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Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy(MRM)
1. CANAL WALL DOWN MASTOIDECTOMY
DR KANU LAL SAHA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
OTOLOGY DIVISION
DEPT. OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK
SURGERY
BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIB MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
SHAHBAG,DHAKA
2. CANAL WALL DOWN (CWD) CAN BE DEFINED AS :
REMOVAL OF POSTERIOR AND SUPERIOR BONY
WALL OF EXTERNAL EAR CANAL(EAC)
EXENTERATION OF ALL MASTOID AIR CELLS
CONVERTING MASTOID CAVITY, MIDDLE EAR AND
EAC INTO A SINGLE CAVITY EXTERIORIZED
THROUGH EAC
4. CWD MASTOIDECTOMY- INDICATIONS
CHOLESTEATOMA
CONTRACTED MASTOID
VERY LOW LYING TEGMEN AND ANTERIORLY PLACED SIGMOID SINUS
ERODED BONY EAC
RECURRENCE AFTER CWU MASTOIDECTOMY
CLEFT PALATE AND DOWN’S SYNDROME
ONLY HEARING EAR
BILATERAL CHOLESTEATOMA
LARGE LABYRINTHINE FISTULA
SEVERE SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
SOME BENIGN TUMOURS INVOLVING THE MIDDLE EAR
SOME MALIGNANCY IN THE EAC
11. CWD IN CHOLESTEATOMA INDICATION PATIENT FACTORS
INVESTIGATION FACILITIES
UNRELIABLE FOLLOW UP
UNWILLING TO UNDERGO A SECOND STAGE PROCEDURE
HIGH RISK FOR GENERAL ANESTHESIA
LACK OF RELIABLE IMAGING FACILITIES
12. CWD IN OTHER CONDITIONS: NOW REPLACED BY STP
PARAGANGLIOMA
FACIAL NERVE TUMOR
EAC MALIGNANCY
16. MODIFIED BONDY MASTOIDECTOMY
THE MODIFIED BONDY MASTOIDECTOMY
A CWD MASTOIDECTOMY PROCEDURE
REMOVAL OF POSTERIOR CANAL WALL
INVOLVES EXTERIORIZING THE LATERAL EPITYMPANIC SPACE AND MASTOID CAVITY
REMOVAL OF CHOLESTEATOMA
PRESERVATION OF THE OSSICULAR CHAIN
PLACING A FASCIA GRAFT ONTO THE MEDIAL ASPECT OF THE OSSICULAR CHAIN
17. BASIC SURGICAL STEPS
APPROACH:
RETROAURICULAR
ENDAURAL
ROUTES:
TRANSCORTICAL OR OUTSIDE-IN :
DRILLING STARTS ON THE SURFACE OF THE CORTICAL BONE
CORTICAL MASTOIDECTOMY-ANTROTOMY-REMOVAL OF BONY
EAR CANAL.
TRANSMEATAL OR INSIDE-OUT :
DRILLING STARTS IN THE EAR CANAL
ATTICOTOMY-ATTICOANTROSTOMY-MASTOIDECTOMY
18. RULES OF INITIAL DRILLING
• BONE COVERING THE MIDDLE FOSSA DURA
AND SIGMOID SINUS IS THINNED USING LARGE
BURRS.
• BURRS ARE MOVED PARALLEL TO THE
STRUCTURES.
• CAVITY MUST ALWAYS BE WELL SAUCERIZED AND
GRADUALLY DEEPENED.
• BONY OVERHANGS SHOULD BE REMOVED FROM
THE EDGES.
19. LOWERING FACIAL RIDGE
• THE FACIAL RIDGE IS LOWERED EVENLY USING A LARGE
CUTTING BURR WITH CONTINUOUS SUCTION IRRIGATION.
• DRILLING PARALLEL TO THE COURSE OF THE FACIAL NERVE.
• DIAMOND BURRS - FINAL DRILLING TO THIN THE BONY
COVERAGE OF THE NERVE.
• THE NERVE IS SKELETONIZED BUT NEVER EXPOSED
• INFERIOR CANAL WALL SHOULD BE CONTOURED
SMOOTHLY IN ITS JUNCTION WITH THE CAVITY.
20. REMOVAL OF ANTERIOR BUTTRESS AND CANALPLASTY
If prominent protrusion of anterior and inferior wall,
canalplasty should be done.
Meatal skin is cut laterally,detached from the bone
towards annulus and protected with a sheet.
Removal of anterior buttress produces a continuous
plane between middle fossa plate and anterior canal.
