operations, spare parts
and leads Accenture’s Customer        practices. She has industry            management and MRO. Based in
Service and Support Program           and consulting experience in           Frankfurt, he can be reached at
for Communications & High             automotive, industrial equipment       andre.p.skerlavaj@accenture.com.


18
19
About Accenture                          About Accenture Supply Chain            to help organizations transform
                                         Management                              their supply chain capabilities. We
                                                                                 collaborate with clients to implement
Accenture is a global management         Accenture Supply Chain Management
                                                                                 innovative consulting, technology and
consulting, technology services          consulting services help clients
                                                                                 outsourcing solutions, and enhance
and outsourcing company, with            across a broad range of industries
                                                                                 the skills and capabilities of the supply
approximately 211,000 people serving     to develop dynamic supply chains
                                                                                 chain workforce. For more information,
clients in more than 120 countries.      by aligning operating models
                                                                                 visit www.accenture.com/supplychain.
                                         to support business strategies,
Combining unparalleled experience,
                                         optimizing global operations, and
comprehensive capabilities across
                                         enabling profitable product launches.
all industries and business functions,   Committed to helping clients achieve
and extensive research on the world’s    high performance through supply
most successful companies, Accenture     chain mastery, we combine global
collaborates with clients to help them   industry expertise and skills in
become high-performance businesses       supply chain strategy, sourcing and
and governments. The company             procurement, supply chain planning,
generated net revenues of US$21.6        manufacturing, product design,
billion for the fiscal year ended        fulfillment, and service management
Aug. 31, 2010. Its home page is
www.accenture.com.




Copyright © 2011 Accenture               References
All rights reserved.
                                         1. “Accenture Research and Insights
Accenture, its logo, and                 into Service Management Mastery,”
High Performance Delivered               © 2009 Accenture.
are trademarks of Accenture.
                                         2. “Maintenance Outsourcing As a
                                         Global Strategy,” © Industry Week,
                                         May 1, 2009

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Accenture service value chain driving high performance in service and spare parts

  • 1. The Service Value Chain Driving High Performance in Service and Spare Parts Robert Giacobbe, Cameron Plummer, Kristine Renker and Andre P. Skerlavaj
  • 2. 2
  • 3. Contents Introduction 04 Traditional operating models cannot 06 keep pace with today’s needs A New Operating Model: The Service Value Chain 08 Core Attributes of a Service Value Chain 14 High Performance and the Service Value Chain 18 About the Authors 18 3
  • 4. Introduction After-sale service and spare service investments provide. By emphasizing these things, parts operations are often vital. In either case, cost-effectively Service Value Chains have become However, after-sale service meeting customers’ service increasingly vital as well as and spare parts operations that requirements and mitigating the profitable. In fact, companies that really add value—that enhance impact of surprise availability build Service Value Chains often customer satisfaction, contribute problems are key. find that 50 percent or more of significantly to companies’ revenue their profits end up coming from and profit goals, and promote A significant after-sale service and support. rigorous cost efficiency—are rare. This Accenture Point of View More common are operations opportunity exists for explains how such successes can with traditional characteristics: companies to extract be attained. We first examine the labor intensive, reactive, costly drawbacks of traditional after-sale and minimally strategic. Given this greater value from service and spare parts operating reality, a significant opportunity their after-sale models (Section 1). From there we exists for companies to extract service and spare-parts- explain how Service Value Chains greater value from their after- integrate with Sales & Contract sale service and spare-parts- management operations. Management, Customer Service & management operations. And a Support, and Engineering (Section powerful way to accomplish this Third is a stringent emphasis 2). We then identify four primary is with a “Service Value Chain”: on the total lifetime value of a attributes of a Service Value a bidirectional, cross-functional company’s service assets—for Chain approach—how companies approach that can enhance cost example, by directly helping to use Service Value Chains to “out- efficiency, maximize capital manage service costs or, even structure” and “out-execute” utilization, increase profitability more importantly, by creating competitors (Section 3). Lastly, and even improve brand image. revenue streams associated with we briefly reiterate the potential repair, replacement and