the relationship between physics and engineering SI units

1. General physics I
Lecture1
Almughtaribeen
university
2015

2.  Units ‫الدولية‬ ‫القياس‬ ‫وحدات‬
Dimensional analysis ‫البعدي‬ ‫التحليل‬
Measurement errors ‫القياسات‬ ‫في‬ ‫االخطاء‬
Reflection and refraction of light waves ‫الضؤ‬ ‫وانكسار‬ ‫انعكاس‬
Lens systems ‫العدسات‬ ‫نظام‬
Light and electromagnetic waves ‫الكهرومغنطيسية‬ ‫الموجات‬
Electric charge and current ‫الكهربية‬ ‫والشحنات‬ ‫التيار‬
Electric and magnetic field ‫والمغنطيسي‬ ‫الكهربي‬ ‫المجال‬
Capacitors, inductors, resistance ‫المكثفات‬,‫الملفات‬,‫المقاومات‬
Maxwell equations ‫ماكسويل‬ ‫معادالت‬
Electromagnetic oscillations and waves
‫الكهرومغنطيسية‬ ‫التذبذبات‬ ‫او‬ ‫االهتزازات‬
Reference:
Physics for scientist and Engineers, serway and jewett 2014.

3. 15 weeks
14 lectures
9 worksheets + reports (180) , Average (20)
1 midterm exam (20)
Attendance (10)
final exam (50)
Total :Student work (50)+final exam (50)=100

4. The relationship between physics and engineering
 physicists discover (‫اكتشاف‬) facts ‫الحقائق‬ and laws ‫القوانين‬ ,
develop methods ‫االطرق‬,‫منهج‬ of measurement, determine
various constants ‫الثوابت‬ , propose and work out in detail
mathematical theories ‫نظريات‬ and hypotheses ‫,فرضيات‬ etc..
 while engineers later apply (‫يطبق‬) some of these valuable
facts and theories to the design ‫تصميم‬ , construction ‫بناء‬ ,
and operation of various practical device ‫اجهزة‬ and
aggregates‫تجميع‬ .

5. ‫والحيوية‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الهندسة‬:
-‫الطبية‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ ‫الهندسة‬:Bioelectrical Engineering
‫ا‬‫ل‬‫أو‬:‫الحيوية‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ ‫االشارات‬ ‫علم‬:(Bioelectromagnetism)
‫لأل‬ ‫والكهرومغناطيسية‬ ‫والمغناطيسية‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ ‫اإلشارات‬ ‫من‬ ‫االستفادة‬ ‫في‬ ‫يبحث‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫هو‬‫الحية‬ ‫نسجة‬
‫األنسجة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وأداء‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫تشخيص‬ ‫بهدف‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫توثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المجهرية‬ ‫ولألجسام‬.
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ثاني‬:‫الحيوية‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ ‫التأثيرات‬ ‫علم‬:(Bioelectromagnetics)
‫والتي‬ ‫الخارجية‬ ‫الكهرومغناطيسية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المغناطيسية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ ‫التأثيرات‬ ‫يدرس‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫هو‬ ‫و‬‫عن‬ ‫تصدر‬
‫تعانيه‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحيوية‬ ‫الوظائف‬ ‫في‬ ‫االختالالت‬ ‫لمعالجة‬ ‫الحية‬ ‫األنسجة‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلنسان‬ ‫صنع‬ ‫من‬ ‫أجهزة‬‫األنسجة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ا‬.
-‫الحيوية‬ ‫الميكانيكية‬ ‫الهندسة‬:Biomechanical Engineering
-‫الحية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫هندسة‬(Biomaterials.)
-‫الحيوية‬ ‫األنظمة‬ ‫محاكاة‬ ‫هندسة‬(Systems & Integrative Engineering)
-‫الجينية‬ ‫الهندسة‬.
-‫العصبية‬ ‫الهندسة‬(Neural engineering.)

6. ‫العمارة‬ ‫وفن‬ ‫المدنية‬ ‫الهندسة‬:
‫األرض‬ ‫لمواد‬ ‫الهندسي‬ ‫بالسلوك‬ ‫يهتم‬.‫الفيزيائية‬ ‫خواصها‬ ‫وتحديد‬ ،‫والمواد‬ ‫الباطنية‬ ‫الظروف‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫وتشمل‬
‫وتصميم‬ ،‫الموقع‬ ‫ظروف‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫وتقييم‬ ،‫المقام‬ ‫بالمشروع‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫والكيميائية‬ ‫أوالميكانيكية‬
‫واألعمال‬ ‫األساس‬ ‫وبنية‬ ،‫الموقع‬ ‫ظروف‬ ‫ورصد‬ ،‫الهيكل‬ ‫واساسات‬ ‫الرضية‬ ‫العمال‬.
-‫اإلنشاءات‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫والصناعية‬ ‫السكنية‬ ‫والخرسانية‬ ‫المعدنية‬ ‫المنشآت‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ‫بتصميم‬ ‫وتختص‬.
-‫المواصالت‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫المرور‬ ‫وهندسة‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫وهندسة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫وإنشاء‬ ‫بتصميم‬ ‫وتختص‬..
-‫هندسة‬‫الموائع‬:‫المنشئات‬ ‫على‬ ‫وأثرها‬ ‫السوائل‬ ‫خصائص‬ ‫بدارسة‬ ‫وتختص‬"‫أو‬ ‫المباني‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرياح‬ ‫أثر‬ ‫مثل‬
‫ذلك‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وما‬ ‫السدود‬ ‫على‬ ‫المياه‬ ‫ضغط‬."
-‫التربة‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫بـ‬ ‫تسمى‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وغالبا‬ ‫واألساسات‬ ‫للتربة‬ ‫اإلنشائية‬ ‫الخصائص‬ ‫بدراسة‬ ‫وتختص‬"‫الترب‬ ‫مكيانيكا‬‫ة‬."
-‫صحية‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫المياه‬ ‫ومحطات‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫الصرف‬ ‫أنظمة‬ ‫وتشغيل‬ ‫بتصميم‬ ‫وتختص‬.
-‫الري‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫الزراعية‬ ‫المائية‬ ‫والمنشآت‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫الري‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫أساليب‬ ‫بدراسة‬ ‫وتختص‬.