21. MASTOID CAVITY SAUCERIZATION
BY BEVELING THE EDGES OF THE CAVITY (BLUE),
THE LATERAL SOFT TISSUES (RED) ARE INVITED TO
COLLAPSE INWARD, WHICH ACTS TO REDUCE CAVITY
VOLUME.
22. CONTOURING THE TYMPANIC BONE JUNCTION WITH MASTOID CAVITY
DRILLING OF THE TYMPANIC BONE INFERIOR TO THE
TYMPANIC RING AND ANTERIOR TO THE FACIAL NERVE IS
NECESSARY TO ELIMINATE THE “KIDNEY SHAPE” OF THE
RESULTANT CAVITY AND TO PROVIDE A SMOOTH JUNCTION
BETWEEN THE NATIVE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL AND
MASTOID CAVITY
24. RECONSTRUCTION
BLEEDING SHOULD BE STOPPED COMPLETELY BEFORE RECONSTRUCTION OF MIDDLE EAR
USUALLY THE TEMPORALIS FASCIA IS GRAFTED IN UNDERLAY TECHNIQUE
ANTERIOR END OF GRAFT IS PLACED UNDER THE ANNULUS
THE GRAFT MUST HAVE ABUNDANT POSTERIOR EXTENSION TO COVER THE WHOLE MIDDLE EAR AND OBLITERATED
CELLS
IF NECESSARY, ANOTHER PIECE OF GRAFT MAY BE PLACED TO COVER EXPOSED BONE IN MASTOID CAVITY
EPITHELIALIZATION IS FACILITATED IF THE EXPOSED BONE IS COVERED WITH THE FASCIA
OSSICULOPLASTY MAY BE DONE IN FIRST-STAGE OR SECOND-STAGE
28. MEATOPLASTY
USING NASAL SPECULUM A CONCHAL INCISION IS MADE TOWARD THE ANTIHELIX, PARALLEL TO
CRUS OF THE HELIX
CONCHAL CARTILAGE IS DISSECTED FROM SKIN AND UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A TRIANGULAR PIECE OF CARTILAGE IS REMOVED
THE AMOUNT OF CARTILAGE TO BE REMOVED DEPENDS ON THE SIZE AND CONTOUR OF THE CAVITY
IMPORTANT TO PRESERVE THE CARTILAGE IN THE CRUS OF THE HELIX TO PREVENT COSMETIC
DEFORMITY
30. PROPERLY PERFORMED CANAL WALL DOWN MASTOIDECTOMY
A. SAUCERIZED EDGES
B. MASTOID TIP AMPUTATED FROM DIGASTRIC MUSCLE
C. CELLS DRILLED AWAY UP TO SMOOTH DURAL PLATE
D. FACIAL RIDGE LOWERED
E. TYMPANIC BONE SMOOTHLY FRACTURED WITH
JUNCTION OF MASTOID
F. INTACT TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
G. MIDDLE EAR SEALED FROM EPI
F
E
31. UNFAVOURABLE MASTOID CAVITY
A. THE STEEP NON-SAUCERIZED EDGES
B. THE POTHOLES FROM RESIDUAL AIR CELLS
C. THE INTACT OPEN MASTOID TIP WITH DEBRIS
D. THE HIGH FACIAL RIDGE
E. THE UNCONTOURED TYMPANIC BONE FORMING A
KIDNEY-SHAPED CAVITY
F. TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PERFORATION
G. UNSEALED COMMUNICATION WITH EPITYMPANUM
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
32. CAUSES OF FAILURE IN CANAL WALL DOWN MASTOIDECTOMY
POOR EXECUTION OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
HIGH FACIAL RIDGE
BONY OVERHANGS
NARROW MEATUS
Anatomical irregularity Percentage
High Facial ridge 67%
Stenotic meatus 64%
Bony overhang 29%
Canal wall down mastoidectomy: causes of failure,
pitfalls and their management. Mario Sanna et al
Journal of laryngology and otology,1995,vol-105
33. FAILURE IN CANAL WALL DOWN MASTOIDECTOMY :OTHER CAUSES
PROMINENT OR INACCESSIBLE MASTOID TIP
RECURRENT RETRACTION OR CHOLESTEATOMA
REMUCOSALIZATION OF RESIDUAL MASTOID CELL
VERY LARGE AND UNEVEN MASTOID CAVITY
OPEN EUSTACHIAN TUBE OR PERFORATED
37. CWD MASTOIDECTOMY: DISADVANTAGES
DIFFICULTY IN FITTING A HEARING AID
RESTRICTION TO WATER EXPOSURE/SWIMMING
DIZZINESS FOLLOWING TEMPERATURE OR PRESSURE CHANGES
REGULAR CLEANING OF KERATIN DEBRIS
ENLARGED MEATUS
39. LONG TERM RESULTS OF CWD
MASTOIDECTOMY
Demographic and clinical data
n=259
Age 2-96(mean-35)
Male 39%
Female 61%
Type III tympanoplasty 175(67.4%)
Recurrent infection in cavity 17(6.5%)
Meatal stenosis 5(1.9%)
Residual cholesteatoma 5(1.9%)
