The document summarizes India's agricultural extension systems. It discusses four major organizational streams that work for rural development: ICAR institutes and universities, state agriculture departments, rural development departments, and voluntary organizations. It then provides details on several specific extension programs established by ICAR, including National Demonstrations (1964), Operational Research Projects (1972), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (1974), Lab to Land (1979), and Frontline Demonstrations. It describes the objectives and roles of these various extension initiatives in demonstrating and disseminating new agricultural technologies to farmers.

1. GUIDED BY:-
Dr. Devi Singh Rajput
Dr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma
(Department of veterinary and animal husbandry Extension)
PRESENTED BY:-
KAMLESH DHAWAL
M.V. Sc 1st SEM (Veterinary and AH Extension)
“Extension System in India”
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE
RAJASTHAN UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, BIKANER

2. In India there are 4 major organizational
streams are working for rural
development :
 1. ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) institutes and
Agriculture & Veterinary Universities.
 2. Extension System of Ministry of Agriculture and State
Departments of Agriculture.
 3. Extension System of Ministry of Rural Development and the
State Development Departments.
 4. Voluntary organisations, business houses etc.

3. FIRST LINE EXTENSION SYSTEM
 Realizing the scope and importance of integrated working of interrelationship
between research, education and extension functions, the ICAR established a
section of Extension Education at its headquarters in 1971 which was later on
strengthened and renamed as Division of Agricultural Extension.
 It was intended to enforce this functional relationship down the line in the
research institutes, agricultural and veterinary universities and allied
institutions.
 The involvement of ICAR in extension started with the formulation and
implementation of several front line extension programmes.

4. The programs were as follows:
 National Demonstration (1964),
 Operational Research Project (1972),
 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (1974),
 Lab to Land Programme (1979),
 Frontline Demonstrations,
 Technology Assessment and Refinement (TAR) -Institution Village
Linkage Programme (IVLP),
 National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP),
 Agricultural Technology Management Agency(ATMA),

5. National Demonstration (ND)
 Launched in 1964.
 Based on the concept of increasing the productivity per unit area and time by
using proven agricultural technology.
Basic purpose
1. To show the genetic production potentiality of new technology of major crops.
2. To encourage the farmers to adopt and popularise the technologies.
Fig: National Demonstration

6. Role of National Demonstration:
 The main role is to demonstrate.
 Production potentiality of a unit area.
 The use of implement for different operation.
 Use of soil testing labs for use of balanced fertilizer
doses.
 Demonstration in improved cultivation.
 Provide first hand knowledge
 Minimise the time lag between the research generated
and its application

7. Operational research project (ORP)
 Initiated in 1974-75 to identify technological as well as socio-
economic constraints and to formulate and implement a
combination of technology modules on area/watershed/target
group basis.
 The performance of the new technology is to be tested on farmers’
fields at operational level.

8. The role of ORP were
 Test, adopt and demonstrate the new agricultural technologies in farmer’s
field in a cluster of three to four villages or in a watershed area.
 Calculate profitability of the new technology meant for increasing
production and economic returns substantially.
 Identify socio-economic constraints affecting transfer of new technologies.
 Assess the credit worthiness of the new agricultural practices.
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9. Krishi Vigyan Kendra
 Established in 1974 at Pondicherry under the Tamilnadu Agricultural
university with an objective of imparting through work experience.
 Aimed at imparting training to extension workers, practicing farmers
and fisherman who wish to be self-employed.
 Priority is given to less resources available area.

