A great presentation on the basics of running assessment and analysis for sports and massage therapists. The course ran on the 9th July 2016 at our St John Street Clinic in Manchester.

1. @Physiocouk #manchesterphysio facebook.com/physio

2. 07/12/16 2
Welcome
Running Assessment and Analysis Course
With Oliver Simpson BSc (Hons), Msc, Dipl (ortho),
MCSP, HCPC
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

3. 3
Who are we?
Oli’s Twitter: @physiocouk
Katie’s LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/katieemmett
Twitter: @KatiePhysiocouk
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

4. 4
Let’s connect
Website: www.physio.co.uk
Twitter: @physiocouk
Facebook: www.facebook.com/physiocouk
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

5. Itinerary
8.45-9.00: Arrival & Coffee
9.00-10.00: Running Biomechanics : the basics
•What is the best running style?
•Should we make everyone run like Mo?
•Who is the best positioned to analyse running
•To toe or to heel land- that is the question?
•What to look for?
•Stride Width
•Stride Length
•Simple cues
•Analysing the analysis
10.00-10.15: Break
10.15-11.00: Practical : Let’s run!!
11.00-11.15: Coffee…
11.15-12.00: Analysis using Kinovea/Technique
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

6. Running
Biomechanics:
The Basics
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

7. Objectives
• What is the best running style?
• What is the best profession to assess running biomechanics?
• To toe or to heel land that is the question???
• Is your running “Chi” in the right orbit?
• Stride width - Who’s a better runner? John Wayne or Kate Moss?
• Stride length – Buzz Lightyear vs Fred Flintstone
• The UK athletics way
• The simple cues
• Analysing the analysis
• PRACTICAL
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

8. What is the best running
style?
• Is there one?
• What about Mo?
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

9. What about
Phoebe?.....
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

10. Should we make everyone run
like Mo?
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk
• No
– Running is self optimised (Moore et al. 2012)
– What is the ‘ideal’?
– New science and poorly funded so no good high
level research
– Heterogeneity of running populations

11. Should we make everyone run
like Mo?
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk
• Yes
–Running is movement > movements are skills > skills can be
improved
–80% of runners get injured at some point
–New evidence showing positive effect of running mechanics
with training
–Research has shown changes in mechanics can reduce loading
on PFJ
• New science – we don’t have all the answers. YET!

12. Who is the best positioned to analyse
running?
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk
Running shops?
• Anyone used them? Who was told they
“overpronate”?
• Bias?
Performance vs injury
• Is there a difference?

13. Who is the best positioned to analyse
running?
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk
• Podiatrist vs physiotherapist
•Bottom up vs top down
• The coach?

14. To toe or to heel
land…
That is the question
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

15. Heel
• Increased GRF – who remember Newton’s 3rd
Law from High
school?
• Loading through hip and knee
• Linked to PFPS due to abnormal loading patterns
• Modern running shoes allow it
• 89% of the population do it (Larson 2011)
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

16. Toe
• Greater talocrural and PF loading – tendinopathy,
stress #’s
• Less likely to suffer shin splints
• Reduced knee and hip loading
• 2% of the population do it
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

17. Mid-foot
• Awaiting new research currently being conducted but good
initial results
• Closer to COG
• Fits with ideal running cues
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

18. Does it matter?
• Speed?
• Level of runner?
• Footwear?
• Centre of gravity
• DO NOT completely change the pattern
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

19. Is your running “Chi”
in the right orbit?
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

20. • Standard gait cycle (walking)
• Land to stance
– Lateral heel lands with foot slightly supinated > subtalar joint
pronates dueing first 20% of stance (shock absorbtion) >DF
with hip and knee flex.
• Heel to toe
– Supination during heel off > MTP ext with supination =
Windlass.
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

21. What to look for?
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

22. Spongy Runners
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk
Vs

23. Pronation
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk
How important is it?

24. Contact Point
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

25. Foot posture at toe off
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk
The Windlass Mechanism

26. Is your running “Chi” in the right
orbit?...
Problems:
• Do you heel strike when running faster?
• Toe-out stops Windlass
• Toe runners????
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

27. Stride Width…
Who’s a better runner? John Wayne or Kate
Moss
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

28. Kate Moss
• Increase hip adduction
• Increased rear foot eversion
• Valgus knee
• Increased ITB strain (Meardon et al. 2012)
• Medial tibia loading (Meardon et al. 2014)
NO evidence to show changing Kate’s stride width will reduce her
pain
• Clinical reasoning and normal movement theories
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

29. John Wayne
• Evidence showing increased metabolic rate (Arellano and Kram 2011)
• No link to pathology
Ideal stride width?
• 5 studies looking at average stride width from 0.04cm to 4cm
• That doesn’t help!
• Poorly designed studies, difficult to perform a meta-analysis of the papers
due to different methodologies and patient groups.
• General consensus is the patients fist at knee level
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

30. Stride Length…
Buzz Lightyear Vs Fred Flinstone
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

31. @Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

32. @Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

33. • Heel to Heel…
• Fred wins this race
• Reduce stride length and increase step rate (Schubert et al. 2012)
•Decreased load through hop and knee
•Reduced GRF = reduced breaking
•Foot strike closer to COG
• reduced ankle DF and increased Knee flex
•Increased G-Max and G-Med activation prior to contact (Chumanov et al.
2012)
•Reduced calf and quad muscle forces (Lenhart et al. 2014)
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

34. The UK athletics way
• Template they use to assess elite endurance runners
•Tall posture
•Relaxed shoulders
•Efficient backward arm swing
•Foot strike close to COM
•Knee slightly flexed on contact with vertical shin
•Min Lateral movement
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

35. Simple Cues…
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

36. Simple Cues
• Step rate and length – Metronome app, “run quietly”, quicker
steps, speed up arm swing
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

37. Simple Cues
• Stride width – line running, “run with an orange between your
knees”
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

38. Simple Cues
• Hip adduction - point your knee caps forwards and contract your glutes
(Noehren et al. 2011)
–Run like a train with feet and knee forwards (Will et al. 2012)
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

39. Simple Cues
• Upright posture
– run as if a balloon is pulling you upwards
– High hips
– Squeeze buttocks
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

40. Simple Cues
• Hip extension
– Push out the back
– Pull the floor underneath you
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

41. Analysing the analysis
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

42. • HD Camera with 220 fps
•Treadmill with clear background
• Software/app
• Smart camera – Technique by ubersense, coaches eye
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

43. • 5 min warm up
• Running gear!!
• Run at their speed
• Back and side views most useful
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

44. Let’s Run!!
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk

45. 45
Thanks for coming!
Don’t forget to follow us on Twitter: @physiocouk
@Physiocouk #sportsmassage facebook.com/physiocouk