I was Visited a Site of Bajaj Engineers Project. We have seen their many problems arise in pile foundation and we think how this Problem Should Be Solved? We Have Visited This Site And Decided To Do Project To Solve This Problem. Our Problem is pile foundation. According To Our Survey This Problem should be reduced by taking such steps towards this problem. We Make Survey On Whole Site And Find Out Problems And We Should Work On To Find Out Solution To Solve Problems

1. WELCOME

2. Project
Transmission Line
Foundation

3. Guided By:-
HADIYA KIRAN

4. Transmission Line Tower
 Transmission towers are the most visible
component of the power transmission system.
Their function is to keep the high-voltage
conductors (power lines) separated from their
surroundings and from each other. A variety of
tower designs exist that generally employ an open
lattice work or a monopole, but generally they are
very tall (a 500 kv tower might be 150 feet tall with
cross arms as much as 100 feet wide), metal
structures.

5. Where
A= Tolani F.G. Polytechnic B= Site Visit

6. Map

7. Transmission Line Detail
Transmission Line

8. Types Of Transmission Tower :-
 Suspension Towers
 Terminal Tower
 Tension Tower
 Transposition Tower

9. There are special type of Tower as
per Special Usage
•River Crossing Tower
•Railway/Highway Crossing Tower
Also according to angle of Deviation there are few
types of Transmission towers :-
•A Type Tower angle of deviation 0-2
•B Type Tower angle of deviation2-15
•C Type Tower angle of deviation 15-30
•D type Tower angle of deviation 30-60

10. Suspension Tower
 In this case, the tower is supposed
to carry a downward force, and a
lateral force, but not a longitudinal
force.
 These may have, for each conductor,
an insulator string hanging down from
the tower.
 Two strings making a "V" shape.

11. Tension Tower
 A dead-end tower (also anchor tower, anchor
pylon) is a fully self-supporting structure used in
construction of overhead transmission lines. A
dead-end tower uses horizontal strain insulators
and is used when the circuit changes to a buried
cable, or at a substation as a transition
to a "slack span" entering the equipment.
Dead-end towers may be used when a
transmission line changes direction by
more than a few degrees.

12. Transposition Tower
 In electrical power transmission,
a transposition tower is a
transmission tower that changes
the relative physical positions of the
conductors of a transmission line.
A transposition tower allows these
sections to be connected together,
while maintaining adequate clearance
for the conductors.

13. Types Of Foundation Used In Transmission
Tower:-
 Steel Foundation
 Concrete Spread Footing
 Caisson
 Pile Foundation
 Rock Foundation
 Raft Foundation
 Novel Foundation

14. Suitability of Foundation According to
Transmission Tower:-
Steel Foundation:-
There are pyramid arrangements that transfer the
horizontal shear to the base through truss action.
Other types transfer the shear through shear
members that engage the lateral resistance of the
compacted backfill.

15. Suitability Of Steel Foundation:-
 This type of grillage foundation can also be
safely used for light towers where the soil
encountered is soft and is permanently water-
logged.

16. Rock Foundations :-
 If bed rock is close to the surface, a rock
foundation can be installed.
 It is also helpful to wet the hole before
placing concrete to ensure a good bond.

17. Piles Foundation Are Use:-
 Piles are used to transmit loads through soft
soil layers to stiffer soils or rock. The piles
can be of wood, prestressed concrete, cast
in place concrete, concrete filled shells,
steel H piles, steel pipes filled with
concrete, and prestressed concrete cylinder
piles.

18. Suitability Of Raft Foundation:-
 This type of foundation is suitable where
the ground conditions are very poor and
bearing power of the soil is so low that
individual spread footing cannot be
provided.

19. Suitability of Caisson:-
 Caisson is suitable when hard strata are
available at shallow depth and soil bearing
capacity is very high.

