Polilital Science Paliamentary

1. Report by: Kenneth M. NuallaReport by: Kenneth M. Nualla

2. Principles of Political
Science Aruego and
Aruego-Torres

3.  Parliamentary Government defined
 Origin and growth of parliamentary
 General features of parliamentary
 The English Parliamentary Government
 Advantages and disadvantages of a
parliamentary system of government
 Condition for the Establishment of
Parliamentary government

4.  Parliamentary government defined-
 “ministerial,” “responsible,” and “cabinet”
 it is system in which the real executive- the
cabinet or ministry- is immediately and legally
responsible to the legislature or one branch of it
for its legislative and administrative acts.
 It is a mediate or politically responsible to the
electorate

5.  Parliamentary government is a product more of evolution than of
invention.
 It had its origin in the long contest for supremacy between the
king of England and the representative of the upper classes of the
people.
 The parliamentary government of England is, thus, indigenous to
English soil, a product of years of constant struggle on the part of
the people through their representatives of the control of
government
 From England, the parliamentary or cabinet idea spread to
Continental Europe then to the Western and then to the Far East
 Parliamentary Government exists today also in Australia;
Canada; France; Italy; and Japan.

6.  The features of parliamentary government and its workings in the
countries where it has been adopted have not been the same.
 The Parliamentary government of the world present general
characteristics.
 First, Is a union of the executive and the legislative departments, with the
ministry directing the performance of executive and legislative functions.
 Second, the member of the ministry hold office because they have the
support of the majority of legislature.
 Third, the member belongs to the legislature, they are responsible to the
legislature for their policies and are dependent upon it for their tenure of
office. Remain in office as long as they have its confidence
 Fourth, the chief executive is only a nominal head, exercising his powers
through the members of the ministry who countersign all his acts

7.  Features of the parliamentary government of England:
 1. The legislative branch of the government
▪ House or Lords (upper chamber).
▪ House of Commons (lower chamber).
 2. The executive branch of the government
▪ Is composed of the king who is the nominal chief executive, holding his
office through inheritance .
▪ The ministers, some of whom are cabinet members, working under the
direction of their head, the prime minister.
 3. The ministers are political heads of administrative services
▪ Corresponding to departments in the United States and in the
Philippines.
 4. All are member at the same time of either house of parliament, either at
the time of their appointment or subsequent to it.

8.  5 . The prime minister
▪ Is appointed by the king from the victorious political party following an
election, or from opposition following withdrawal or confidence by the
House in case the government in power chooses to resign in favor of the
minority
▪ Other ministers, including the cabinet members, are appointed by the king
upon the recommendation of the prime minister.
 6. All of the ministers belong to the majority party, except in rare cases when
there is no party that controls the majority, when they are the recruited from
the parties forming coalition (union) government.
 7. The ministers who are executive heads at the same time legislative leaders,
directing the course of legislation, participating in the discussion, and joining in
the vote
 8. They remain in power for five years unless before the expiration of that time
they lose confidence of the house of Commons.

9.  Advantages
 Unity between the executive branch and
legislative branch of the government
 Render possible a coordinated program of
legislation and administration.
 It brings a unity of authority that is means
necessarily a unity responsibility.
 The people are enabled to fix
responsibility for all acts of
misgovernment.
 The different head department of
government, they acquire a wealth of
information that is very serviceable to
intelligent legislation.
 Disadvantages
 There is no bi-party system; that
is, where there is no single party
that controls the majority of the
chamber to which is made
responsible.
 No ministry can remain long
enough to develop a continuity
policy, foreign or domestic.
 The system strengthens the
position of the central
government at the expense of
the local government
 It is suspected that the fusion of
legislative and executive powers
furnishes a fertile ground for the
growth of despotism

10. ▪ The existence of bi-party system
▪ Political tradition of the people to look upon the
legislature for supremacy in governmental
matters
▪ A reasonably high degree of political education
of the body politic.