warranty benefits for companies that Perhaps the most important management. The potential in venture down this path characteristic of a Service Value this area is significant: A recent (Section 4). Chain is its clear integration study found that very little service with all functions that influence revenue is captured by an OEM. a company’s ability to provide Third party service providers, Companies that build service to its customers. The most suppliers and repair shops are Service Value Chains relevant of these functions are believed to own about 75 percent Sales & Contract Management, of the service and parts market. often find that 50 Customer Service & Support, percent or more of their and Engineering. Lastly, Service Value Chains are structurally different from profits end up coming A second characteristic of their organizations’ forward- from after-sale service the Service Value Chain is its focused “product value chains.” tight focus on the quantifiable A key reason is the complexity of and support. value that a service business forecasting service demands and provides. For an asset owner/ rationalizing service operations— operator, demonstrable service from field personnel and back- value might manifest itself as office operations to service delivery high asset reliability relative to operations in repair depots and the organization’s investment. parts warehouses. Moreover, to A for-profit aftermarket service keep inventories low, utilization company, on the other hand, rates high and customers happy, might think of service value as a Service Value Chain must excel 1) the extent to which its service at spare-parts forecasting, reverse business contributes to a profitable logistics, repair depot operations, customer relationship or 2) what inventory hub management, level of return the company’s and technician scheduling and deployment. 4
  • 5. Service Value Chain Characteristics Integrates all functions that affect a company’s ability to provide service to its customers—particularly Sales & Contract Management, Customer Service & Support, and Engineering. Emphasizes the quantifiable value that an after-sale service business provides. Focuses on the total lifetime value of a company’s service-oriented assets. An approach that is structurally different from most organizations’ forward-focused “product value chains.” 5
  • 6. 1. Traditional operating models cannot keep pace with today’s needs Businesses are always looking for management programs as key to Unaligned missions new ways to increase revenue, the overall customer experience.1 Discrete organizational structures boost margins and increase run counter to the need for a Companies often lack a formal, capital effectiveness. All of these common company-wide view service-centric process because the objectives can be addressed by of spare-parts and service corporate operating models around improving the after-sale service management. The frequent result which their supply chains were and spare parts operating model. is that service levels across built are generally product oriented However, service and spare parts business units end up being rather than service oriented. businesses mostly tend to be wildly uneven. Most areas become These operations simply were silo-oriented afterthoughts (Figure over- or under-serviced, but few not designed to handle reverse 1)—even among companies that are well-aligned with customer supply chain flows or to smoothly take their commitment to customer needs. For example, with too accommodate parts inventories service very seriously. Some of little cross-functional contact, and the logistics associated with those committed companies are Procurement may simply aggregate repairs and returns. This is another able to maintain high service part-order requests—again reason why a Service Value Chain quality; it just costs them more resulting in excess volume. Further initiative is often so valuable. money. Still, an Accenture survey upstream, Engineering may design revealed that service management Other flaws in a company’s parts in response to demands has yet to achieve “mission- operating structure may also from other internal departments, critical” status at a majority of contribute to sub-par or overly but without the serviceability companies. Only 42 percent of expensive service: perspective that comes from respondents view formal service field service technicians or maintenance personnel. Figure 1: The traditional operating model for service management. Sales and Contract Management Corporate Management Product Value Chain Service Sourcing and Forecasting Manufacturing/ Warehousing Customer Point Procurement and Planning Process and of Use/Delivery Distribution Service Event Management Sourcing and Procurement Spare Parts Planning Repair Reverse Logistics Warranty Management Product Design and Product Lifecycle Management (Engineering) Master Data Management Finance, HR and IT Accountability Performance Management MasterData/ mgt Reporting 6
  • 7. Discontinuous processes delivery functions seeking to Fortunately, it is feasible to Siloed functions can result in coordinate the availability of parts, transition from a model that constrained views of demand tools and skilled repair technicians. positions service management characteristics, organizational as an appendage to a model in Underpowered legacy systems preparedness and customer which proactive service themes Companies need specialized expectations or customer and actions are infused across the software and systems to ensure relevancy. Supply chain planners, supply chain. As demonstrated service efficiency and service- for instance, need cross-functional in the next section, the most parts transparency. However, information and cooperation important challenge is developing many legacy systems are not up to effectively forecast spare- an integrated service model and to the task because they were part needs, track and optimize deeper relationships with other designed primarily to support inventory, coordinate parts core functions. enterprise operations, product orders with repair orders, and sales and production-oriented manage vendors and purchase supply chains. They do not excel orders. Another example is at service-demand analytics, product lifecycle managers who service-part safety stock must use field data to establish management, variations associated serviceability requirements, with sporadic demand, service develop comprehensive product- partner management, integrated failure information and link that scheduling and dispatch for data to parts planning and product technicians, and the deployment development. This information of tools. is an important input for service 7
