1.
Issaquah & Social Media
How early adoption can net greater public trust by making government engagement
more transparent, participatory, and quantifiable
By Kevin Wren
March 12, 2016

2. Issaquah’s Dynamic Duo
Autumn Monohan began her professional career as an intern for the ​Seattle Times​ in
2002 just before online services like Craigslist began sapping newspapers of significant
revenue streams thus signaling the end of a journalistic era. After working for the ​Times​,
she moved on to ​Newcastle News​, then the ​Issaquah Press​, and finally the ​Sammamish
Review​ before joining the public relations firm, the MWW group. After a year with MWW
she joined Issaquah’s local government as a Communications Coordinator & Public
Information Officer. Her dedication to the area never wavered and she has since
become Assistant to the City Manager due to her news sense, management abilities,
and public relations skills, supporting Robert “Bob” Harrison as City Administrator.
A couple years after Autumn joined Issaquah, Bob joined the management team
in 2010 upon the retirement of Leon Kos, who served as administrator for 33 years.
According to a Prothman report from 2014 about hiring a new Deputy City
Administrator, “Bob enjoys a reputation as a progressive and talented municipal
administrator, [bringing] solid leadership to the city, [and] served as an ICMA
Vice­President for the West Coast Region.” In some respects, Bob’s hiring in Issaquah
coincides with the sea change of how social media can impact government
participation.
Combining Autumn’s public relations skills, Bob’s progressive attitude, willing
council and city departments, and a tech savvy public; Issaquah was perfectly poised to
adopt new social media channels to complement the city’s public engagement. As a
result, Issaquah has a greater reach than much larger cities on key social media
channels, i.e. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, YouTube, Vine, Flikr, Google+,
and Pinterest (see Appendix B to I for comparison research). Issaquah is performing at
a higher level than larger cities like Seattle, Bellevue, Tacoma, and Portland. Compared
to similar sized cities like Kirkland, Renton, Woodinville, and Bothell; Issaquah is years
ahead in terms of cultivating public trust and engagement through social media. Despite
the tradeoffs of engaging on social media, the complex web of authority, the constraints
of public entities engaging citizens; the benefits of effective and efficient engagement
through these channels are robust, low­hanging, and quantifiable.
Issaquah is a shining example for cities in the Puget Sound to emulate because:
● The city realized the paradigm shift social media has caused in the last seven
years
● Embraced new channels as a way to build public trust and inspire public
participation in government
● Prevented negative consequences of engagement by overseeing its execution,
and being the conduit for a complex web of civil services and elected individuals
Appendix A attempts to clarify the relationships Autumn and Bon navigate on a
constant basis and indicates their team’s size amid various stakeholders. It is clear that
elected officials oversee their own accounts with the Social Media team acting in an
advisory role. This report aims to suggest Issaquah’s Social Media department is under
resourced and would be capable of more effective and efficient engagement with
another staff member. In an interview, Autumn noted her team strives to respond within
five minutes to every query, an edict of customer service not seen in local governments
in the area.
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3.
Issaquah: Beautiful, Growing, Affluent, and Primed
The same Prothman report from 2014 indicates the national recognition Issaquah has
received as a leader and innovator, signaling a high quality of life for residents and
workers, including:
● Multiple years​: Best Workplaces for Waste Prevention and Recycling
● 2008​: U.S. News and World Report ­ Best Healthy Places to Retire
● 2009​: U.S. Chamber of Commerce Siemens Sustainable Community Award
Finalist; King County Green Globe Award; Smart Communities Award for Livable
Communities.