7. -‫جيوتكنيكية‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫الت‬ ‫لمواد‬ ‫والميكانيكية‬ ‫والفيزيائية‬ ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫الخواص‬ ‫بدراسة‬ ‫وتختص‬‫والصخور‬ ‫ربة‬
‫وتقنياتها‬.
-‫والتشييد‬ ‫الدارة‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫م‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫وأسرع‬ ‫ممكنة‬ ‫كلفة‬ ‫بأقل‬ ‫المنشآت‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ‫الكميات‬ ‫بدراسة‬ ‫وتختص‬‫وإدارة‬ ‫مكن‬
‫العمل‬ ‫موقع‬.
-‫المائية‬ ‫والموارد‬ ‫السدود‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫وك‬ ‫واألساسات‬ ‫التحتية‬ ‫والبنى‬ ‫المائية‬ ‫المنشأت‬ ‫بتصميم‬ ‫ويختص‬‫التصاميم‬ ‫ذلك‬
‫الهيدروليكية‬.
-‫البحرية‬ ‫والمنشآت‬ ‫الموانى‬ ‫هندسة‬:‫أرصف‬ ‫من‬ ‫البحرية‬ ‫والمنشآت‬ ‫الموانى‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ‫بتصميم‬ ‫ويختص‬‫وحواجز‬ ‫ة‬
‫الشواطئ‬ ‫حماية‬ ‫سبل‬ ‫وكذلك‬ ‫أمواج‬.

8. ‫وااللكترونية‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ ‫الهندسة‬

it think it’s obvious why you study
physics!

9. The
International
System of Units

10. Why do we need to be able
to measure things?
Any Ideas?
Suppose we wanted to measure a 2 x 4 for
building a house.
Numbers by themselves don’t
make sense.
A board is 350 long . . . .A board is meters long . . . .
Units by themselves don’t
make sense.
To make sense, all measurements
need both . . .
A Number and a Unit!

11. Estimation
Estimation is using your knowledge of something similar
in size or amount to determine the size of the new
object.
o Helps to make a rough
measurement of an object.
o Usefully when you are in a
hurry and exact numbers
are not required.

12. Precision is a description
of how close
measurements are to
each other.
Precision and Accuracy
Accuracy is comparing
your measurement to
the actual or accepted
value.

13.  Measurements are easily understood by all scientists
 Measurements are easier to convert than the English
system
Scientists use the SI System
worldwide because:
Why use the SI System?
In the U.S. we use the
English or Standard System,
most of the rest of the world
uses the Metric or SI
System.
The SI (International System of Units) system is
the form of measurement typically used by
scientists.

16. The SI System uses the following prefixes:
This system works with any
SI measurement.
The UNIT becomes
whichever type of
measurement you are
making. (mass, volume, or
length)
It is the same system
regardless if you are
measuring length, mass, or
volume.
Kilo 1000
Hecto 100
Deca 10
UNIT 1
Deci 1/10
Centi 1/100
Milli 1/1000

17. It works for all types of measurement.
If your measuring . . .
Volume then it is the liter (deciliter,
hectoliter, etc.)
The first part of the term indicates the amount, the
second part indicates the type of measurement.
centi gram
Mass then it is the gram (centigram,
milligram, etc.)
Length then it is the meter (kilometer,
decameter, etc.)

18. Converting units:
For example in the metric system if you wanted to
know how many centimeters were in 3 meters, what
would you do?
Kilo Hecto Deca UNIT Deci Centi Milli
3 meters = 300 centimeters
1. Find the unit you have (meters).
2. Find the unit you are changing to
(centimeters).
3. Count the number of units in-between (2).
4. Move the decimal point that many spaces, in
the same direction you counted (right).

19. More Conversions . . .
Kilo Hecto Deca UNIT Deci Centi Milli
2,321.0 millimeters to meters
521.0 grams to hectograms
8.5 kiloliters to centiliters
= 2.321 meters
= 5.21 hectograms
= 8,50000 centiliters
NOTE: The digits aren’t changing, the
position of the decimal is. In the
English system the whole number
changes.

20. Length is the distance between two points.
 Does not matter if it is width, height, depth, etc.
All are length measurements.
 The basic unit of length in the SI System is the
meter.
 Area is a variation of a length measurement.
 Area is length x width.
 Expressed in units2 (m2, cm2, mm2 etc.)
Derived SI units:
Length

21. Volume
Volume is a measurement of the amount of space
something takes up.
 The basic unit used for volume is the liter. This
unit is used for the volumes of liquids.
 Volumes of solids are figured using this formula:
(L)ength x (W)idth x (H)eight
m x m x m = m3
 Objects without a definite length, width or
height (a rock for example), can use water
displacement to determine volume.
NOTE: 1 ml = 1 cm3

22. Density
is how much matter is in something (mass), compared to the amount
of space it takes up (volume).
The formula for density is:
 Every substance has a density, and that density
always remains the same.
 Density can be used to figure out what an
unknown substance is.
 The density of water is 1 g / cm3
So the unit for density is g / cm3
Mass grams(g) divided by Volume (cm3)

23. To teach is to learn
twice!