The oil analysis report is a vital tool for a smooth running operation. Going deeper than the report summaries and knowing how to analyze the oil analysis report can help prevent equipment breakdown and unnecessary equipment teardowns. During this educational webinar you will learn from analyst, Dwon Ruffin, his process for reviewing and analyzing oil analysis reports. Dwon will review some of the most common tests run on industrial equipment and teach you how to read test reports. He will also walk you through marginal and critical reports and teach you how to decipher various alarms. You will walk away with an improved knowledge of oil analysis report interpretation.
2. Normal with PC
Oil Analysis
Normal with WP
Lubricant
Condition
Contaminants
Machine
Wear
3. Viscosity
Measure of a lubricants resistance to flow at a
specific temperature.
•
Measured by Viscometer
– ASTM D-445
– Reported as Kinematic Viscosity in
Centistokes (cSt)
•
•
Industrial oils measured at 40ºC
Engine oils measured at 100ºC
4. Viscosity Limits
Report with Viscosity Issue
• Marginal Limits
– Viscosity should be within 10% (+ or -) of specified
grade to be in spec
– Example:
• ISO VG 100 oil should be between 90 and 110 cSt @ 40º
• Critical Limits
– When the viscosity falls greater than 20% (+ or -) of the
specified grade, action should be taken.
– Example:
• ISO VG 100 <80 or >120 cSt @ 40º
6. Spectroscopy
• 20 elements measured
– Wear metals
– Contaminants
– Additives
•
•
•
•
Reported in parts per million (ppm)
Measures metals in solution
Solid debris below 7 microns in size
Blind to larger particles
9. Wear Metal Limits
• Limits should be based on trends
– Sudden increases indicate problems
• Operational conditions can effect
wear metal levels
– Oil changes, break-in periods, loading
• OEM Recommendations
Report with Wear
12. Karl Fischer Water
Quantifies the amount of
water in the lubricant.
•
•
•
•
Karl Fischer Titrator
ASTM D-6304
Reported in % or ppm
Dissolved, emulsified
or free water
13. Sources of Water
• Condensation
• External contamination
– Breathers
– Seals
– Reservoir covers
• Internal leaks
– Heat exchangers
– Water jackets
Report with Water
Report with Water – V40
15. FT-IR Spectroscopy
Report with Oxidation
• Oil Degradation by chemical change
– Oxidation
– Nitration
• Contamination
– Soot
– Glycol
16. FT-IR Spectroscopy
• Additive Depletion
– When additives deplete, they are typically still present
– Atomic Spectroscopy will indicate their presence, yet
they can be chemically inert
– Decreased signal strength in the IR Spectrum will
reveal excess additive depletion
17. Acid Number
• Measurement of acidic
constituents in the oil
• Reported as AN
• ASTM D-974
• Indicator of oil serviceability
– Oil oxidation & degradation
produces acidic by-products
18. Report with AN issues
Acid Number
New Oil Example
• AN is lowest when an oil is new*, and
increases with use
• AN of a used oil is typically compared to the
original AN
• Oils with higher levels of additives will
generally have a higher AN
• Typical AN Values on new oils:
o R&O Oil - 0.03
o AW Oil - 0.4
o EP Oil - 0.6
o Engine Oil - 1.6
20. Flow Decay Method
• Also called pore blockage
• Passed through 5, 10 or 15
micron screen filter
• Flow decay is recorded
Filter
– Particle counts are extrapolated
– No interference from water or entrained air
21. Particle Count
• Particle Counts are broken down into
6 size ranges
> 4 microns
> 6 microns
> 14 microns
> 25 microns
> 50 microns
>100 microns
• Reported as particles per milliliter
22. ISO 4406 Cleanliness Code
Report with High PC - AF
>4
1945
>6
826
>14 88
>25 21
>50 2
>100 0
ISO 18/17/14
23. Wear Particle Concentration
• 10ml of sample is placed in a syringe
• Syringe is placed in the analyzer
• Analyzer measures changes in magnetic
flux to measure ferrous content
• No particle size limit