IT WAS PREPARED BY ME. :)

2. USE:
WE USE THE PASSIVE:
• When the person who carries out the action is
unknown, unimportant or obvious from the
context.
• When the action itself is more important than
the person who carries it out, as in news
headlines, newspaper articles, formal notices,
instructions, advertisements, etc.
• To make statements more formal or polite.

3. Changing from active to passive:
 The object of the active sentence becomes the
subject of the passive sentence.
 The active verb remains in the same tense, but
changes into a passive form.
 The subject of the active sentence becomes the
agent, and is either introduced with the
preposition by or omitted
ACTIVE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
PASSIVE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

4.  By + Agent, With + Insrument/ Material/
Ingredient
 The agent can be omitted when the subject is
they, so./sb., people, one, etc.
 The agent isn’t omitted when it is a specific or
important person, or when it is essential to the
meaning of the sentence.
 With the verbs which take two objects such as
bring, tell, offer, pay, send, promise, buy, lend,
write, give, etc. We can make 2 different passive
sentence:

5. He gave her a cookery book. (active)
She was given a cookery book. (passive, more usual)
A cookery book was given to her. (passive, less
usual)
 In passive questions with who, whom or which
we do not omit by. For example:
Who cooked this meal? (Active)
Who was this meal cooked by? (Passive)

6.  PRESENT PROGRESSIVE  HE IS WASHING THE CAR.  THE CAR IS BEING WASHED (BY
HIM)
 SİMPLE PRESENT  HE WASHES THE CAR.  THE CAR IS WASHED (BY HIM)
 SİMPLE PAST  HE WASHED THE CAR.  THE CAR WAS WASHED (BY
HIM)
 PAST PROGRESSIVE  HE WAS WASHING THE
CAR.
 THE CAR WAS BEING WASHED
(BY HIM)
 PRESENT PERFECT  HE HAS WASHED THE CAR.  THE CAR HAS BEEN WASHED
(BY HIM)
 PAST PERFECT  HE HAD WASHEDTHE CAR.  THE CAR HAD BEEN WASHED
(BY HIM)
 SİMPLE FUTURE  HE WILL WASH THE CAR.  THE CAR WILL BE WASHED (BY
HIM)
 BE GOING TO  HE IS GOING TO WASH THE
CAR.
 THE CAR IS GOING TO BE
WASHED (BY HIM)
 FUTURE PERFECT  HE WILL HAVE WASHED
THE CAR.
 THE CAR WILL HAVE BEEN
WASHED (BY HIM)

7.  PRESENT PROGRESSIVE  TO BE + BEING+ V3(PP)
 SİMPLE PRESENT  TO BE + V3(PP)
 SİMPLE PAST  TO BE (V2) + V3(PP)
 PAST PROGRESSIVE  TO BE (V2) + BEING + V3(PP)
 PRESENT PERFECT  HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ V3(PP)
 PAST PERFECT  HAD + BEEN + V3(PP)
 SİMPLE FUTURE  WILL+ BE + V3(PP)
 BE GOING TO  IS GOING TO+ BE + V3(PP)
 FUTURE PERFECT  WILL HAVE+ BEEN + V3(PP)
 MODALS  MODAL + BE + V3(PP)

8. IMPORTANT POINTS
• VERB HAVE TO BE TRANSITIVE.
• IF WE WANT TO FORM A PASSIVE SENTENCE, WE NEED
AN OBJECT IN THE SENTENCE.
• PASSIVE IS USUALLY USE IN THE WRITTEN ENGLISH.