Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Assignment 1 - Antara Gapi, Hulu Selangor, Selangor
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)
INTEGRATED ASSIGNMENT:
MEASUREMENT I (QSB60104)
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I (BLD 60104)
BUILDING MATERIALS (BLD 62003)
SITE VISIT REPORT
STUDENT NAME : PANG KAI YUN
STUDENT ID NO. : 0319802
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 27 NOVEMBER 2015
2. 1
Content
No. Title Page Number
1. Introduction 2
2. Objective 3
3. Introduction of the Site 4
4. Technical Observation Made On Site 6
5. Pad Footing 13
6. Conclusion 17
3. 2
Introduction
In this individual assignment, we are required to produce a site report after a site visit to a
construction site. This assignment involves three modules, which are Measurement 1,
Construction Technology and Building Materials. The site visit is attended by all Semester 1
August Intake students and two lecturer, which are Miss Ang and Miss Azrina. Before the site
visit, our lecturer has brief us on what we need to wear during the site visit. We are also required
to bring a safety helmet to ensure our safety at the site. During the site visit, we need to note
down what we had saw and learnt at the site.
4. 3
Objective
To learn about site organization and the importance of site safety.
To understand the basics of the construction process.
To witness the usage of construction equipment on site including mechanical plants.
To explore and identify various types of building materials and technology on site.
To able to explain the construction of buildings and the scientific principles that
underpins the design and construction.
To make us understand the significance of teamwork and communication skills while
working together with the construction team members on site.
5. 4
Introduction of the Site
A site visit to a construction site was held in the morning on 19th November 2015
(Thursday). The site is located at Sekyen 2A, Antara Gapi, Bandar Sungai Chik, Hulu Selangor,
Selangor. The site visit was guided by the project manager, Mr Mohd Sobri Bin Hj. Ab. Majid.
The project is about constructing 96 unit semi-detached houses (40’ x 60’). There are
total four types of houses. Type 1 is a flat house; Type 2A is a split down house; Type 2B is a
split up house while Type 3 is a spilt down house. There are total 38 units of Type 2A house, 12
units of Type 2B house, 36 units of Type 2B house and 10 units of Type 3 house.
This project will take about 3 years to complete. It was started at 8th July 2014 and is
expected to complete on 4th July 2016. This project cost around RM 44 million.
Site plan
7. 6
Technical Observations Made On Site
We arrive at the site at 9.30am in the morning. On the way into the site, there is an
information board placed in at the entrance. From the information board, we can know some
information about this project such as the contractor, architect and engineers of this project.
There is also a safety sign at the entrance of the construction site. The safety sign provides
information about safety that we need to pay attention when we are in the construction site such
as what we should do and what we should not do in the construction site.
Information board Safety sign
Besides, the construction site is surrounded by vertical hoarding to define the limit of the
site and to prevent unauthorized persons access to site. When we arrived at the site, we were
gathered at the entrance and the project manager, Mr Mohd Sobri Bin Hj. Ab. Majid briefed us
about the safety precautions. After the brief, we began our visit guided by the project manager.
Vertical hoarding Project manager is briefing about the safety
precautions
8. 7
First, I have seen some machineries park at the construction site. We are quite familiar
with the machineries because we have learned before in class. Some of the machineries are truck,
mobile crane, front shovel, etc.
Truck Lorry
Mobile crane Front shovel
Compactor Back hoe
9. 8
Geared Rollover Skips Concrete Mixer
Besides, I also saw a lot of different material placed on the floor along the site. For
example, reinforcement bars, BRC, bricks and metal roof truss. Moreover, there are also houses
that have finished construct.
High tensile reinforcement bar Bend of the high tensile reinforcement bar
Mild steel reinforcement bar BRC
10. 9
Stirrups Metal roof truss
Metal roof truss inside the house Roof tiles
Clay bricks Concrete bricks
Plywood formwork Houses that have finished construct
11. 10
Moreover, the scaffolding used in the site is independent scaffoldings. Independent
scaffoldings do not rely upon building for support. Pile cap is also found at the site. Pile
foundation is also one of the foundations used to build the house. It is depends on the soil
condition of the site.