  • 8. 2. A New Operating Model: The Service Value Chain Service Value Chains are about • 10 percent to 20 percent A Service Value Chain integration and collaboration: increases in service revenue. making service and parts means making service • 10 percent to 20 percent operations an integral, life-cycle- improvements in customer and parts operations an wide consideration—from product design, to sourcing and procuring satisfaction. integral, life-cycle-wide parts and components, through • 15 percent to 30 percent consideration—from customer use and after-sale reductions in service costs. product design, to support, and on to end-of-life • 25 percent to 40 percent jumps disposition (Figure 2). However, in working capital utilization. sourcing and procuring Service Value Chains are also • 15 percent to 30 percent parts and components, about making service management increases in technician efficiency. performance quantifiably better. through customer use One of the most frustrating Reengineering the relationship and after-sale support, things about traditional service between service management management approaches and and three operating functions– and on to end-of- structures is that value is hard to Sales & Contract Management, life disposition. assess. This is why Service Value Customer Service & Support, and Chain approaches emphasize Engineering—is key to capturing the capture of measurable these benefits. improvements, such as: Figure 2: How the Service Value Chain fits and operates. Sales and Contract Management Corporate Management Accountability Performance Management Product Value Chain Sourcing Forecasting Manufacturing/ Warehousing Customer Return/ and and Process/ and Point of Use/ Repair Procurement Planning Repair Distribution Delivery Recycle Integrated Objective: Total Lifetime Value Customer Service and Support Service Value Chain Product Design and Product Lifecycle Management (Engineering) Master Data Management Finance, HR and IT Finance, HR and IT 8
  • 9. Developing synergies between Sales & Contract Management and the Service Value Chain Sell products and reliability instead of products and repair. Take a life-cycle view of service and spare parts costs and pricing. Consider performance-based contracting or managed services. Optimize profits through strategic parts pricing. Integration with Sales & • Managed services are basically services and the provision of spares Contract Management ongoing, customer-centric service and parts. The MoD maintains commitments. For example, a responsibility for integrating the From a customer’s perspective, global forklift manufacturer might various service contracts and today’s products and the after- provide a fleet of vehicles to a meeting the aircraft-availability sale services associated with retail chain. A managed service requirements of its end customer, those products are not succinctly relationship is then constructed the Royal Air Force. connected. Not only is the to focus the two sides on the • Strategic parts pricing implies relationship confusing, it is specific needs of each retail a service-oriented, product- potentially detrimental to the operation and distribution center life-cycle view that is geared to seller’s goal of maximum margin, (e.g., transport capacity defined maximizing profitability rather profitability and customer loyalty. by tonnages and pallet volume, as than cutting costs. Consider a A better and simpler approach well as working hours). Guided by heavy equipment manufacturer might be designing products for these commitments, the forklift that implemented a new pricing maximum reliability and taking a company equips its fleet, maintains approach after it ran out of cost- lifetime view of service and spare the trucks, charges batteries for cutting options. The company parts costs and pricing. This is electric trucks, and so forth. repositioned several products where linkages between a Service and Spare Parts organization and • Performance-based (“power based on the price elasticity of key Sales & Contract Management by the hour”) contracting can market segments. It also identified come in, and three capabilities are spur manufacturers to build more a clear threshold beyond which particularly key: reliable products, while shifting it would save more in terms of the responsibility for maintenance warranty reimbursements at a and reliability to the OEM. For lower price than it would gain in example, BAE Systems’ relationship profit from a higher price. Lastly, with the UK’s Ministry of Defense the manufacturer instituted a (MoD) typically involves contracts “product life cycle view” for for discrete maintenance, repair pricing decisions—emphasizing 9