● 2011​: Outside Magazine – Best Towns; King County Green Globe Award; Forest
Stewardship Council Project of the Year (for zHome)
● 2012​: Seattle Business Magazine ­ Green Washington Award
● 2013​: WSRA ­ Innovative Recycler of the Year; ASHRAE Technology Award (for
Fire Station 72); Built Green Hammer Award (for Issaquah Highlands Family
Village); ICMA Local Government Excellence Award (for zHome)
● 2014​ Sunset Magazine ­ Best Burb
Witnessing daily life in Issaquah, appreciating the natural resource endowments,
investigating the impact of its municipal services, and seeing public engagement occur
on numerous fronts; it is clear why people love to live in Issaquah and why it receives
national attention. Combined with the effort the Social Media team musters, the
efficiency which they engage their customers, and the impact the Administrator’s office
sustains; public engagement is more frequent, more comprehensive, and more
impactful than other government’s social media interactions as seen from Appendix B to
I. The “tried and true” methods of public engagement, like newsletters and press
releases, do not reach some communities and government must meet this challenge by
exploring new options.
The Full Web of Players
With a 2010 population of 30,434 and an estimated population of 34,056 in 2014, the
number of communities and more public employees providing more services has grown
in the last six years in Issaquah . Appendix A shows the different stakeholder groups,
individuals, and organizations operating within and outside of Issaquah.
The administrative side of Issaquah’s local government is the prime content
provider for the Social Media team. Autumn and Bob note that their posts on police &
public safety and parks & recreation provide the most impactful content, drawing the
most community input. Other opportunities exist for the Social Media team to leverage,
like the Cougar Mountain Zoo. It is no secret that cute animals correspond to significant
viral clickthroughs and interaction. The ​Boise Zoo​, 1,400 followers, and the ​Minnesota
Zoo​, 24,900 followers, are great examples for how social media can reach customers,
increase public awareness through engagement, drive consumption of services, and
increases revenues. The ​Bronx Zoo Cobra​, 165,000 followers, is a good example of
how an individual animal can drive social media traction and garner engagement.
Elected officials interaction with the Social Media team is an avenue for advising
and organizing as these individuals should provide their own content. Because the team
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4. feels elected officials should represent themselves and be transparent, the opportunities
to engage the public has not been fully leveraged. Seattle Mayor Ed Murray’s social
media interaction (Appendix J) show the positive impacts an elected official can have
when social media is used to proactively promote policies and engage the community.
He reaches a total estimated 21,034 interested and engaged citizens. Issaquah’s
mayor, Fred Butler, could achieve a relative following and help promote public
meetings, facilitate discourse on policy, engage other mayors and thought leaders, and
even host a tweet­chat by leading conversations on relevant issues with community
members over twitter. Council members can also engage the public on social media,
like Seattle City Council President Tim Burgess (Appendix K) who reaches about 8,500
total users through Facebook and Twitter. Issaquah’s Council President, Stacy
Goodman, could emulate Burgess’ social media interactions by posting about council
meetings and items relevant to her community.
The two primary audiences Issaquah’s Social Media team is attempting to reach
are current residents and businesses within Issaquah. Most content pushed out by the
Social Media team is directed towards residents, but also appeals to neighbors,
potential tourists, and distant fans of Issaquah by answering questions of citizens and
alerting them to important or interesting content. The team prides itself on responding to
100 percent of the community’s queries within five minutes, an unprecedented level of
engagement not present in Washington. Attracting and supporting local businesses in
Issaquah is also part of the team’s mission. By engaging businesses on social media,
the team can attract adjacent supporters and similar businesses’ attention. The
economic development team has an opportunity to leverage the Social Media team’s
success by focusing on attracting businesses through posts on LinkedIn espousing
Issaquah’s economy and their resident’s interests. Additionally, the team can leverage
businesses on various channels within Issaquah, like Costco and Microsoft, to attract
potential businesses and residents.
Major Policy Issues & Advantages
The benefits of engaging the public on social media are numerous: engagement is more
transparent, quicker, and simpler; participation is enhanced by creating dialogues; and
interactions are quantifiable through online metrics. However, many policy challenges
exist amid the new mediums. Policy adherence, privacy and data collection, confines of
internet engagement, and open antagonism; create trepidation for city managers and
administrators looking to adopt social media. This hesitation, while well founded given
the various pitfalls, needs to be reasoned by evaluating the net benefits while also being
directed with thoughtful municipal social media policies.