Independent scaffoldings Material used to build scaffoldings
Pile cap Pile cap that haven been pile
inside the ground
Furthermore, I saw pad footing at the site. The size of the pad footing is in different size
because the size of the pad footing is depends on the load above it. I also saw a worker taking off
the formwork of the pad footing.
Pad footing A worker is taking out the formwork
12. 11
Next to the pad footing is the column. There are some columns have already done, but
some of the formwork of the column have not taken it off yet. I also saw beam and formwork to
beam.
Column Formwork to column
beam Formwork to beam
Construction joint Staircase and the Formwork to staircase
13. 12
After that, we stop at the site office. The site office is located inside a big cabin. Before
we leave, there was a worker teeing the stirrups with a wire.
Temporary site office, cabin Saw a worker is tie the stirrups
The tie the stirrups together
We finish our site visit around 11.30am and we went back to our campus. We arrive at
campus around 1.00pm.
14. 13
Pad Footing
How a pad footing is constructed?
Step 1 : The size of the pad footing is set up according to the plan dimension.
Step 2 : Excavate the earth to the require depth.
Step 3 : Plywood formwork is built at the perimeter of the pad footing.
15. 14
Step 4 : 50mm thick of lean concrete Grade 30 mixture is then poured inside the formwork to
prepare a clean and firm base for the footing.
Step 5 : Reinforcement bar is bent and tied and placed inside the formwork.
Step 6 : Stump reinforcements are then erected. Length of reinforcement bars should be extended
beyond stump level and act as a starter bars for column above.
Step 7 : Concrete Grade 30 is poured into the formwork.
16. 15
Step 8: After the concrete is set and cured, the formwork can be dismantled.
17. 16
What are the materials involved in constructing a pad footing?
1. Reinforced Concrete Grade 30
Reinforced concrete is concrete in which wire mesh or steel bars are embedded to increase
its tensile strength. Concrete has great compressive strength, but very little tensile strength.
To overcome this weakness, concrete is cast around steel reinforcing bars. These bars have
high tensile strength. As the concrete harden, it grips the steel to form a bond. Concrete
Grade 30 concrete has a 1 : 2 : 3 Ratio (Cement : Sand : Aggregates). The grade means the
concrete compression resistance at 28 days.
2. Lean Concrete Grade 30
Lean concrete is a mix where the amount of cement is lower than the amount of liquid
present in the strata. The main function of the lean concrete is to provide the uniform surface
to the foundation concrete and to prevent the direct contact of foundation concrete from the
soil.
3. High Tensile Reinforcement Bar
The high tensile reinforcement bar used is T12 and T16 in the pad footing. T12 is high
tensile reinforcement bar with 12 mm diameter, while T16 is high tensile reinforcement bar
with 16 mmm diameter.
4. Plywood formwork
Plywood is an artificially manufactured wooden material used for making concrete
formwork. It is strong, durable and light weight. The availability of different thickness
plywood in the market makes it popular for different sizes concreting work. It is possible to
have smooth finish in which case on cost in surface finishing is there.
18. 17
Conclusion
This is the first time I visit a construction site. I have gain a lot of new knowledge
through this site visit. In this site visit, I have chance to look at all the material we have learnt in
class such as reinforcement bars, metal roof truss, BRC, etc. Besides, I also saw different
machineries wat the site such as truck, back hoe, concrete mixer, etc.
Moreover, I get to know how a house is built from the foundation up to the roof. We also
have a chance to ask question about the material and the process of the construction.
Furthermore, I leant that the safety is really important in the construction site. We should always
be alert and be careful all the time. We should always wear safety helmet in the site.
Finally, I want to say thank you to the project manager, Mr Mohd Sobri Bin Hj. Ab.
Majid the land surveyor, Mr. Mohd Hafizi Bin Mohammad. They answer all of our question and
willing to tell us more about it. I really gain a lot of valuable knowledge and I hope to have
another chance to have a site visit at another construction site.