10. Objectives of KVK
1. To improve productivity in agriculture and allied enterprises.
2. To empower and utilize the energy of rural youth and
farmwomen.
3. To generate employment in farm and non-farm sector.
4. Improve socio-economic condition of rural community.
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12. Role of KVK:
 Impart skill of farmers and rural youths through vocational training
 Conduct Frontline Demonstration
 Carry out On-farm Testing to fine tune the technologies based on
farming situations and develop location specific technology
 Disseminate technologies in the districts by providing training to the
extension workers of the various line departments
 Production of quality seed, seedling and different bio-agents, inputs
and services to enhance technology adoption.
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13. Lab to land program (LLP)
 Implemented in 1979, by ICAR as a part of its Golden Jubilee
celebrations.
 The aim of the programme is to improve the economic condition of
the small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural laborers,
particularly scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, by transfer of
improved technology developed by the agricultural universities,
research institutes etc.
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14. Role of Lab to Land Program:
 Study and understand the background and resource of the selected
farmers and landless agricultural labourers.
 Assist the farmers to develop feasible farm plans.
 Guide and help the farmers in adopting improved technologies.
 Organise training programmes and other extension activities.
 Make the farmers aware of the various opportunities and agencies.
 Develop functional relation and linkage with the scientist and
institutions for future guidance, advisory service and help.
 Utilize this project as a feedback mechanism for the agricultural
scientist and extension functionaries.

15. Front Line Demonstration:
The field demonstrations conducted under
the close supervision of scientists of the
National Agriculture Research System are
called front-line demonstrations because the
technologies are demonstrated for the first
time by the scientists themselves before
being fed into the main extension system of
the State Department of Agriculture.
“Seeing is believing” is the main principle
behind the demonstrations.

16. Roles of Front-Line Demonstration:
 Demonstrate the newly released production technologies on the
farmers’ fields.
 Exploit their maximum potential in a given farming system.
 Prepare technical leadership in the villages by imparting desired
training.
 Organize the need based training programmes for subject matter
specialists and farmers, after identification of problems.
 About 54,000 front line demonstrations were organized to demonstrate
the production potential of newly released production technologies in
2009.
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17. Technology Assessment and Refinement
(TAR)
 In 1995, the ICAR launched this innovative programme.
 Introduce technological interventions with emphasis on stability and
sustainability along with productivity of small-farm production systems;
 Introduce and integrate the appropriate technologies to sustain
technological interventions and their integration to maintain productivity
and profitability taking environmental issues into consideration in a
comparatively well defined farm production system;
 Introduce and integrate the appropriate technologies to increase the
agricultural productivity with marketable surplus in commercial on and
off farm production system; 4/25/2017 17

18.  Facilitate adoption of appropriate post harvest technologies
for conservation and on-farm value addition of agricultural
products, by-products and waste for greater economic
dividend and national priorities;
 Facilitate adoption of appropriate technologies for removal of
drudgery, increased efficiency and higher income of farm
women;
 Monitor socio-economic impact of the technological
intervention for different farm production systems;
 Identify extrapolation domains for new
technology/technology modules based on environmental
characterization at meso and mega level.
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19. National Agricultural Technology Project
(NATP)
Launched by ICAR on June 30, 1998, with the support of the World Bank, to
strengthen and complement the existing resources and to augment the output
of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS).
The major role of this component is:
1) Accelerate the flow of technology form research, and extension to farmer.
2) Improve the dissemination of location specific and sustainability enhancing
technologies.
3) Decentralize technical and decision making authority to the district level.
4) Create a more effective and financially sustainable public extension
system.
5) Step up the privatization of certain technology transfer activities.

20. Agricultural Technology Management
Agency(ATMA)
The roles of ATMA are:
 Strengthen research – extension – farmer linkages.
 Provide an effective mechanism for co-ordination and management of
activities of different agencies involved in technology adaption /
validation and dissemination at the district level and below.
 Increase the quality and type of technologies being disseminated.
 Move towards shared ownership of the agricultural technology system
by key shareholders.
 Develop new partnerships with the private institutions including NGOs.

21. National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP)
The Basic Role:
 Give the agricultural research and technology development system an
explicit development and business perspective through innovative models. In
other words, the agricultural research system should be able to support
agriculture as a business venture and also as a means of security of livelihood of
the rural Indian while maintaining excellence in science.
 Make the National Agricultural Research System a 'pluralistic' system where
every Organisation having stake in agricultural research: public, private or civil
society, has to play a role.

22.  Working in well defined partnership groups with
clear common goals and understanding on
sharing responsibilities and benefits.
 Funding through competition so that a wide
choice of excellent innovative ideas come in
from the stakeholders themselves.
 Work with focus, plan and time frames.

23. Thankyou…..