1.
Race and
Ethnicity

2.
Race
 A socially constructed category of people who
share biologically transmitted traits that a society
defines as important.

3.
Ethnicity
 A shared cultural heritage, which typically
involves common ancestors, language and religion.
 nationality
 tribe
 religious faith
 shared language
 shared culture
 shared traditions

4.
Minorities
 Any category of people, identified to be physical
or cultural traits that a society subjects to
disadvantages.  Can either be racial or ethnic 
Lesser number of population in a certain place

5.
Racism to Filipino Muslims
 5% or 4.93 million of the Population of the
Philippines are Muslims.
 60% of the Muslim population said they are being
discriminated by other Filipinos according to their
appearance and religious affair.
 20% said they were bullied in class. 
 30% said they weren’t accepted to jobs because of
their religious belief

6.
Racism to Ethnic Groups
 60% of Ethnic Tribe Graduates are not accepted to
job because of their ethnicity. Most of the
graduates are teachers .They go back to their local
province to teach
 80% of minorities are deprived of proper
education, job, health and shelter.
 60% are out of school youth
 3% Finish College

7.
THE LEAST RACIALLY
TOLERANT COUNTRIES
 40% + (of individuals surveyed would not want a
person of another race as a neighbor) India,
Jordan
 30 - 39.9% Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Vietnam,
Indonesia, South Korea
 20 - 39.9% France, Turkey, Bulgaria, Algeria,
Morocco, Mali, Zambia, Thailand, Malaysia,
The Philippines, Bangladesh, Hong Kong

8.
THE MOST TOLERANT
COUNTRIES
 0 to 4.9% United States, Canada, Brazil,
Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Britain,
Sweden, Norway, Latvia, Australia, New
Zealand
 5 - 9.9% Chile, Peru, Mexico, Spain, Germany,
Belgium, Belarus, Croatia, Japan, Pakistan,
South Africa
 10 - 14.9% Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Italy,
Greece, Czech Republic, Slovakia
 15 - 19.9% Venezuela, Hungary, Serbia,
Romania, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Uganda,
Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Russia, China

9.
Theoretical Analysis: Understanding
Racial and Ethnic Inequality
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL APPROACH
 Explains ethnic and racial inequality in
terms of cultural values.
 The “Culture of poverty” theory
developed by Oscar Lewis claims that
minorities develop a fatalistic cultural
outlook that leads to a sense of
hopelessness and low self esteem.

10.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION APPROACH
 Highlights how race often operates as a
master status in everyday interaction.
 W.E.B. Dubois claimed that US society
makes whites standards by which others
should be measure, and in so doing,
devalues any person of color.

11.
SOCIAL CONFLICT APPROACH
 Highlights how racial and ethnic inequality
is built into the structure of society.
 Marxist theory argues that elites
encourage racial and ethnic divisions as
a strategy to weaken the working class.