Policy Disadvantages of Social Engagement
● Policy Adherence​: Social media sites like Facebook and Twitter have clear rules
about what is allowed by elected officials and government bodies. Unlike public
meetings where elected officials set the rules, online interactions are dictated by
a different, private authority. What’s more, these policies are constantly in flux as
new issues cause the developer to amend their user policies. As these policies
change, the Social Media team, city manager or administrator, and legal counsel
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5. need to be in­line. Small municipalities might struggle with keeping up with these
changing policies amid administrative constraints, like under­resourced teams
causing a lack of awareness. As a result, the city could get into legal hot water
for violating these policies.
● Privacy​: Social media’s various mediums allow for anonymity as much as they
can help identify individuals because they allow for rich content supported by
videos and photos. For instance, Appendix L shows a post by the Social Media
team attempting to show the goodwill created by one of Issaquah’s police
officers, Dan Chaney. Unfortunately, by publicizing the event, some residents felt
the government shouldn’t be “spinning” this instance and unintentionally created
public cynicism, which hurt public trust. Despite the good will the team was
attempting to create, their judgement was not in concert with the entire
community. This an unavoidable aspect of social media where even the most
innocuous of interactions can be viewed in a negative light.
● Exposure​: Not all people are on social media, like older folks, so there is
significant population not being reached. Additionally, not everyone has access
to the internet, like low­income people. Even if individuals have access to the
internet, things like language or cultural differences create constraints for the
Social Media team. For instance, non­english speakers will not be able to
understand posts and those learning the language might not understand cultural
subtext. Lastly, there may be Issaquah residents that interact on social media
who are not concerned with government, which creates a population the team is
unable to reach.
● Antagonism​: Social media can become a hotbed for public conflict. WIth such a
complex web of stakeholders, moderating and controlling the conversation can
be difficult. Particularly divisive issues or policies can turn any number of admins,
elected officials, or publics against one another in an open forum. This can create
legal problems if a certain number of elected officials joins the fray as it can
constitute a public meeting. Antagonism can create long and deep political
divides that ultimately undermine the government’s duty in providing effective
and efficient services.
Policy Advantages of Social Engagement
● Participatory​: Prior to the dawn of social media, government interactions with the
public were confined to news releases, newsletters, and public meetings. Public
fora were the only way to gauge public feedback. These are a one direction
communication tool and reach a generally older demographic. Social media
allows the community to comment in an open way that also allows others and the
government to comment. Instead of a one way “magic bullet” press release,
social media creates a feedback loop and a living dialogue supported by
numerous channels.
● Quantifiable​: Services like Tweetreach allow individuals and organizations the
ability to determine the overall reach of a particular tweet, including how many
share it with their followers through retweets and likes. Additionally, using a Bitly
hyperlink to shorten a URL address has the added ability to show the number of
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6. clicks as well as some demographic information of the user by simpling adding a
“+” to the end of any Bitly URL. For instance, the link​ ​bit.ly/1pmskxV​ directs one
to an Issaquah event page, while the link ​bitly.com/1pmskxV+​ shows
demographic information. These metrics can help the Social Media team
determine best practices for increasing engagement and can help hone
strategies.
● Transparent​: One of the drivers of the cynical citizen is the openness of
government or the lack thereof. By showing the daily operations of Issaquah’s
government and urging community participation, the team cultivates public trust.
Traditional community engagement relies heavily on news outlets for community
alerts, while social media cuts out that middle man and allows the team to reach
individuals, organizations, and communities. Additionally, Issaquah’s dedication
to responsiveness helps support transparency by showing residents their local
government is actively listening and is willing to help as soon as possible.
