This document discusses the field of anthropology and its branches. It begins by defining anthropology as the study of humans, their origins, and cultural variations throughout history. The document then outlines the major branches of anthropology, including socio-cultural anthropology, physical/biological anthropology, archaeological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and applied anthropology. For each branch, it provides a brief description of the areas of focus and goals of study.

1. PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO: Mr. KETAN PATIL
SUBMITTED BY : Ms. AYUSHI BERAGI

2. ANTHROPOLOGY
The term ANTHROPOLOGY derived from two greek
words Anthropos and Logos.
Anthropos means Man, and Logos means Science.
Therefore,Anthropology is known as the science of
human.
It studies the different aspects of the life of human from
his date of origin upto the present date.Such as its
physical features differences in cultural variations social
and political affairs, etc.

3. BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Different branches of anthropology focus on different
aspect of human experience.
One branches focuses on how our species evolved from
earlier species. Other branches concentrate on the learned
traditions of human thoughts and behaviour, how ancient
cultures evolved and diversified, and how and why modern
cultures change or stay the same. In its attempt to study the
various dimensions of man`s existence and behaviour, it
tends to generate many specialized branches.

4. BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
The major elementary branches are mentioned as under;
1. Socio-cultural Anthropology
2. Physical (biological) Anthropology
3. Archaeological Anthropology
4. Linguistic Anthropology
5. Applied Anthropology

5. Socio-Cultural Anthropology
 Second half of the 19th century was the beginning period of the socio-
cultural Anthropology. It is being inspired by the idea of evolution after
the Darwin`s publication of the “Origin of Species”.
 Many socio-cultural Anthropologists become interested in exploring the
possibility of a similar process of evolution in the field of society and
culture. They focused in the study of preliterate societies in the belief that
they represented the earliest condition of human society and culture with
the intension of studying the origin and evolution of human.
It deals with man in the context of society and culture .while society`s
presence is arrested at sub-human level, culture is exclusively a human
phenomenon. Broadly speaking, it concentrate on life pattern of people.

6. Physical (biological)Anthropology
 It is a branch of Anthropology which attempts to explore human mystery related to their origin,
differentiation, diversities and distributions. With the advancement of genetical sciences, it becomes
more and more biology oriented.
 In addition to measurements, observation and necessary analysis of human bones and different
body parts, the modern Physical Anthropology has entered into the categorial study of various
physiological perspective through biochemical and genetical view point because of these
integrated biology oriented approach of the present day Physical Anthropology is thought
desirable to call it Biological Anthropology.
 It promises to study human evolution and differentiation in the background of biological variation
in primates. While studying the nature extent of fossil man and living man attempts are made to
explain about the various processes and products of evolution such as anatomy , serology and
behaviour in respect of natural selection in association with genetics , environment effects and
cultural adaptation. It plays pledge to reconstruct the past events of human being and to analysis
and project current trends.

7. Archaeological Anthropology
 This branch of knowledge attempts to trace the Origin, Growth and development of culture in the
past. By past means the period before history when man had not acquired the capabilities of
language, not merely to speak but also to write in order to record the story of his life.
 Archaeology can tell us about the technology of peoples by analysing the tools they have left
behind. Based on this, it can shed light on economic activities of the people who utilized that
technology. The artistic capabilities of people become apparent through the remains of fine
engravings on pottery, intricate designs on jewellery, etc.
 Physical remains of housing can reveal certain of social structure.
 Besides, certain aspects of religions beliefs can also be guessed by observing burial sites and the
articles kept in graves.
 Archaeological Anthropologists study begin with an attempt to understand the geographical
processes .particularly , the Great Ice Age, and the successior of the climatic phases that have left
behind stratigraphic evidences in river terraces and moraines .

8. Linguistic Anthropology
 Linguistic Anthropology is that branch of Anthropology which deals with
language. It is concerned with the languages of all the people, past and
present as it is the chief vehicle through which man preserves and
transmits his culture from generation to generation. It also interested in
the relationship between language and cultural cognition as well as
behaviour. Linguistic Anthropologists study unwritten language as also
written languages.
 It includes those features which are related to the system of knowledge,
belief, assumptions and conventions that produce particular ideas at
particular times in the mind of people. Each of these features are culturally
conditioned and hence unique to each culture and society.
 It tries to understand the roles of language in human life and the part it
has played in the amelioration of humanity.

9. Applied Anthropology
 The ultimate aim of the study of man is not only merely acquiring knowledge
regarding man, society and culture, but in applying the knowledge so gained in
solving the practical problems faced by mankind all over the world.
 The Applied Anthropologist has a role in all the three events –Before, After ,and
During –of a welfare programme.
 In brief, Applied Anthropology has mostly deals with planned change and
development in third world countries. The two major areas in which Applied
Anthropologists have contributed substantially are improvements in technology
and health.
 They also help government and other welfare agencies in formulating policies and
plans for improvement in several areas.
 The principle is to apply the results of scientific investigation in the service of
mankind.

10. Reference:
1.Essentials of physical Anthropology ,discovering our
origin (Clark Spender Larsen).
2.Haviland. A. William (9th edition ) Cultural
Anthropology.
3.Evolution of Man (2nd edition).
4.Research paper (content.inflibnet.ac.in).

11. THANK YOU