20. Site Details
 Project Cost:- 16 cr.
 Pile Depth:- 20 m
 Pile Dia:- 600 mm
 Reinforcement Detail:-
Bars:- Longitudinal bar 8 Nos-25 mm Dia.
Pitch:- 150 mm
Stirrups:- 8 mm
 Concrete Grade:- M-30
 Cement Grade:- Cement 53 Grade OPC
 Steel Grade:- Fe 415
 Spacing Of Tower:- 350 meter
 Total No of Pile:- 312
 Total Length of Project :- 15 km. ‘Adani Port’ to ‘Tuna Port’

21. Problems
1. Break Down Because of Mechanical Failure
2. Transport Of Heavy Machine
3. Hard strata
4. Boring Blade
5. Trimie got chock up Because Of Various
Reasons.
6. Delay in Setting time of concrete while piling
7. Welding/Joint Failure At Lapping

22. Problems
8. Hollow piling problem
9. Collapse of sides of pile during
drilling/boring of pile
10. Due to entrapped air in trimie pipe, there is
a risk of blockage in it.

23. Solutions And Preventive Measure
 Hard Strata Problem:-
 Solution:-
 A range of high strength drilling equipment
including rock augers, rock roller bits, core
barrels and cluster hammers to give a
productive solution to drilling in rock from 5
MPa to over 300 MPa.
 With the support of a large fleet of rotary drill
rigs we can take on small or large projects for
any diameter of drilling in high strength rock.
 Cluster drills have been used to drill rock
sockets up to 8 m long in very high strength
basalt

24. Boring Blade:-
 Preventive Measure:-
 If the bore hole in such bigger that a person can insert
in the drilled hole and by rope the bit/blade can be took
out.
 Broken of bit:- The piece of that has fallen into the bore
hole can be taken out by the magnet.
 Solution:-
 Boring plate should be used of
good quality (carbon Steel ) Carbon
tools should be welded on boring
blades.
 Rock augers are generally the
preferred tool for drilling in
materials that have a high
concentration of cobbles or boulders.

25. Collapse of sides of pile during drilling/boring
of pile:-
 Preventive Measure:-
 The liner should be placed up to a certain Depth or
up to the depth of the loose soil strata.
 Solution:-
 Normally the following three major mineral groups
of soil are used instead of bentonite:-
 Montmorillonite
 Illite
 Kaolinite
 Bentonite

26. Welding/Joint Failure At Lapping:-
 Preventive Measure:-
◦ The Lapping should be done as per the
specification and the bars should be bend
properly.
◦ If the collapsed cage is at such a level than
the cage should be taken out and after the
inspection of the cage and if the collapsed
cage is damaged then new cage should be
placed.
◦ If above solution in not possible then that
bore will be failed and at other point the
piling should be done if necessary.

27. Welding/Joint Failure At Lapping:-
 Solution:-
 For lapping of steel reinforcement instead
of welding the steel bars. Threading should
be done in the bars and it should be
tightened and then it should be welded.

28. Tremie Pipe Problem:-
 Preventive Measure:-
 The tremie pipe should be taken out and
when the entraps air fully comes out then
again pipe is attached and work can be
continued.

29. Tremie Pipe Problem:-
 Solution:-
 If PVC pipes are used then the joints become air
proof and chances of blockage reduces.
 Light weight rigid plastic tremie should used or
tremie made of fiber plastic should be used which
are light in weight.

30. Suitability Of Pile Foundation:-
 This type of foundation is suitable under the
following situations ;
1. When the soil is very soft and solid base is
not available at a reasonable depth to keep
the bearing power within safe limits.
2. When the grillage and raft foundation are very
expansive.
3. When the tower is very high carrying heavy
concentrated loads.
4. When it is necessary to construct a tower
along the sea shore or river bed

31. Site Visit Photos AT- BAJAJ
ENGINEERS

34. Conclusion
 After detailed study of our project, we are
able to know different kind of problems like
lapping problem, boring blade, hard strata
problem etc. in construction of transmission
line tower.
 This project is helpful for detailed analysis
of problems and to find out suitability of type
of foundation according to site condition for
the same.

35. Thank You..!