● Efficient​: One of the biggest benefits of social media is its cost efficiency. Despite
being under resourced by a staff position, the Social Media team is still head and
shoulders above their Puget Sound neighbors in terms of generating community
participation and engagement as seen in Appendix B to I. The team is dynamic,
capable of marketing, advertising, event promotion, strategic planning, curating
Issaquah’s natural resource endowments, intergovernmental collaboration,
community engagement, broadcast services, and social media consulting. With a
staff ratio 10,000+ to three, with a little help, the department has a comparably
low overhead. While the team spends $2­3k annually on sponsored posts and
ads, the value it generates for the government in term of public trust and
participation are much higher.
Legal Implications
The class lecture by Marilynne Beard, Assistant City Manager of Kirkland and past
WCMA President, underscored the major challenges with adopting social media: legal
implications. By engaging the community more, risks of antagonism, violations of
privacy, and things going viral for the wrong reasons are higher. These issues can lead
to legal problems for elected officials or administrators. A 2014 twitter campaign by the
NYPD exemplifies how even the best intentions can result in negative consequences
and legal implications. The ​NYPD asked followers to tweet pictures of friendly cops, but
people ended up inundating the campaign with pictures of police brutality. The site
Storify creates a narrative by curating related tweets, and their service did the same for
the NYPD’s campaign to their chagrin, ​here​. Fortunately, the state of Washington and
the Governor’s office created a guide, ​located here​, for cities detailing social media best
practices in 2010. While this guide needs to be updated regularly in order to be relevant,
it is a good starting place for municipalities interested in increasing public engagement
through social media.
Rewards & Benefits
● Effectiveness​: A tweet can only be 140 characters, but it can involve video, text,
and a hyperlink in one swoop. A Facebook post directed at specific communities,
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7. like the Issaquah Highlands, can initiate a conversation not feasible in a public
forum. Other channels help sync and leverage other channels compounding their
reach, like photos on Instagram or Flikr and videos on Vine or YouTube. Some
topics necessitate significant deliberation and interaction, like Seattle mayor Ed
Murray’s Housing Affordability and Livability Agenda. A single meeting can not
encapsulate all stakeholder voices, so a virtual meeting place like Facebook is
far more effective than simply holding a series of meetings.
● Efficiency​: The effort used to generate a press release can be distilled easily and
cultivate greater public engagement by creating posts from it. The Social Media
team is capable of reaching more stakeholders with the same content through
simple posts. A Social Media team can also help departments and elected
officials schedule and plan their interactions to make development of
communications more efficient. Having a single channel for the public to interact
with also helps regulate the dispersion of information in an efficient way. A tweet
travels much faster than a press release, so emergency services are capable of
alerting residents at the scene with photos or video.
● Collaboration​: While many see social media as a cacophonous sounding board,
a commitment to networking online conversations encourages collaboration
between stakeholders. By working with local businesses and organizations
already on social media, a local government can unearth new supporters. A more
networked and knit community should also help uncover hidden community
concerns and needs not realized through traditional public engagement.
● Participation​: By working with the community virtually and increasing the amount
of awareness of municipal activities, a local government should increase the
amount of participation. The more people participate in government, the more
trust is built so long as the citizens do not become cynical. For this reason it is
important that local governments deliver a high level service quality before using
social media to engage their citizens. Shining a light on service failures will
reduce the amount of public trust as seen in the NYPD case.
Alternative Options
Public engagement can be facilitated through a number of tried and true methods: news
releases, tv interviews, radio alerts, flyers, newsletters, and email. Working through the
media reaches a specific demographic that tends to be older and wealthy. These
individuals still subscribe to the newspaper, a key generational difference, while
younger folks consume news based on their interests. Instead of getting a survey of all
the news their outlet thinks is important in a paper, they seek out specific topics, writers,
and outlets online. While most young people also have a tv or access to a radio, they
are not the demographic watching the nightly news or listening to news radio. Flyers,
newsletters, and email blasts are also one way communications that do not encourage
dialogue. As a result of these tactics, local governments falls short at reaching
Millennials and Generation Xers. The divide between these generations and their
parents will grow in respects to participation in local government if engagement is done
as usual. While undertaking social media as another community engagement tool has
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8. its risks, ignoring two generations will have long­lasting negative impacts, like increased
cynicism and less public participation.
