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自然言語処理やってみた
概要
・Kaggleのデータセットを使用し、
 ツイート (英語) の内容が、災害に関するもの (1) か否 (0) か分類
2
Kaggleとは
組織 (企業や政府) と、データサイエンティストや機械学習エンジニアを繋げ
るプラットフォーム
・組織がCompetition形式で課題を掲載
・データサイエンティスト、機械学習エンジニアがモデルの精度を競う
・組織が最も精度の高いモデルを買い取る(賞金)
3
自然言語処理とは
自然言語 (人間が使う言葉など) を、機械で処理し内容を抽出する
・自然言語にはほとんどの場合、曖昧さがある
→「〜〜〜〜 “ 東京都 “ 〜〜〜。」この文章は、
 「〜〜〜〜 “ 東京 / 都 “ 〜〜〜。」or「〜〜〜〜 “ 東 / 京都 “ 〜〜〜。」
・上記のような曖昧な表現を、機械でも正しく解釈できるようにしたい
→ 自然言語処理
4
補足:日本語の自然言語処理の難しさ
・形態素解析が難しい
 → 単語の切れ目が分かりにくい(英語などはスペースがあるため、切りやすい)
・機械翻訳の場合、英語などと文構造が大きく異なる
・敬語などの存在
  ・
  ・
  ・
5
自然言語処理のタスク
・形態素解析:文章を単語に分割し、品詞を付与する
・構文解析:文の構造を明らかにする(係り受け解析など)
・意味解析:文章の意味を決定する
・文脈解析:複数の文章の繋がりに関する解析を行う(照応解析など)
6
データセットについて
・id:ツイートのID
・keyword:ツイートのキーワード(らしい)、欠損値あり
・location:ツイートされた位置、欠損値あり
・text:ツイート本文 (英語)
・target:正解ラベル(0 or 1)
7
学習の流れ
① データを読み込む(訓練データ、テストデータをわける など)
② データの処理(欠損値を埋める、形態素解析 など)
③ 学習モデルを作成して、訓練データで学習
④ テストデータを、③のモデルを使って予測
8
データの処理 ー 使用するモデル・関数
・ツイート本文を形態素解析する
・辞書 (単語にIDがマッピングされている)を基に、単語をIDに変換する
9
データの処理ー実際に実行する
・単語数を最大50に設定する
10
学習モデルの作成・学習
11
テストデータを学習モデルで予測
 ↓
・Kaggleでは、テストデータに正解ラベルがなく、決められた形式で予測結果を 提出す
る(Kaggle側で精度を出してくれる)
12

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