  • 10. Developing synergies between Customer Service & Support and the Service Value Chain Link customer-segmentation approaches to customer service offerings. Develop a portfolio of value-oriented service products. Use simulation and modeling to create the right mix of service products. Align pricing of service-related products with delivered and perceived customer value. Avoid complexity by bundling and modularizing service products. Compile and leverage all available customer and service data. price leadership and product value, Integration with Customer SKUs. Across the entire sample, 10 rather than following competitors’ Service & Support percent of service calls were cited leads. This new approach helped as unresolved due to lack of parts, produce a two-percentage-point The mission here is to align service tooling or information. Several increase in gross margin within operations to the expectations implications can be drawn from a year. of specific customer segments. this research: Segmentation is not a new • Valuable customers are often A better and simpler concept but it is not often alienated by unsatisfactory service. applied to after-sale service and approach might be spare parts management. Linking • Stratifying customers’ service needs could provide new revenue- designing products for the Service Value Chain to an enhancement opportunities. organization’s customer-service maximum reliability and efforts addresses this shortcoming • Better, more efficient service taking a lifetime view by tying segmentation approaches could result from a clearer to service areas such as customer understanding of each customer of service and spare interface management, call segment’s ongoing needs. parts costs and pricing. center operations, self help and The Accenture survey identified documentation support. This is where linkages several companies that excel in service management. These leaders between a Service and Findings from a recent Accenture tend to be particularly good at service management survey Spare Parts organization demonstrate how valuable the tailoring service programs for each customer or customer segment. and Sales & Contract connection can be. Researchers Take General Electric’s Aviation found that only 80 percent of Management responding companies consistently Division, which has a program called Intelligent Workscopes. GE come in. fix problems the first time. Eighty must tune engine performance percent was also the fill rate for based on what aircraft customers respondents’ customer-facing 10
  • 11. require, and that generally varies how simulation or modeling by airline. Some customers opt for can create the right mix of better short-term performance, appropriately priced services. others for fuel savings, and still These organizations leverage all others for longer-term durability. available customer and service Intelligent Workscopes factor data (e.g., maintenance records in such customer needs before and service inquiries) and develop engines go into the shop. They proactive service and parts also consider how much customers strategies that are consistent wish to spend on maintenance. GE with their business strategies. Aviation maintenance personnel As a result, they consistently are consequently able to plan meet customers’ delivery and execute more cost effectively requirements, as well as other and to stock the right (and right performance expectations. amount of) parts. Organizations focused on Service management after-sale customer relationships leaders excel at also do other things well. Because they have worked to tying segmentation understand and financially approaches to service quantify customers’ parts and service requirements, leaders are areas such as customer able to construct profitable service interface management, products such as preventive- maintenance or machine-overhaul call center operations, packages. Those same companies self help and also are likely to understand documentation support. 11
  • 12. Developing synergies between Engineering and the Service Value Chain Use more standard components and common parts. Emphasize interoperability. Increase information capture and knowledge transfer. Deploy more feedback systems and alarms. Reduce product complexity. Work with suppliers on design-for-service ability programs. Integration with Engineering mining company in China. One As Asus learned, an environment In most organizations, Engineering of that company’s business units of fewer SKUs offers advantages and Service are not tightly coupled. designed a conveyor belt that that go beyond less complexity Yet there are many good reasons was different from the company and lower costs. Companies may why they ought to be. For example, standard. Since belts must be also have an easier time working when Engineering and Service do replaced frequently, significant with suppliers on design-for- not communicate well, the latter added costs were associated serviceability programs. Moreover, group may be unable to accurately with design; replacement; SKU supplier-focused incentives forecast asset outages and product management and storage; may transcend volume and failures. Likely results include bad installation equipment and price to include engineering first-time-fix ratios, long service- processes; and the need for a designs that help companies order lead times, and large spare special supplier. This complexity improve maintenance. parts inventories. drove increased cost to serve. If a piece of equipment is part The best way to avoid the above One company that excels at of a larger machine or operation, scenarios is with tighter coupling standardization is Asus, a tighter service linkages with between Service and Engineering Taiwanese computer and gaming Engineering help increase organizations. And one of the hardware manufacturer. Its vast interoperability levels, thereby best places to start is with a product portfolio means it has ensuring that an existing complexity-reduction initiative. an enormous number of parts technology or platform does not Extensive product lines and that require detailed planning, become redundant each time government-mandated service- forecasting and replenishment. a new version is released. The life commitments in certain Moreover, different categories have missions of complexity reduction countries and industries mean that different demand characteristics. and standardization may be product manufacturers must often This created a compelling case for further enhanced by including maintain many part iterations. This a design standardization program maintenance/service engineers can create tremendous complexity, that led to fewer unique parts and in all product- and system- which is what happened to a large greater SKU rationalization. design activities. The potential 12