Outcomes & Impact
Because Issaquah was an early adopter of engaging on social media and they made a
commitment to sustaining engagement, they are better positioned to interact than any
other municipality in the state. As a result, residents have greater trust in their
government and are more apt to participate. Additionally, Issaquah was able to reach
and promote their local businesses thus creating an incentive for other businesses to
set up shop in Issaquah. Service like Pinterest and LinkedIn are helping the city grow its
business community and recruit new employees to the city government.
● Facebook​: Appendix B shows that Issaquah reaches far more interested citizens
than any other city in the region. Despite a fraction of the population of larger
cities like Seattle and Tacoma, Issaquah’s regular interactions result in greater
participation and a seemingly greater amount of trust with likes per population as
a measure. Appendix M shows other opportunities the team could leverage.
● Twitter​: Appendix C shows Issaquah engages their followers much more than
any other city and thus has more likes despite a smaller following than larger
cities. This is also a good measure of trust and participation, because it shows
the level of positive interactions compared to similar organizations. Appendix N
shows other opportunities.
● Instagram​: Appendix D shows their success at generating followers by syncing
their photos across other platforms, like Facebook and Twitter. Other small cities
like Renton and New Castle have garnered similar success by syncing their
content and have a similar amount of likes per resident. By combining channels,
Issaquah is able to provide richer content that is more shareable, which engages
more people and leads to greater trust. Appendix O shows other opportunities.
● LinkedIn​: Appendix E shows how local governments have embraced LinkedIn to
recruit and fill staffing needs. Issaquah is in the middle of the pack compared to
other cities. Yet, their relatively low 2.1 followers per employee suggests that
more employees need to have thicker networks, like Tacoma where each
employee has about 4.2 followers. Participating in networking events or attending
conferences are good ways for a city to thicken their employees’ networks.
Appendix P shows other opportunities.
● YouTube​: Appendix H shows something similar to the LinkedIn metrics that cities
have embraced YouTube as an alternative to and supporter of broadcast news.
Cities around the Sound use YouTube to air public meetings and house them for
public viewing. Unlike broadcast news, YouTube tracks views and shares,
making it much more quantifiable. Appendix Q shows other opportunities.
● Pinterest​: Appendix G shows Issaquah is alone amongst their peers. Issaquah’s
natural beauty makes it a great wedding location, which the Social Media team
leverages. Brides and wedding planners interact with Issaquah on Pinterest with
photos, helping curate and share the city’s picturesque wedding venues.
Appendix S shows other opportunities.
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9. ● Vine​: Appendix F, like the Pinterest metrics, show Issaquah is almost alone in
participating on this social media site. Vine allows users to share short videos on
other social media channels, so Issaquah can tailor their content in reaching
certain communities. Appendix T shows other opportunities.
● Google​+: Appendix I shows that this service lacks widespread adoption despite it
being a service provided by Google. Bob indicated in an interview that the city
uses Google+ to share content, but also uses it as a way to increase Search
Engine Optimization (SEO). Having a higher SEO means Issaquah will be higher
positioned in searches on Google, thus reaching folks that may not even use
social media. Appendix R shows other opportunities.
Conclusion & Lessons Learned
The drawbacks and legal implications of governments operating on social media are
real, numerous, and evoke fear in City Managers and Administrators. This trepidation
and hesitation is a generational phenomenon. When speaking to friends and
classmates under 35 about the tradeoffs of social media and government, they are the
first to see the potential hazards. However, they also realize their generation needs to
be more involved in government or risk ineffective and/or inefficient government. Yet,
the decision to engage on social media is being made by an older generation, so
adoption of social media is slower.
