Sociology

1. HEALTH CARE PROVIDER AND CLIENT
RELATIONSHIP

2. HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
Is defined as a trained individual on medical
profession who is also authorized to practice by
the State and performing within the scope of
their practice as defined by State law.

3. What is a client?
Defined as a person who is recipient to
professional service.

4. DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
What is a doctor?
Is someone who holds a PhD degree and
licensed to practice medicine.
What is a patient?
Refers to someone who requires a medical care.

5. What is doctor patient relationship?
Refers to the interaction between a person who
requires medical care and someone who is
trained and licensed to practice medicine.

6.  Diagnose a patient
 Prescribe medication
 Perform surgery

7.  providing a complete medical history.
 requesting information or clarification about their treatment.
 following agreed treatment plans.
 keeping appointments.
 disclosing whether previously agreed treatment plans are
being followed.
 meeting financial obligations.
 discussing financial hardships with the physician, and
 using medical resources judiciously.

8. ASPECTS OF DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
Informed consent
It is very important for the doctor to be truthful
in informing the patient of their health and to
be direct in asking for the patient's consent
before giving treatment.

9. Shared decision making
The doctor and patient work together to choose
which tests, treatments, or life changes are
selected. It involves sharing information,
including uncertainties, about options, and
outcomes, and using this with the knowledge,
views and experiences of the patient to make
decisions.

10. Benefiting or pleasing
That is, the doctor needs strategies for
presenting unfavorable treatment options or
unwelcome information in such a way that
minimizes strain on the doctor-patient
relationship while benefiting the patient's
overall physical health and best interests.

11.  Confidentiality
It is very important for both the two parties to
ensure that all the information discussed
remains confidential to ensure that the patient
feel comfortable in providing all relevant
information.
 Formal /casual

12. NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
What is a nurse?
An individual who is trained to take care of
individuals, families, and communities so they
may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health
and quality of life.

13. ROLES OF NURSES IN CLIENT CARE
 Care giver
Performing nursing procedures
 Protector and advocate
Makes sure the environment is safe

14.  Case manager
coordinates actions toward the management of
the patient and or supervises other personnel
 Recording and reporting
Any details of what has been about the patient
and reports to the next level (authority)
 Comforter
Gives patients emotional support

15.  Trust
Trust is critical in the nurse-client
relationship because the client is in a
vulnerable position. At the beginning of a
relationship, trust is fragile so it’s especially
important to keep promises to a client. It’s
difficult to re-establish trust once it has been
breached

16.  Respect
is the recognition of the inherent dignity,
worth and uniqueness of every individual,
regardless of the client’s socio-economic
status and personal attributes, and the nature
of the client’s health problem

17.  Professional intimacy
is inherent in the type of care and services
that nurses provide. It may be the physical
activities, such as bathing, that nurses
perform for and with clients that create this
closeness. Professional intimacy may involve
psychological, spiritual and social elements
that are identified in the plan of care. Access
to the client’s personal information also
contributes to professional intimacy.

18.  Empathy
Is the expression of understanding, validating
and resonating with the meaning that the
health care experience holds for the client. In
nursing empathy includes appropriate
emotional distance from the client to ensure
objectivity and appropriate professional
response

19.  Power:
In a nurse patient relationship there is unequal
power distribution as the nurse has more
power than the client. The nurse also has
more authority and influence in the health care
system.

21.  What is bureaucracy?
Is an organizational model rationally designed to
perform complex tasks efficiently. According to
Marks

22. Characteristics of bureaucracy
 Hierarchy of authority
-Hierarchy is a system of ranking various
positions in descending scale: from top to
bottom .
-Each lower office is supervised by the higher
ones.
-The hierarchy serves as a line of
communication and delegation.

23.  Impersonality
*There is uniform treatment for each client as
well as workers.
*The decisions are governed by rational
factors rather than personal factors.

24.  Written rules of conduct
*The administrative process is continuous and
governed by official rules.
*The rules provide benefits of stability,
continuity and predictability and each official
knows precisely the outcomes of his/her
behavior in a particular matter.

25.  Promotion based on achievement/merit
*In a bureaucratic organization promotion is
based on the achievement of an individual
rather than on favoritism.

26.  Specialized division of labor
*The work of a bureaucratic organization is
divided on the bases of specialization.
*Division of labour ensures that each office has
clearly defined area of competence within an
organization.
*This also helps to ensure that no work is left
uncovered.

27.  Employment based on technical qualifications
* The officials in a bureaucratic organization
have technical competence to carry out their
official duties.

28. Advantages of bureaucracy
 The organization does not suffer on the
absence of one person.
 The division of labour assists the workers in
becoming experts in their professions.

29.  The duties and responsibilities of each job
are clearly defined.
 The selection process and promotion
procedures are based on merit and expertise.

30.  The employees do not develop a sense of
belongingness to the organization.
 There is neglect of human factor since there
is too much reliance on rules and regulations.
 It is rigid

31. IMPACT OF BUREAUCRACY ON HEALTH CARE
PROVIDER AND CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
 It is difficult to determine who is responsible for
having made a particular decision, creating a
feeling of powerlessness amongst employees.
 There is diffusion of responsibility and
subsequent refusal to make a decision.
 It can help organizations run smoothly and
efficiently.

32.  Bureaucracies tend to include a division of
labor with clearly defined roles.