  • 13. impacts of complexity reduction system works in the curves”). the supplier-chargeback process on spare parts inventories, field Same for a repair facility (“This for products under warranty. technician efficiency and warranty engine chassis is designed in a way Improved failure analysis can help management costs are significant. that makes it extremely difficult companies identify root causes to extract the battery. Easier which may, in turn, produce Another good way to connect disassembly might make it possible significant chargebacks. However, Service Management and for repairs to be done very few companies currently have Engineering is with a closed- on site”). formal chargeback processes in loop feedback process. place, mainly because they lack Increasing information capture Closed-loop feedback information the necessary data. and knowledge transfer at can be supported by early alarms every service chain node that provide rapid sensitization In net, a tight relationship helps Engineering maximize and help to quickly eliminate between Service Management serviceability, while giving Service design defects. Some years ago, and Engineering has numerous Management an opportunity to Sony faced problems with volatile benefits: simplify Engineering’s design tasks. laptop batteries. The company • If a part is designed for For example, in the aftermarket responded by compressing the serviceability, then repairs service space, organizations should detection time for part failure. This during scheduled or unscheduled be able to capture transactional meant enormous savings in reverse downtimes can run smoother and feedback from technicians and logistics, warranty expenses, faster, with necessary spares and loop that information back to technician labor and even potential labor available when needed. Engineering. Technicians may liabilities. Implementation of • Future design efforts can provide enlightening insights into automatic feedback loops is key to leverage warranty and repair quality (“This new service board adding the Value in “Service information to build more doesn’t work as well as the earlier Value Chain.” reliable products. one”) or design (“This fastener doesn’t move easily, perhaps Another benefit of improved • Warranty risk and costs because of the way the interlock integration between Service and are reduced. Engineering is a tighter focus on 13
  • 14. 3. Core Attributes of a Service Value Chain A Service Value Chain avoids Centralized Operations Partner Networks vertical silos, encourages an Companies’ service and parts- As part of the Service Value Chain integrated product and service management objectives benefit network, “collaboration by design” perspective, promotes a distinctive significantly from a centralized is fundamental for the relations service strategy, encourages high-level enterprise view which with Service Partners. One key enterprise-wide integration, aligns specific service objectives reason is the innate benefit of enhances end-to-end visibility, with the overall business strategy. pan-enterprise visibility into all and tightens companies’ focus on Highly decentralized organizations, Service Assets such as available the achievement of lower total on the other hand, often parts inventories, associated cost of ownership. And as we have experience varying or inconsistent service provider technicians discussed, the Service Value Chain behaviors and accountabilities, or integrated repair partner draws much of its power and profit which makes it harder for capacities. Another benefit is potential from its integration service and parts organizations the potential to remove logistics with other business functions. to maximize their contributions costs by tight direct integration of Supporting this commitment to to business profitability and Service Partners, e.g. by enabling cross-functional integration, here competitive advantage. The direct shipments of parts to a are four key attributes of a Service improvement potential of service repair depot or a service technician Value Chain—what it takes from a planning and management truck, rather than routing assets service standpoint to out-structure capabilities is particularly great through a complex distribution and out–execute competitors. with centralization. Key examples channel. A third reason is rapid include network strategy and resolution of conflicts along the segmentation, inventory planning, Service Value Chain through A Service Value and asset-base management. streamlined decision-making Chain avoids vertical and auditing procedures in the Companies with Service Value acquisition and deployment of the silos, encourages Chains often (but not always) have Service Assets. an integrated an easier time dealing with the reverse supply chain requirements This strong collaboration among product and service associated with service and spare partners should also be the perspective, promotes parts management. In addition, basis of strategic sourcing along this may also be key to increasing the network: closely working a distinctive spares/ global parts “transparency.” and improving the end-to-end service strategy, and value chain jointly with Service