Issaquah is a beacon for other cities to follow. Despite the disadvantages and
pitfalls of social media, the team has operated for years without major incident. Their
social media engagement strategies and tactics have increased public trust and
participation in local government. The most valued stock of a government, public trust,
takes time and effort to cultivate. Traditional engagement does very little to inspire this
trust, like announcing a meeting or a policy intervention. Social media helps curate the
natural beauty of a city, shows the human side of public service, networks government
interactions, and allows citizens to voice their opinions through dialogue. By realizing
the shift in the distribution and consumption of news and information early; being the
planner and conduit for social media communications for administrative and elected;
and taking a thoughtful and committed approach to customer service; Issaquah has
successfully leveraged the power of social networking in inspiring public trust.
Under the management of Autumn and Bob the Social Media team can continue
to build trust through their regular interactions on social media. An increase in budget
should enable them and the city of Issaquah, elected and administrative, to further this
interaction and cultivation of trust. An additional staff member would require a budget
allocation, but would assuredly help the Social Media team implement some of the
opportunities listed from Appendix M to T. At their current staff level, the team can
sustain the status quo: responding to communications in five minutes or less,
generating dozens of posts a week, and guiding Issaquah’s social media strategy.
Issaquah’s demographics are not much different than that of its neighbors, so the
results listed in Appendix B to I must be the result of the team’s current tactics and
strategy. Supporting their effort by an increase in staffing should only help but to
enhance their current efficiency and effectiveness at implementing public engagement
and fostering public trust.
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10.
Appendix
A. Complete logic model of social media in Issaquah
B​. Facebook comparison metrics
City of... Verified Likes 5 Stars Visits 2010 pop % Liked
Issaquah Yes 4,815 NA NA 30,434 15.8
Seattle No 756 2.6 56 608,660 0.1
Bellevue No 2,980 4 1,780 122,263 2.4
Tacoma No 6,069 NA NA 198,397 3.1
Renton No 6,981 NA NA 90,927 7.7
Mercer Island No 730 NA NA 22,699 3.2
Kent No 3,271 4.3 322 92,411 3.5
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11. Redmond No 2,354 5 2,884 54,144 4.3
Woodinville NA NA NA NA 10,938 NA
New Castle No 665 5 555 10,380 6.4
Kirkland No 372 NA 19 48,787 0.8
Portland No 1,262 4.6 1,205 583,776 0.2
C​. Twitter comparison metrics
City of... Verified Follower Follows # tweet Likes 2010 pop % reached Tweets/Week
Issaquah Yes 4,424 948 8,603 3,192 30,434 14.5 25.3
Seattle No 65,300 1,520 3,253 145 60,8660 10.7 8.7
Bellevue No 6,276 16 2,296 51 122,263 5.1 6.1
Tacoma Yes 21,600 620 3,545 213 198,397 10.8 9.2
Renton No 3,759 329 9,830 139 90,927 4.1 28.9
Mercer Island No 872 3 77 0 22,699 3.8 0.2
Kent No 2,972 727 2,417 4 92,411 3.2 7.1
Redmond No 3,595 77 4,200 20 54,144 6.6 12.3
Woodinville No 400 6 30 0 10,938 3.7 0.1
New Castle No 547 5 357 0 10,380 5.3 1.1
Kirkland No 1,925 149 2,191 184 48,787 3.9 6.4
Portland No 9,506 4,161 54,300 9 58,3776 1.6 159.7
D​. Instagram comparison metrics
City of... Followers Following Posts 2010 pop % Liked
Issaquah 2,194 365 1,474 30,434 7.2
Seattle 756 2.6 56 608,660 0.1
Bellevue 2,980 4 1,780 122,263 2.4
Tacoma 6,069 NA NA 198,397 3.1
Renton 6,981 NA NA 90,927 7.7
Mercer Island 730 NA NA 22,699 3.2
Kent 3,271 4.3 322 92,411 3.5
Redmond 2,354 5 2,884 54,144 4.3
Woodinville NA NA NA 10,938 NA
New Castle 665 5 555 10,380 6.4
Kirkland 372 NA 19 48,787 0.8
Portland 1,262 4.6 1,205 583,776 0.2
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12.
