1) The document discusses optimizing internal linking on websites. It presents the TipR method which calculates internal PageRank and CheiRank metrics, factors in external backlinks, and uses log file data to understand how internal and external links impact pages over time. 2) Centralized and decentralized internal linking structures are compared. The TipR method involves crawling the site, calculating metrics, adding external backlink data, and optimizing the internal link structure based on the results. 3) Log file data like crawl rates can correlate with PageRank and be used to monitor changes over time as internal and external links are optimized.