Recurrent cholesteatoma 1(0.4%)
Sensorineural hearing loss 2(0.7%)
Facial paralysis 1(0.3%)
Persistent vertigo 4(1.5%)
Kos et al, Canal Wall-Down Mastoidectomy
Ann Otol Rhinal LaryngoI 113:2004
40. CWD MASTOIDECTOMY PERSONAL SERIES
Category Percentage
Modified radical mastoidectomy 124 (92.53%)
Modified bondy mastoidectomy 10(7.46%)
Category Percentage
Primary procedure 113(84.33%)
Revision surgery 21(15.67%)
41. CHOLESTEATOMA
Type of Cholesteatoma Percentage
Epitympanic cholesteatoma 53(40.45%)
Sinus cholesteatoma 42(32.06%)
Pars Tensa cholesteatoma 15(11.45%)
Unclassified 21(16.03%)
53. CWD MASTOIDECTOMY CHALLENGES
PROPER EXECUTION OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
KEEP THE PATIENT IN REGULAR FOLLOW UP
OSSICULOPLASTY AND OPTIMUM HEARING IMPROVEMENT IN ONLY MOBILE
FOOTPLATE
54. CONCLUSION
IT IS NOT WHICH TECHNIQUE ONE USES BUT HOW WELL ONE USES THE TECHNIQUE –THAT IS, THE INDIVIDUAL
SURGEON’S JUDGEMENT AND ABILITY -SHEEHY
CWD IS RATHER MORE CRITICIZED OR DEFAMED FOR FAILURE THAN IT IS PERFECTLY PERFORMED
A PERFECTLY PERFORMED CWD MASTOIDECTOMY RESULTS IN A TROUBLE-FREE, DRY EAR
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY LIKE US WHERE REGULAR FOLLOW-UP AND TECHNICAL SUPPORTS ARE LIMITED
CWD IS THE SINGLE STAGE SAFE PROCEDURE
55. THANK YOU
Otology Dr Kanu BSMMU Bangladesh
drklsaha@gmail.com
www.drkanuotology.com
Hinweis der Redaktion
Canal wall down mastoidectomy is one of the common procedures done in otolaryngological practice..
Approach:
Retroauricular
Endaural
Routes:
Transcortical or Outside-in :
Drilling starts on the surface of the cortical bone
Cortical mastoidectomy-Antrotomy-Removal of bony
ear canal.
Transmeatal or Inside-out :
Drilling starts in the ear canal
Atticotomy-Atticoantrostomy-Mastoidectomy
Bone covering the middle fossa dura and sigmoid sinus is thinned using large burrs.
Burrs are moved parallel to the structures.
Cavity must always be well saucerized and gradually deepened.
Bony overhangs should be removed from the edges.
The facial ridge is lowered evenly using a large cutting burr with continuous suction irrigation.
Drilling parallel to the course of the facial nerve.
Diamond burrs - final drilling to thin the bony coverage of the nerve.
The nerve is skeletonized but never exposed
Inferior canal wall should be contoured smoothly in its junction with the cavity.
If prominent protrusion of anterior and inferior wall, canalplasty should be done.
Meatal skin is cut laterally,detached from the bone towards annulus and protected with a sheet.
Removal of anterior buttress produces a continuous plane between middle fossa plate and anterior canal.
The edges of the mastoid cavity should be widely beveled superiorly over the lateral aspect of the middle fossa dura and posteriorly over the lateral edge of the sigmoid sinus, with removal of all retrosigmoid air cells.
Using nasal speculum a conchal incision is made toward the antihelix, parallel to crus of the helix
Conchal cartilage is dissected from skin and underlying connective tissue.
A triangular piece of cartilage is removed
The amount of cartilage to be removed depends on the size and contour of the cavity.
Important to preserve the cartilage in the crus of the helix to prevent cosmetic deformity
Operated in 6th January 2018.Serial follow up findings are recorded till March 2019