E​. LinkedIn comparison metrics
City of... # on LinkedIn Follows # of Emp. 2010 pop % Emp. Follow/Emp.
Issaquah 152 321 201 ­ 500 30,434 43.4 2.1
Seattle 5,790 18,309 10,001+ 608,660 57.9 3.2
Bellevue 901 2,068 1,001 ­ 5,000 122,263 30 2.3
Tacoma 869 3,654 1,001 ­ 5,000 198,397 29 4.2
Renton 311 751 501 ­ 1,000 90,927 41.5 2.4
Mercer Island 126 383 51 ­ 200 22,699 63 3
Kent 379 757 501 ­ 1,000 92,411 50.5 2
Redmond 383 1,235 501 ­ 1,000 54,144 51.1 3.2
Woodinville NA NA NA NA NA NA
New Castle NA NA NA NA NA NA
Kirkland 328 668 501 ­ 1,000 48,787 43.7 2
Portland 2,109 7,679 5,001 ­ 10,000 583,776 28.12 3.6
F​. Vine comparison metrics
City of... Followers Following Posts Loops Likes
Issaquah 123 23 79 147,212 54
Seattle NA NA NA NA NA
Bellevue NA NA NA NA NA
Tacoma NA NA NA NA NA
Renton NA NA NA NA NA
Mercer Island NA NA NA NA NA
Kent NA NA NA NA NA
Redmond NA NA NA NA NA
Woodinville NA NA NA NA NA
New Castle NA NA NA NA NA
Kirkland NA NA NA NA NA
Portland NA NA NA NA NA
G​. Pinterest comparison metrics
City of... Boards Pins Likes Followers Following
Issaquah 9 234 31 181 62
Seattle NA NA NA NA NA
Bellevue NA NA NA NA NA
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13. Tacoma NA NA NA NA NA
Renton NA NA NA NA NA
Mercer Island NA NA NA NA NA
Kent NA NA NA NA NA
Redmond NA NA NA NA NA
Woodinville NA NA NA NA NA
New Castle NA NA NA NA NA
Kirkland NA NA NA NA NA
Portland NA NA NA NA NA
H​. YouTube comparison metrics
City of... Subscribers Views
Issaquah 329 311,155
Bellevue 254 133,158
Tacoma 295 95,352
Renton 45 23,369
Mercer Island 31 NA
Kirkland 179 48,598
Portland NA NA
Seattle NA NA
Kent NA NA
Redmond NA NA
Woodinville NA NA
New Castle NA NA
I​. Google+ comparison metrics
City of... Followers Circles Views
Issaquah 91 48 112,366
Seattle NA NA NA
Bellevue NA NA NA
Tacoma NA NA NA
Renton NA NA NA
Mercer Island 5 0 15,797
Kent NA NA NA
Redmond NA NA NA
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14. Woodinville NA NA NA
New Castle NA NA NA
Kirkland 5 0 13,738
Portland NA NA NA
J​. Seattle Mayor Ed Murray’s social media impact
Channels Likes/Follows Following Posts Likes Population % Reached
Facebook 720 608,660 0.72%
Twitter 15,800 907 3,499 1,079 608,660 2.6%
Instagram 854 70 169 608,660 0.14%
Flikr 22 6 608,660 0.003%
K​. Seattle City Council President Tim Burgess’ social media impact
Channels Likes/Follows Following Posts Likes Population % Reached
Facebook 4,358 608,660 0.7%
Twitter 4,228 202 1048 17 608,660 0.7%
L​. Privacy issue Facebook post
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15. M​. Facebook options N​. Twitter options
O​. Instagram options P​. LinkedIn options
Q​. YouTube options R​. Google+ options
S​. Pinterest options T​. Vine options
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