With standardized processes, Partners helps to identify, select encourages enterprise- companies are able to establish and shape mutually beneficial wide integration, end- more robust parts and service value propositions. In short, interactions across functions. to-end visibility and If procurement entities do not understanding the capabilities of partners and leveraging their approaches geared work cross-functionally they will strengths can result in better, invariably focus more on cost to ascertaining and metrics, which can increase a cheaper service. achieving lower total component’s or product’s total Specialized Skills and Advanced cost of ownership. For example, Technology cost of ownership. Procurement may be able to work Leaders in service management more effectively with operations often are distinguished by their and maintenance people to create deployment of unique tools, strategies that reflect how spare systems, skills and personnel— parts and equipment are actually including a senior decision maker used and maintained. who is distinct from the executive responsible for the product value 14
  • 15. chain. With that distinction, Service/maintenance For example, although leaner often times these companies inventories are always desirable, may also have developed a forecasting is very the preferred company-wide goal separate P&L for their parts and different from regular of exceptional service may require service businesses. As a result raising inventories. Similarly, a to the increased importance product, production or company-wide focus on lead times of service, a dedicated talent wholesale forecasting. may also mean higher costs unless management strategy is required. most spares are procured locally. It involves randomized However, none of the above goals These same companies also are demand forecasting, inherently reflect a company’s likely to depend less on ERP to overall priorities, which is why handle parts and service, since ERP which cannot be done organizations need to formulate systems often struggle in areas with traditional ERP- enterprise-wide parts and service such as forecasting, managing objectives, and then prioritize distributed inventories and aligning based time-series performance metrics across all resources with specific service forecasting. nodes in the service chain. or maintenance events. After all, service/maintenance forecasting An Integrated Approach to is very different from regular Performance Management To fully balance product, production or wholesale In traditional supply chains, costs against service forecasting. Among other things, accountability and performance are it involves randomized demand measured vertically—within siloed levels, organizations forecasting, which cannot be done functions. This is rarely optimal for need to establish with traditional ERP-based time- any company, but it is particularly series forecasting. Dedicated problematic in after-sale service performance metrics technology investment is needed and parts management. that work across the to compliment typical ERP to comply with service specific To fully balance costs against Service Value Chain. requirements. service levels, organizations need to establish performance metrics Service businesses are also likely that work across supply chain to require extensive mobile functions and reflect the value technology. Utility companies, for stream’s collective contributions. example, maintain parts depots Imbued in a Service Value Chain, that are in remote locations or this horizontal alignment may disconnected from the regular emphasize goals that are not warehouse network. These the same as those associated organizations need mobile devices with specific vertical modes. For to maintain and check inventories example, Sourcing & Procurement’s in those locations. Using remote specific priorities may range diagnostic capabilities to monitor from lead times and contract performance and predict and plan compliance to purchase order for outages can take this industry’s fill rate, supplier concentration service planning to the next level and average purchase order of sophistication. value. Supplier contributions in the form of cost reductions or service innovations also may be noteworthy. Performance metrics for distribution could be speed of service or delivery accuracy. 15
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  • 17. Outsourcing and the Service Value Chain Outsourcing is not automatically a characteristic of any particular business model. However, organizations may wish to combine a Service Value Chain initiative with the transfer of parts and service management to a third party. By drawing on the skills and resources of a third party, companies can often sidestep the need for large investments in physical assets; as well as human and technology resources. Third parties can generally amortize those investments across multiple customers. A good service-outsourcing example is Lockheed-Martin which has outsourced the global service and support of its manufacturing equipment. The agreement encompasses interactive diagnostic help, preventive maintenance, field service, training, replacement, and spare parts and productivity improvements. Savings were realized in areas ranging from greater operational and maintenance efficiencies to purchasing/management cost reductions. Spares and inventory management is a good example of a potentially fruitful outsourcing opportunity. Accenture experience suggests that companies can achieve reductions of 10 percent to 20 percent in operating costs by optimizing and outsourcing spares and inventory management activities. Many companies that manage a high volume of parts and inventories—e.g., those in consumer electronics, industrial equipment, medical equipment, automotive manufacturing and various other industrial sectors—are seeking ways to remove after-sale-service assets from their books so they can concentrate resources on other activities. It should also be noted that outsourced service relationships naturally adhere to many of the Service Value Chain attributes— particularly centralized operations and oversight (which adds coordination and visibility), specialized skills and advanced technology (which increases utilization of leading-edge tools), and astute attention to performance management (which drives service level agreements and enables tighter, clearer metrics for gauging and capturing opportunities). 17
