A report about Genetic Manipulation of Pest

1. Genetic
Manipulation
of Pest

2. Genetic manipulation of Pest
• Reduce the fitness of the pest directly, or
indirectly in order to decrease or eradicate the
population.

3. Sterile insect technique / release method (SIT)
/ (SIR)
1. Mass rearing of the target insect species (males)
2. Sterilizing the insects with ionizing radiation or
chemosterilants.
3. Releasing in large enough numbers to reduce the
probability of successful matings in the wild
population

5. Edward F. Knipling
• First described the SIT.
• Best-known for his work to eradicate screwworm flies in
Texas. Screwworms were eliminated in a span of only
seven weeks, saving the domestic goat herds that were a
source of meat and milk for the island people (1954)

7. • Screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax)- eradicated from the United States (1950s-90s),
Netherland (Curaçao, 1954) and Libya (1990-92)
• Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) eradicated from most of northern Mexico.
• Tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans) eradicated from Zanzibar (1970–1990s).
• Sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius) eradicated from Kume Island, Okinawa, Japan
(1994-99).

8. Sexier sterile insects
• Giving the sterile males more sex appeal.
• Prof. Boaz Yuval of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem’s
of Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and
Environment noted the process of rearing millions of male
insects, sterilizing them and transporting them to the release
site can severely affect their sexual competitiveness, so he
study the behavior and psychology of fruit flies and
mosquito.

9. • Kills natural bacteria
• Pseudomonas.
• Breakfast of champion

10. Prof. Boaz Yuval

11. What are the limitation of SIT?

12. What are the limitations of SIT?
• Geography. The eradication zone must have either natural barriers (e.g.,
oceans, deserts, mountains) or defensible borders to prevent or reduce
the immigration of the target pest from outside.

13. What are the limitations of SIT?
• Resistance . Native females may be able to
recognize and refuse to mate with sterile
males

14. What are the limitations of SIT?
• Economics. Cost of rearing, sterilizing, and
releasing a large numbers of insects can be
very high and needs to be justified (EIL).

15. What are the limitations of SIT?
• Desirability of sterile males. The lab-reared and
sterilized males must be equally or more competitive
than the native males in mating with the native
females. They may become less desirable after many
generations and need renewal.

16. What are the limitations of SIT?
• Knowledge about the pest. reproductive
behavior, population dynamics, dispersal, and
ecology of the insect.

17. What are the limitations of SIT?
• Timing. The development of the lab-reared
colony must be synchronous with that of the wild
population.

18. Inherited / delayed sterility
• An alternative genetic strategy to SIT:
– requires fewer insects
– requires lower doses of radiation
• Released insects are fertile but their progeny are sterile.
• Genetic alterations induced by low dose radiation
– Reciprocal translocations
– genetic transformation with a conditional lethal trait

19. What are the advantages of
SIT?

20. What are the advantages of SIT?
• Creates inverse density-dependent feedback, making it more
efficient as the wild population decreases.

21. What are the advantages of SIT?
• The only PM tactic whose fundamental
objective is to drive a wild population to
extinction.

22. What are the advantages of SIT?
• Specific

23. What are the advantages of SIT?
• Environmentally-friendly
– Does not contaminate natural food chain
– No threat/harm to human health has so far been reported

24. Dominant Conditional Lethal
Mutation
Release of GM insects with dominant, conditional
lethal trait

25. Thank you! 
COMMEND US!