1. Ergonomics in Welding An overview of WMSDs* hazardous exposures and solutions *Work-related musculoskeletal disorders

6. WA State-funded compensable claims 1994-2004 Welders, Cutters, Solderers By Nature of Injury Sprains account for more than 1/3 of the compensable claims among welders in the State of Washington. Some of those could be caused by hazardous WMSD exposures.

7. WA State-funded compensable claims 1994-2004 Welders, Cutters, Solderers By Body Part The back, neck and shoulder together with the arm and hand regions make up more than one half of the injuries among welders in Washington State. Preventive efforts should therefore focus on those body parts among welders at your workplace. Welding is a strenuous occupation involving work in awkward postures and handling heavy equipment, usually with a high degree of sustained stress to arm and shoulders.

11. Common postures adopted in welding Working in front Working at ground level Working above the shoulders Working at ground level, precision work Working at ground level, confined space Working above shoulders, confined space ‡ From: Torner et al, 1991

12. Awkward postures in welding Torso twisting Severe torso flexion Kneeling, squatting Bent wrists Neck flexion/extension Shoulder flexion/abduction (separation)

17. Ergonomic improvements Team lifting helps reduce heavy, awkward lifting of equipment and materials. AFTER From: SIMA San Diego Ergonomics Program BEFORE

18. Ergonomic improvements To reduce working with the back bent at ground level, any work table will help to adopt a safer posture AFTER From: Shipyard Ergonomics, 2003 BEFORE

19. Ergonomic improvements Pre-assembly and material handling equipment helps reduce unnecessary lifting or any other kind of manual material handling

20. Ergonomic improvements This rotational clamp for pipe helps reduce awkward postures for the neck, shoulders and arms.

21. Ergonomic improvements Tables for welding and transport reduce manual lifting, carrying of heavy materials. The tables also have wheels.

22. Ergonomic improvements Welding leads on pulleys help reduce heavy and awkward lifting, static postures for long periods.

23. Ergonomic improvements Robotic automation, are also feasible solutions to highly repetitive motions with the arms and hands. May also reduce the exposure to fumes.

31. Thank you