  • 18. 4. High Performance and the Service Value Chain Of all the Service Value Chain Those benefits are not characteristics noted in this insignificant. Accenture experience Accenture Point of View, the has shown that high performers most important may be the fact in service management have that Service Value Chains are built Service Value Chains fully aligned with—but not simple that consistently increase extensions of—companies’ regular service revenue, raise customer value chain models. However, satisfaction, reduce service costs, Service Value Chains are infused improve working capital utilization, with an end-to-end value chain enhance technician efficiency and orientation: They incorporate the even strengthen brand image. knowledge and perspectives of key functions across the enterprise, And what sorts of companies and the benefits they produce are optimal candidates for the are company-wide, rather than development of a Service Value function-focused. Chain? Broadly speaking, a close investigation might be advisable for any company seeking to elevate the quality and profitability of its after-sale service and parts- management operations. About the Authors Robert Giacobbe is a senior Tech in Asia Pacific. He also and aerospace defense and executive in Accenture Supply leads the Service Supply Chain consumer goods. Based in Chain Management Consulting. He Transformation activities across Chicago, she can be reached at practices exclusively in the areas industries for Asia Pacific. kristine.m.renker@accenture.com. of service chain optimization and Cameron’s client experiences André Skerlavaj is a senior focuses on customer strategy, include optimizing the service manager in Accenture Supply service resource planning, supply chain and integrating with Chain Management Consulting maintenance/repair, field customer contact capabilities to and leads Accenture’s Service enablement, returns/warranty and drive OPEX, CAPEX and customer Management group in Austria, spares optimization work. He has satisfaction improvements. Switzerland and Germany. He extensive experience in leading his Cameron holds an engineering has extensive experience in clients through service business degree with honors from Arizona the automotive and industrial transformation programs, from State University and is based in equipment industries, focusing on strategy formulation to solution Beijing. He can be reached at after sales and service businesses. deployment. He has worked across cameron.plummer@accenture.com He is recognized for his broad the heavy equipment, energy Kristine Renker is a senior range of service management and high-tech industries. Based manager in Accenture Supply expertise ranging from service in Atlanta, he can be reached at Chain Management Consulting. strategy, process optimization to robert.giacobbe@accenture.com. She is the research and the technical conceptualization Cameron Plummer is a senior development lead for global and implementation of the executive in Accenture Supply supply chain focusing on service service solution—in field Chain Management Consulting management and manufacturing service operations, spare parts and leads Accenture’s Customer practices. She has industry management and MRO. Based in Service and Support Program and consulting experience in Frankfurt, he can be reached at for Communications & High automotive, industrial equipment andre.p.skerlavaj@accenture.com. 18
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  • 20. About Accenture About Accenture Supply Chain to help organizations transform Management their supply chain capabilities. We collaborate with clients to implement Accenture is a global management Accenture Supply Chain Management innovative consulting, technology and consulting, technology services consulting services help clients outsourcing solutions, and enhance and outsourcing company, with across a broad range of industries the skills and capabilities of the supply approximately 211,000 people serving to develop dynamic supply chains chain workforce. For more information, clients in more than 120 countries. by aligning operating models visit www.accenture.com/supplychain. to support business strategies, Combining unparalleled experience, optimizing global operations, and comprehensive capabilities across enabling profitable product launches. all industries and business functions, Committed to helping clients achieve and extensive research on the world’s high performance through supply most successful companies, Accenture chain mastery, we combine global collaborates with clients to help them industry expertise and skills in become high-performance businesses supply chain strategy, sourcing and and governments. The company procurement, supply chain planning, generated net revenues of US$21.6 manufacturing, product design, billion for the fiscal year ended fulfillment, and service management Aug. 31, 2010. Its home page is www.accenture.com. Copyright © 2011 Accenture References All rights reserved. 1. “Accenture Research and Insights Accenture, its logo, and into Service Management Mastery,” High Performance Delivered © 2009 Accenture. are trademarks of Accenture. 2. “Maintenance Outsourcing As a Global Strategy,” © Industry Week, May 1, 2009